资源描述
OldandMiddleEnglishThreeConquests2EnglishisaMelting PotofIndo-EuropeanLanguagesIndo-Europeans hometown:Volga River伏尔加河+Don River3EnglishisaMelting PotofIndo-EuropeanLanguagesCeltic塞尔特Latin German FrenchGeneralIntroductionTwoperiodstheOldEnglishandtheMiddleEnglisharesharplydistinguished杰出的fromeachotherasaresultoftheNormanConquestoftheislandin1066.5EarlyHistorynEarly Settlersn3ConquestsnRomansnAnglo-SaxonsnNormans6EarlyEnglandCreatedbyThreeInvasions1.Roman Occupation 55 B.C.-410 A.D.2.Anglo-Saxon and Viking Invasions 410 1066 A.D.3.The Norman Invasion(The Battle of Hastings)in 1066 A.D.LATINLATINGERMAN(IC)GERMAN(IC)FRENCHFRENCHHistory Early HabitantsExceptinIrelandwheretheyareinthemajority,theCeltsareanindigenouspeopleofEuropewithlargenumbersintheUnitedKingdomandFrance.History Early HabitantsTheCeltsmovedfromEuropeancontinenttotheBritishIslesinabout500B.C.Language:Celtic,theoldestrecordedlanguagebeforetheformingofoldEnglish.Celtic,NOTEnglishTheMovementoftheCeltsCelticAppearanceCelticwomenCelticClothesStonehengeinWiltshire(SouthernEngland)StonehengeinWiltshire(SouthernEngland)CelticPatternsandWeavingsCelticKnotsCelticKnotsDecorationsCelticWarriorsCelticLanguage:Gaelic盖尔语/IrishIrishGaelicGoodbyeMynameisChristinaMacLeanandIam13yearsoldBeannachdLeibhIsmiseCairistionaNicGilleathainagusthamitribliadhnadeugCeltsToday1CeltsToday2BagpipesandCelticDancesCeltsinKiltsFirst Conquest:Roman Conquest（55 B.C.-410 A.D）TheearlyinhabitantsCeltswereconqueredbytheRomansTheAnglo-SaxonsTheNormansFirst Conquest:Roman ConquestTheearlyinhabitantsCeltswereconqueredbytheRomansTheAnglo-SaxonsTheNormansWhydidtheRomansinvade入侵?In55B.C.theRomangeneralJuliusCaesar凯撒wasinbattlewithGauls（高卢人）whohadbeenhelpedbyCeltsinBritain.CaesarwasupsetbytheirassistanceanddecidedtoteachtheBritons（不列吞人，BritishCelts）alesson.InhisportraitJuliusCaesarworeawreathonhisheadtohidehisbaldness!28RomanizingBritainWhatdidRomanruleleavebehind?ManytypesofanimalsandplantswerebroughttoBritain.Miles,feetandinchesareRomanmeasurements.ChristianityReadingandwritingwerealsointroducedbytheRomans.ManywordsinEnglishandWelshhavebeenborrowedfromtheLatin language.E.g.autumn,beautiful,continue,different.HadriansWallBuiltbyRomanemperorHadrianinaround122ADinnorthernEnglandtofightenemyfromthenorth.HadriansWall:north-westernborderoftheRomanEmpireHadrians Wall In 1987,the Worlds Cultural Heritage遗产遗产,length:118 kilometersBritanniaBritainBritonQuestion1BeforetheRomansinvadedthepeopleofBritainwerecalled?A.CeltsB.GaulsC.VikingsQuestion1BeforetheRomansinvadedthepeopleofBritainwerecalled?A.CeltsB.GaulsC.Vikings36The Anglo-Saxon Period 410 1066 A.D(Old English)WhoweretheAnglo-Saxons?.WhoareAnglo-SaxonsGermanictribesinScandinavia.Whydidthemcome?Badlivingconditionsintheirhomeland.OldEnglishFourmajordialectsinoldEnglish:WestSaxon(西撒克逊语),Kentish（肯特语）,Mercian（麦西安语）andNorthumbrianOldEnglishsuffixessuchas:dom,ness,ship,hood,ful,ish,comefromoldEnglishIdioms:mightandmay全力地，friendandfoe敌友，alaboroflove出自喜爱而作的事情Wheredidtheysettle?WhathappenedtotheAnglo-Saxons?AlfredtheGreat（最伟大的盎格鲁撒克逊最伟大的盎格鲁撒克逊国王之一）国王之一）VikingRaidBy878theVikingshadconqueredallofEnglandexceptWessex.WessexremainedAnglo-SaxonasKingAlfredofWessexdefeatedtheVikingsinbattle.Gradually,theareasofEnglandunderVikingrulewerereconqueredbyAlfredsdescendants由阿尔弗雷德的后裔夺回.AlfredisconsideredthefirstKingofEngland.Hismainaccomplishmentsincludechampioningeducationandstartingschoolsinanageoflittleeducation.The Anglo-Saxon ChroniclesKingArthurtheLegendWhatisanepic?Alongnarrativepoeminanelevatedstylethatpresentsaheroicfigureandhisadventuresimportanttothehistoryofaraceornation.In old English by Anglo-SaxonsBackground and Setting:ancient ScandinaviaTopic:Beowulf,anancientScandinaviaWith traces of ChristianityTime:5 ADBeowulfasEpic ResourcesforStudyingBeowulfAHistoryofEnglishLiteraturehttp:/www.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/english016/beowulf/beowulf.htmlBeowulf贝奥武夫BeowulfQuestion2WhowastryingtoinvadeBritaininthe5thcenturyA.D.?A.KingArthurB.TheSaxonsC.TheEmperorHonouiousQuestion2WhowastryingtoinvadeBritaininthe5thcenturyA.D.?A.KingArthurB.TheSaxonsC.TheEmperorHonouious Question3KingAlfredwastheKingofwhichkingdom?A.WessexB.EastAngliaC.Northumbria Question3KingAlfredwastheKingofwhichkingdom?A.WessexB.EastAngliaC.NorthumbriaTheNormanConquest(from1066)59Anglo-NormansDukeWilliamofNormandysetsailacrosstheEnglishChannelon28thSeptember1066.BattleofHastings1WilliamdefeatedtheSaxonking(Harold)attheBattle of Hastings:HastingsonthesouthcoastofEngland62BattleofHastingsTwomonthslater,onChristmasDay,WilliamofNormandywascrownedKingofEnglandinWestMinsterAbbey(1066-87).HastingsCastleBritainsfirstNormanCastle城堡65TheHouseofNormandy66NormanInfluenceNormanFrenchofficiallanguageWrittenrecordsinEnglishstoppedAfter1204,Englishresumeditsdominance.Peopleofallclassesdailyuse.CowbeefBuildingmansionEmployeemuttonmadamBorrowedWordsinEnglishrise-mountascendask-questioninterrogategoodness-virtue-probityfast-firmsecurefire-flameconflagrationfear-terrortrepidationholy-sacredconsecratedtime-age-epochNormanInfluence1TheAnglo-SaxonlanguagewasreplacedbyNormanFrenchasthelanguageoftheupperclasses,modernEnglishisthenaturaloutgrowthofboth.NormanInfluence1政府和行政管理方面的词多数来自法语，例如：government（政府），govern（统治），administer（管理），crown（王冠），state（国家），empire（帝国），realm（王国），reign（君主统治），royal（王室的），prerogative（君权），authority（权力），sovereign（君主），majesty（陛下），tyrant（专制统治者),oppress（压迫），court（宫廷），council（地方议会），parliament（国会），assembly（议会），treaty（条约），alliance（联盟），tax（税），subsidy（补贴金），revenue（税收），mayor（市长)法律方面的词更是大部分来自法语，例如：justice（正义），equity（公平）；judgement（审判NormanInfluence1MostlawwordscomefromFrench，eg：justice（正义），equity（公平）；judgement（审判),crime（罪行），plea（抗辩），suit（诉讼），plaintiff（原告），defendant（被告），judge（法官），advocate（辩护者），attorney（律师）NormanInfluence1AftertheNormanConquest,systemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.BythetimewhenEnglandenteredintofeudalsociety,thesocietywasdividedintotwoclasses:andlandlordspeasantsfeudal72GeneralIntroductionThebeginningofMiddleEnglishtheNormanConquestoftheislandin1066.GeneralIntroductionTwoperiodstheOldEnglishandtheMiddleEnglisharesharplydistinguishedfromeachotherasaresultoftheNormanConquestoftheislandin1066.OldEnglishLiteratureFromabout450to1066(theAnglo-SaxonPeriod)TheAnglo-Saxonlanguage:thebasisofModernEnglishMiddleEnglishLiterature1066A.D.-about1500A.D.Beowulf-the first English national epicGeneralIntroductionTwoperiodstheOldEnglishandtheMiddleEnglisharesharplydistinguishedfromeachotherasaresultoftheNormanConquestoftheislandin1066.WhowereNormans?TheNormanswereoriginallyVikings,whohadmovedtonorthFranceinaboutAD900.WhoweretheVikings?TheVikingpeoplecamefromthreecountriesofScandinavia:Denmark,NorwayandSweden.TheywerealsoknownastheNorsepeople.Theyweremostlyfarmers,butsomeworkedascraftsmenortraders.MapoftheVikingraidsYellowlines:theroutesoftheDanishVikingssouthtoEngland,Germany,France,Spain,andthenorthwesternMediterraneancoast.Whitelines:theNorwegianVikingsRedlines:theroutesoftheSwedishVikingsVikingSoldiersVikingRaidBy878theVikingshadconqueredallofEnglandexceptWessex.WessexremainedAnglo-SaxonasKingAlfredofWessexdefeatedtheVikingsinbattle.Gradually,theareasofEnglandunderVikingrulewerereconqueredbyAlfredsdescendants.Anglo-NormansDukeWilliamofNormandysetsailacrosstheEnglishChannelon28thSeptember1066.Windsor CastleManycastleswerebuilt,includingWindsorCastleandtheWhiteTower,thefirstbuildingintheTowerofLondoncomplex.Windsor CastleManycastleswerebuilt,includingWindsorCastleandtheWhiteTower,thefirstbuildingintheTowerofLondoncomplex.Windsor CastleThe White Tower 1Manycastleswerebuilt,includingtheWhiteTower,thefirstbuildingintheTowerofLondoncomplex.The White Tower 1Manycastleswerebuilt,includingtheWhiteTower,thefirstbuildingintheTowerofLondoncomplex.The White Tower 1Manycastleswerebuilt,includingtheWhiteTower,thefirstbuildingintheTowerofLondoncomplex.TheTowerofLondonTheTowerofLondonTowerBridgeKeyAuthorGeoffrey ChaucerThe Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集坎特伯雷故事集EndoftheMedievalAge1485accessionofHenryVII亨利七世Tudor dynasty95LiteraryStatusnFatherofEnglishPoetry“-JohnDryden1700John DrydenAssignment10(10)IntroduceGeoffreyChaucerandhisworksAssignment11(10)Retellthestoryof“Sir Gawain&the Green Knight”fromthelegendofKingArthur
展开阅读全文