主语补语资料课件

写作离不开句子写作离不开句子,要写好英语的句子要写好英语的句子,首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成,能充当这些成分的是各是什么词。能充当这些成分的是各是什么词。句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语，其中主语与宾语、定语、状语、表语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分谓语是主要成分,一般不可缺少。一般不可缺少。句子成分句子成分I：主语：主语/谓语谓语/宾语宾语练习：请找出下列句子的主语。练习：请找出下列句子的主语。1.The boy comes from America.1.The boy,名词作主语。名词作主语。2.He usually went to school alone.2.He，代词作主语代词作主语。主话表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事。主话表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事。3.Studying English is very important.Studying English,动名词短语作主语。动名词短语作主语。4.To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.To teach him a lesson,不定式短语作主语。不定式短语作主语。5.That he won the prize excited everyone.That he won the prize,主语从句作主语。主语从句作主语。6.It is important for us to have our dreams.it 形式主语形式主语to have our dreams 不定式短语作不定式短语作真正的主语。真正的主语。7.It is obvious that he was wrong.it 形式主语形式主语,that he was wrong 主语从句作真主语从句作真正的主语。正的主语。8.It is no use crying over spilt milk.it 形式主语形式主语,crying over spilt milk动名词短语动名词短语作真正的主语。作真正的主语。主语一般由名词、主语一般由名词、_,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括包括_、_ 还有还有_)。另外，当句子的主语为另外，当句子的主语为_、_ 或或_时时,主语部分太主语部分太长长,为使句子平衡为使句子平衡,避免头重脚轻避免头重脚轻,常用常用it作作形式主语。形式主语。主格代词主格代词(I、she等等)不定式不定式动名词动名词主语从句主语从句动名词短语动名词短语不定式短语不定式短语主语从句主语从句 谓语说明主语的动作谓语说明主语的动作(即主语做即主语做了什么事了什么事)、状态或特征。谓语由动、状态或特征。谓语由动词或短语动词充当词或短语动词充当,或者由或者由“系动词系动词+表语表语”构成。除了倒装等特殊情况外构成。除了倒装等特殊情况外,谓语总是位于主语的后面谓语总是位于主语的后面,即即“主语主语-谓语谓语”。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语与动词原形构成合成谓语,助动词与动词助动词与动词的适当形式的适当形式(如：原形、现在分词、过去如：原形、现在分词、过去分词分词)共同构成谓语部分。共同构成谓语部分。【注意注意】谓语谓语与与主主语语在人在人称与数称与数方面方面要保持一致。要保持一致。练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、表语、情态动词情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词动词的原形还是助动词+动词动词的适当形式？的适当形式？1.His parents are teachers.1.are teachers，系动词，系动词+表语。表语。2.The sun rises in the east.2.rises，实义动词。，实义动词。3.We have finished reading the book.have finished,助动词助动词+动词的过去动词的过去分词。分词。4.You ought to work harder.ought to work,情态动词情态动词+动词原形。动词原形。5.I felt cold.5.felt cold,连系动词连系动词+表语。表语。6.He doesnt like music.6.doesnt like,助动词助动词+动词原形。动词原形。宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格代词宾格代词(me,her等等),或者相当于名词的词、或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句宾语从句)。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语语,间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做,直接宾语则是动作的承受者或结果。一般直接宾语则是动作的承受者或结果。一般情况下情况下,宾语都在动词后面宾语都在动词后面,顺序是：主语顺序是：主语-谓语谓语-宾语。宾语。练习：请找出下列句子的宾语练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。1.He has never met her in person.Her,宾格代词作宾语。宾格代词作宾语。2.She handed him a book.him宾格代词作间接宾语宾格代词作间接宾语,a book 名词作名词作直接宾语。直接宾语。3.He likes to play basketball.to play basketball,不定式短语作宾语。不定式短语作宾语。4.We enjoy listening to music.listening to the music,动名词短语作宾语。动名词短语作宾语。5.She said that she felt sick.that she felt sick,宾语从句作宾语。宾语从句作宾语。6.They sent the injured to hospital.the injured,名词化的形容词作宾语。名词化的形容词作宾语。7.I find it impossible to believe her any longer.7.it形式宾语形式宾语,不定式短语不定式短语to believe her any longer.作真正宾语。作真正宾语。8.We consider it no good getting up late.8.it形式宾语形式宾语,getting up late动名词短语作真动名词短语作真正宾语。正宾语。9.They believed it strange that he should have done that.9.it形式宾语形式宾语,宾语从句宾语从句that he should have done that作真正的宾语。作真正的宾语。当句子的宾语为当句子的宾语为_、_、或、或_时时,常常用形式宾语用形式宾语it,以保持句子的平衡。以保持句子的平衡。不定式短语不定式短语动名词短语动名词短语宾语从句宾语从句 系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词动词,如：如：be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。等。系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词，也可以名词、数词、极少数副类是形容词，也可以名词、数词、极少数副词词(如如here,there)、介词短语、不定式、分、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语语,说明主语的状态、性质等。说明主语的状态、性质等。句子成分句子成分II：表语：表语/定语定语/状语状语/补语补语一、表语一、表语练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容名词、数词、形容词、介词词、介词,不定式不定式,分词，还是表语从句分词，还是表语从句)。1.My wallet is on the desk.1.on the desk,介词短语。介词短语。2.The book isnt mine.2.mine,名词。名词。3.The leaves turn yellow in fall.3.yellow,形容词。形容词。4.He has become a police officer.a police officer,名词。名词。5.My suggestion is that we should start at once.that we should start at once.,表语从句。表语从句。6.My suggestion is to leave at once.6.to leave at once,不定式短语。不定式短语。7.His speech was boring.7.boring，现在分词。，现在分词。8.The whole class got excited at the good news.8.excited，过去分词。过去分词。定语用来修饰名词或代词定语用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词性物主代词,也可以是数词、名词、介词短也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前修饰词之前,但若修饰复合不定代词但若修饰复合不定代词(如如something)时时,或者是短语或定语从句作定或者是短语或定语从句作定语语,则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。二、定语二、定语练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当（形容词、形容词定语是由什么充当（形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句）词还是定语从句）1.The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.1.beautiful,形容词形容词,many,数词。数词。2.The wallet on the desk is mine.on the desk,介词短语。介词短语。3.The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work.demanding,现在分词现在分词,my,形容词性代词。形容词性代词。4.That building being repaired is our library.being repaired,现在分词短语现在分词短语,our,形容词形容词性代词性代词。5.He is one of the students that have been late.5.one,数词数词;that have been late,定语从句。定语从句。6.The excited boys burst into cheers.6.excited，过去分词。，过去分词。7.A woman police officer was praised for her good work.7.woman，名词；，名词；good，形容词。，形容词。状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词词,或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，作状语的典型词类是副词作状语的典型词类是副词,也可以是介也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。三、状语三、状语练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句式、分词、状语从句)。1.He did his homework carefully at home.1.carefully,副词，副词，at home，介词词组。，介词词组。2.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.2.to do some shopping不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语;on Sunday介词短语表时间。介词短语表时间。3.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.3.When I grow up,时间状语从句。时间状语从句。4.Feeling tired,he went to bed without supper.4.Feeling tired,现在分词短语表原因，现在分词短语表原因，without supper,介词短语表方式。介词短语表方式。5.He lost his job due to his lack of patience.due to his lack of patience介词短语表原因。介词短语表原因。6.Brought up in the country,he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.6.Brought up in the country,过去分词短过去分词短语表原因。语表原因。补充说明主语的称为主语补补充说明主语的称为主语补足语；补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语；补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。四、补足语四、补足语练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当的指出它是由什么充当的(名词、形容词、介名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词词)。1.They elected John monitor.1.monitor名词。名词。2.He treated his mistake as a joke.2.as a joke，介词词组。，介词词组。3.We heard her singing a song.3.singing a song,现在分词短语。现在分词短语。4.He told me to make my own decision.4.to make my own decision,动词不定动词不定式。式。5.I think it wrong of him to decline my offer.5.wrong,形容词。形容词。6.He watched an insect caught by a bird.6.caught by a bird，过去分词短语。，过去分词短语。【注意注意】如果把主动语态改成被动如果把主动语态改成被动语态语态,宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例如：例如：He was acknowledged to be the best player.他被公认为是最佳选手。他被公认为是最佳选手。(不定式作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语)句子成分随堂练习句子成分随堂练习 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分Last week I went to the supermarket.Last week I went to the supermarket.状主状主 谓状谓状The play was very interesting.The play was very interesting.主系状表主系状表I cant hear a word.I cant hear a word.主谓宾主谓宾They were talking loudly.They were talking loudly.主主 谓谓 状状It was Sunday.It was Sunday.主主 系表系表I never get up early on Sundays.I never get up early on Sundays.主谓状状主谓状状I looked at the young man and the 主谓主谓 宾宾young woman angrily.宾状宾状I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.I read a few lines,but I didnt 主谓定主谓定 宾宾 连连 主谓主谓understand a word.谓宾谓宾My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.My holidays passed quickly,but I 主主 谓状连主谓状连主didnt send cards to my friends.谓宾谓宾I got up early and bought thirty cards.I got up early and bought thirty cards.主谓主谓 状状 连连 谓谓 定定 宾宾He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He is working for a big firm and he has 主主 谓谓 状状 连主谓连主谓already visited a great number of different 谓谓 定定 定定places in Australia.宾宾 定定He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town.He has just bought a car and 主谓状主谓状 谓谓 宾连宾连has gone to Alice Springs,a small town 谓谓状同位语状同位语.He calls at every house once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.He calls at every house 主主 谓谓 宾宾 once a month and always asks for状状 连连 状状 谓谓a meal and a glass of beer.宾宾人有了知识，就会具备各种分析能力，明辨是非的能力。所以我们要勤恳读书，广泛阅读，古人说“书中自有黄金屋。”通过阅读科技书籍，我们能丰富知识，培养逻辑思维能力；通过阅读文学作品，我们能提高文学鉴赏水平，培养文学情趣；通过阅读报刊，我们能增长见识，扩大自己的知识面。有许多书籍还能培养我们的道德情操，给我们巨大的精神力量，鼓舞我们前进。