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考点清单考点清单考点一考点一介词介词一、方位介词1.图解方位介词Theflagisbeyondthemountain.Itisbeyondmyreach/notwithinmyreach.考点清单考点一介词1Thelittlemouseisunderthetable,soitisnoteasytofindit.那只小老鼠在桌子底下,因此不容易找到它。TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,acrossdeserts,overmountains,throughvalleys,tillatlastitreachesthesea.长城从西向东越过沙漠,跨过高山,穿过深谷,蜿蜒而行,最后直抵大海。题组训练用介词完成句子Thesunlightcameinthrough(穿过)thewindowsintheroofandlitupthewholeroom.Whoistheboybeside(在旁边)you?Hedivedbelow(到下面)thesurfaceofthewater.Thelittlemouseisunderthe2among用于三者或三者以上之间Illhavetosearchamongthepa-perstofindit.我必须查找这些文件以找到它。Chinaisamongtheoldestcoun-triesintheworld.中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。between一般用于两者之间Isatbetweentwogirls.我坐在两个女孩中间。2.among,betweenamong用于三者或三者以上之间Illhavetos3注意在下列情况中,between可用于三者或三者以上:(1)当两个以上的人或物用and连接时。betweenA,BandC在A、B和C之间(2)表示三者或三者以上的人或物两两之间的关系时。Donteatbetweenmeals.正餐之间不要吃零食。(3)表示“通过共同努力,一起”时。Betweenthemtheylandedthefish.他们齐心协力把鱼拖上了岸。(4)在divide,share等表示“分享”之类的动词之后,若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时,用among和between均可。Hedividedhismoneyamong/betweenhisfivesons.他把钱分给了他的5个儿子。注意在下列情况中,between可用于三者或三者以4题组训练用介词between,among填空Somestudentsoftenlistentomusicbetweenclassestorefreshthem-selves.Eventhoughthereisacommonspiritamongallmusicgroups,theymakeverydifferentmusic.3.in,on二者均可表示“在上”,描述两个物体的接触情况。on侧重于表面接触,而in侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些习惯表达常用in或on。若打击某人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时,用in,而打击头、额头、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时,用on。表示树本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等“在树上”,用onthetree,但表示树本身以外的人或动物“在树上”,用inthetree,意指被枝叶遮掩其中。题组训练用介词between,among填空5Wefoundasquareholeinthewall.我们发现墙上有个方洞。Theteacherpattedtheboyontheheadandcomfortedhim.老师轻轻拍着那个男孩儿的头安慰他。Therearelotsofapplesonthetree.树上有很多苹果。题组训练用介词in,on填空Thereisamapoftheworldonthewall.Birdsaresinginginthetree.Theangrymanhittheyoungwomanintheface.Wefoundasquareholeinthe6across强调从物体的表面穿过,意为“fromonesidetotheothersideof(sth.)”through表示从物体的内部通过4.across,through【比较】across强调从物体的表面穿过,意为“fromones7此外,across与静态动词连用时表示“在(街、河等)对面”或“在(身体某部位)上”。Theschoolisacrosstheriver.学校在河的对岸。Hehasagiantscaracrosshischest.他胸前有块巨大的伤疤。题组训练用介词across,through填空HeisbikingacrossEurope,survivingonlyondiscarded(被丢弃的)food.Myhouseisjustacrossthestreet.Waterwillbepumpedthroughapipe.此外,across与静态动词连用时表示“在(街、河等)对面”85.over,above;under,below(1)over和above都有“在之上”的意思,但over往往表示“在的正上方”,其反义词为under,而above往往表示“在的斜上方”,其反义词为below。over还可表示“(部分或全部覆盖)在上面”。Youcantwearabluejacketoverthatshirt.Itlllookterrible.你不能把一件蓝夹克穿在那件衬衫外面。那将会很难看。注意(1)over和above还都可以表示“(在数量上)多于”的意思,但above一般用于表示与“最低限度”或“标准”有关的事物,而over则表示“多于”,相当于morethan,其反义词是under(=lessthan)。1,000metersabovesealevel海拔1,000米twodegreesabovezero零上2度5.over,above;under,below9Hesoverfifty.他已年过半百。Itsunderamilefromheretothepostoffice.从这里到邮局不足一英里。(2)above表示“(级别、地位、重要性等)高于”,over则表示“能控制、有权威”等。Healwaysputshisstudentsaboveeverything.他总是把自己的学生置于一切事情之上。Hehaslittlecontroloverhisemotions.他几乎不能控制自己的感情。题组训练用介词完成句子Shesbeenhereforovertwohours.她在这里已超过两个小时了。Hesoverfifty.他已年过半百。10Sinceweallliveunderoneroof,weshouldlearnhowtogetalongwithoneanother.既然我们都住在一个屋檐下,我们就应该学会彼此如何相处。Heisaboveaverageintelligence.他的智力在一般水平以上。6.in,on,to,offin表示在某范围之内NingboisintheeastofZhejiangProvince.宁波在浙江省的东部。on强调“毗邻”“接壤”Mongoliais/liesonthenorthofChina.蒙古在/位于中国的北边。to强调在某范围之外,不接壤JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国的东边。off强调两地之间有一小段距离Thehouseisoffthemainroad.那座房子在主路的旁边。Sinceweallliveunder11题组训练用介词in,to,off,on填空XinjiangistothenorthwestofZhejiangwhileAnhuiisonthewestofZhejiang.BeijingliesinthenorthofChina.TheWellHotelstandsinaquietplaceoffthemainroadatthefarendofthelake.二、时间介词1.at,in,on(1)at的用法1)表示时间点、时刻等,如:at12:00,atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,atdawn/daybreak,atsunrise/sunset,atdusk。题组训练用介词in,to,off,on填空122)表示较短暂的一段时间,可指某个节日或一年中被认为是具有标志意义的日子,如:atChristmas。(2)in的用法表示在某段较长的时间内(如:世纪、朝代、年代、月份)及泛指上午、下午或傍晚等,如:inthe1980s/1980s,intheQingDynasty,inOctober,inthemorning/afternoon/evening。(3)on的用法1)用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如:某日、某节日、星期几等),如:onOctober1st,onarainyday,onNationalDay等。2)用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上,如:onChristmasEve,onthemorningofJanuary3rd,ontheafternoonofhisarrival等。3)准时,按时:ontime。2)表示较短暂的一段时间,可指某个节日或一年中被认为是具有标13在星期天上午onSundaymorning(s)在上午9点at9oclockinthemorning在儿童节onChildrensDay在19世纪20年代inthe1820s/1820s2.in,afterMyfatherwillbebackinthreedays.我父亲将在3天以后回来。in表示时间时,in表示“在之内”。有时in可以表示“在之后”,但必须具备两个条件:所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来;后面必须是一段时间after意为“在之后”。通常“after+时间段”用于一般过去时,“after+时间点”与一般将来时连用题组训练翻译下列词组在星期天上午onSundaymorning(s)14Myfatherwillbebackafterthreeoclock.我父亲将在3点后回来。题组训练用in,after填空Itwillbefinishedinanhour.HelefthomeafterChristmasandreturnedafterafewdays.3.for,from,sincefor后接时间段,表示行为或状态持续了多久;from后接时间点,表示行为或状态的起始点,而不涉及其持续时间的长短;since后接时间点,不仅表示行为或状态的起始点,而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻,因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用。Mr.Brownenjoyedthecountrylifeandlivedthereforalmostfifteenyearsaf-terhisretirement.Myfatherwillbebackaftert15布朗先生喜欢乡村生活,退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。Myyoungersisterbegantolearndancefromtheageoffive.我的妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。Tomhasbeendoinghishomeworksincesevenoclock.汤姆从7点开始就一直在做他的家庭作业。题组训练用for,from,since填空TheconferencewillbeheldfromMondaytoFriday.Wehavelivedinthedistrictsincewecameherein2005.Themeetinglastedforthreehoursyesterday.布朗先生喜欢乡村生活,退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。164.during,through,over(1)during的用法during指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次,或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过,起止时间比较明显。Heoftenfallsasleepduringtheclass.他常常在课堂上睡着。Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.夏季他每天都游泳。(2)through的用法through意为:直至,一直到(所指时间包括在内)。WellbeinNewYorkTuesdaythroughFriday.我们从星期二到星期五将一直待在纽约。4.during,through,over17Letsdiscussitoverlunch.IonlysawheronceduringmystayinRome.TheywillbeinLondonfromMarch24throughMay7.5.before,by,till,until(1)before的用法before:早于;在之前。题组训练用during,through,over填空(3)over的用法over意为:在期间。Wehadapleasantchatoveracupoftea.我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。Letsdiscussitoverlun18Thenewroadwillbecompletedbeforetheendoftheyear.这条新道路将在年底以前建成。(2)by的用法1)表示“不迟于,在(某时)前”。Allofyouaretoarriveatschoolbysevenoclock.你们所有人要在7点钟前到校。2)表示“在期间,在时间内”。Heworkedbynightandsleptbyday.他晚上工作,白天睡觉。(3)until和till的用法1)until是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和延续性动词连用,表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间为止;在否定句中和非延续性动词连用,表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始。Thenewroadwillbecomplete19题组训练用before,by,until填空Wellhavefinishedtheworkbytenoclocktomorrow.Iusuallytakeabathbeforehavingbreakfast.Hedidntgotobeduntilhisfathercameback.Ishallwaituntiltenoclock.我将等到10点钟。Ididntgotosleepuntilmidnight.直到半夜我才睡觉。2)till的意义与until的相同。Heworksfrommorningtillnight,dayafterday.他日复一日从早到晚地工作。题组训练用before,by,until填空Ishall20by(1)表示交通方式,但不涉及交通工具的名词前用by,名词前不带冠词。如:bysea,bywater,byland,byair等(2)涉及交通工具的名词前用by,但名词需用单数,其前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如:bybike,bytaxi,byplane,byship/boat,bytrain,byspaceship等in/on当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时,用on或in。此时,名词前应有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如:traveltoNewYorkinhiscar,gotoschoolonmybike等三、表工具、手段、方式的介词1.by,in/on注意:步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如:onfoot,onhorseback/onahorse,onacamel等by(1)表示交通方式,但不涉及交通工具的名词前用by,名词21题组训练同义句转换HewenttoBeijingbycar.HewenttoBeijinginhis/acar.Iprefertotravelbyship.Iprefertotravelbywater/sea.2.with,by,in(1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词或形容词性物主代词等修饰。Theyarediggingwithapick/spade.他们正在用一把镐/铲挖。题组训练同义句转换22Weseewithoureyes,hearwithourears,andwalkwithourlegs.我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听,用腿走路。(2)by指使用方法、手段;in指使用某种语言或材料等。Whydontwegotherebycarinstead?我们为什么不坐汽车去那儿呢?PleaseanswermeinEnglish.请用英语回答我。Theartistwroteinink/pencil(=withapen/apencil).那位艺术家用钢笔/铅笔写字。(3)注意以下固定短语:用这/那种方式Weseewithoureyes,hearwith23Thisformistobefilledininink.Thistoyisnotmachine-made.Itismadebyhand.Heknockedtheappledownwithalongpole.四、表原因的介词1.with多用于表示情绪的形容词或表示身体动作或状态的动词之后,表示某种心理或状态的原因。2.for多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及reason,famous等词连用。3.from常接抽象名词,表示自然或间接原因。4.of用于某些形容词后,后接与感情相关的人或事。5.over表示因为某事。题组训练用with,by,in填空Thisformistobefilledin24Herfacewentredwithanger.她气得脸都红了。TheWestLakeisfamousforitsscenery.西湖因它的景色而闻名。Shefeltsickfromtiredness.她因疲劳而感到不舒服。Mr.Smithisproudofhishonesty.史密斯先生因他的诚实而骄傲。Shewasexcitedovertheouting.她因为短途旅行的事而非常兴奋。Herfacewentredwithanger.她25against表示“反对”,此外,还有“靠着”“违背”“衬托”“对不利”之意for支持,赞成五、表示支持、反对的介词Areyoufororagainstthenewroadscheme?你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对?Shewasforcedtomarryagainstherwill.她被迫违心地嫁了人。Thatsagainstthelaw.那是违法的。Theskiersredclothesstoodoutclearlyagainstthesnow.滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。against表示“反对”,此外,还有“靠着”“违背”“衬26题组训练用against,for填空Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersareagainstit.Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisbackagainstabigtree.Mostofthestudentsintheschoolareforthepolicy.六、其他常考介词1.besides,except,otherthan的区别(1)用于否定句时,besides与except可相互替换。Nootherstudentspassedthedifficultmathsexamexcept/besidesLinTaoandWuDong.除林涛、吴东外没有别的学生通过这次难的数学考试。题组训练用against,for填空六、其他常考介词27(2)except,besides用于肯定句时的区别1)except意为:除之外。WeallpassedtheexamexceptTom.除汤姆外,我们都通过了考试。注意当except用于句首时,后面往往要加上for。Exceptforthis,everythingisingoodorder.=Everythingisingoodorderexceptthis.除此之外,一切正常。2)besides意为:除之外(还)。Wehavelotsofthingsincommonbesidesmusic.除了音乐之外,我们还有很多共同点。(2)except,besides用于肯定句时的区别28注意besides在句中的位置较灵活,可放在句首,亦可放在句中;而except多放在句中。此外,except前几乎总有all,any,every,no等。Heansweredallthequestionsexceptthelastone.除最后一个问题外,其余所有问题他都回答了。Ihaveafewfriendsbesidesyou.除了你之外,我还有几个朋友。(3)except和otherthan后都可接名词、代词、动名词,可以互换;但except后接介词短语、when从句等时,otherthan不可替换except。Thewindowisneveropenedexceptinsummer.除夏季外,这扇窗户从不打开。(介词短语)HehasalwaysbeenbusyexceptwhenitisSunday.除星期日外,他总是很忙。(when从句)注意besides在句中的位置较灵活,可放在句首,亦可放在29注意besides还可用作副词,意为“况且,此外,也”与inaddition,also,moreover,furthermore同义。Idontwanttogo;besides,Iamtootired.我不想去。况且我太累了。Thisismybestsuit;besides,Ihavetwoothers.这是我最好的一套衣服,此外我还有两套。题组训练用except,besides填空Iknownothingabouttheyoungladyexcepthername.Idontmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore.Besides,thewalkdoesmegood.2.形容词后的for与to英语中经常遇见一些形容词与介词for或to搭配。这种搭配非常灵活,现将几种常见的搭配情况简述如下:注意besides还可用作副词,意为“况且,此外,也”与i30(1)当形容词被副词too或enough修饰时,其后只能用for。Theshirtistoolargeforme.这件衬衫对于我来说太大了。(2)当侧重于与别人比较,有“对而言”之意时,常用for。Chineseisverydifficultforme.Icantlearnit.中文对于我来说很难,我学不会。(3)当表示主观看法或感觉,有“在看来”之意时,常用to。Chineseisverydifficulttome,butIlltrymybesttolearnit.在我看来中文很难,但是我会尽全力学习它的。(1)当形容词被副词too或enough修饰时,其后只能用f31题组训练介词填空Thesemathproblemsaretoodifficultforme.Thehouseisbigenoughforustwo.Thelanguagetaskisreallydifficulttoabeginner.3.with的用法(1)表示“和在一起,和,同,跟”。Mr.andMrs.Smithwerethere,withtheirthreeyoungchildren.史密斯夫妇和他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿。Wouldyouliketogotothetheatrewithus?你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗?题组训练介词填空32YoucannotseeMr.Johnsonatthemoment,asheiswiththemanager.你此刻见不到约翰逊先生,因为他和经理在一起。(2)表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进,意为“随着”。Withtimepassingby,theyhavegrownintobigboysandbiggirls.随着时间的流逝,他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。Temperaturesvarywiththetimeoftheyear.温度随着时节变化。(3)表示“带有”,表伴随。Thewaiterarrivedwithacupofcoffee.服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。YoucannotseeMr.Johnsonatt33Itisverystuffyintheroom,withallthewindowsclosed.由于所有窗户都关着,房间里非常闷热。Shewasshiveringwithcold.她冷得直发抖。Thesmallchildtrembledwithfear.那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。题组训练介词填空Withproductionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.Withtheteacherhelpingus,wefinishedthetask.(4)指原因或理由。Itisverystuffyintheroom,34表示“不迟于(某时间)”Wehavetoreachhomebytenoclock.我们得在10点钟之前到家。表示“在期间(一段指明的时间)”Theydecidedtotravelbynight.他们决定在夜间旅行。表示触及或抓住人体或物体的某一部分Heseizedmebythearm.他抓住了我的胳膊。表示“由于”Hesucceededbyhardwork.他由于努力工作而成功了。表示“以的幅度,差”Thisoneisshorterthantheotherbythreeinches.这一个比另一个短三英寸。4.by的用法表示“不迟于(某时间)”Wehavetoreachh35表示买卖东西按以计算的数或量,或付酬按以计算的时间Milkissoldbythepint,butterbythepound,andeggsbythedozen.牛奶按品脱卖,黄油按磅卖,鸡蛋按打卖。表示“按照”或“根据”Bymywatch,thetimeishalfpasteleven.按我的表,时间是十一点半。题组训练翻译下列句子Canyoufinishtheworkbyfiveoclock?你能在5点钟以前完成这项工作吗?Thebulletmissedhimbytwoinches.那颗子弹差两英寸就打中他了。Wesellicecreamsbythethousandinsummer.我们在夏天出售的冰激凌数以千计。表示买卖东西按以计算的数或量,或付酬按以计算的时间Milk365.beyond的用法(1)表示“(时间)过了,晚于,迟于”。Theyarrivedbeyondnineoclock.他们过了9点才到。Hedelayedthematterbeyondthefixedtime.他把那件事拖过了规定的时间。(2)表示“(位置)在的那边,在以外”。Thesmallvillageis20milesbeyondthetown.那个小村庄在离城镇20英里以外的地方。Thevillageisbeyondthemountain.那个村庄在山的那边。Thesestudentscamefrombeyondtheseas.这些学生来自海外。5.beyond的用法37(3)表示“(范围)超过,为所不及”。Thisbookisbeyondme.我看不懂这本书。Heislivingbeyondhisincome.他的生活入不敷出。Goodhealthisbeyondprice.健康的身体是无价之宝。题组训练介词填空Sorry,Madam.Youdbettercometomorrowbecauseitsbeyondthevisitinghours.(3)表示“(范围)超过,为所不及”。386.about,on,ofHewroteonmathematics.他撰写数学著作。Hewroteabouttheschool.他编写有关这所学校的情况。Itisabookonbirds.那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)Itisabookaboutbirds.那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)Iknowofhim.我对他有所了解。(只是大致了解)about指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通on指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较严肃ofof和about语义差不多,但是在与tell,read,know,think等动词连用时,of侧重于粗略涉及,而about涉及的情况则详细得多6.about,on,ofHewroteonmathe39七、常考介词短语1.介词与名词的常用搭配(1)at+n.表示状态ataloss不知所措atbreakfast早餐时atpeace处于和平中atrest静止,不动atsea在海上atwar在战争中atwork在工作(2)at+n.表示时间atChristmas在圣诞节atdusk在黄昏atdawn在黎明atdaybreak在拂晓atmidnight在午夜atnight在晚上七、常考介词短语40atnoon在中午atpresent目前atsunrise日出时(3)以at开头组成的短语atthebeginningof在的开始atthecostof以的代价attheendof在的尽头atthefootof在脚下atthemercyof在支配下;任由摆布atthepriceof以的价格attheriskof冒的危险atthesightof一看到就atnoon在中午atpresent目前41(4)on+n.表示状态onatrip/journey/tour在旅行ondisplay陈列onduty/guard在值班/警戒中onexhibition在展出onfire着火onholiday/vacation在度假online在运行,在线onsale出售;打折onshow在展出onthedecrease在减少onthego在忙碌中ontheincrease在增加onthemarch在行进中ontheway在途中ontrial在受审(5)以on开头的介词短语onaccountof因为onbehalfof代表onconditionthat在的条件下,如果(4)on+n.表示状态42onnoaccount/condition/occasion决不onthebasisof以为基础ontheoccasionof在时(6)by+n.表示方式byair/plane乘飞机byforce用暴力byhand用手工bytheday按天算bytelegraph以电报形式byweight/volume/size/number按重量/体积/大小/数量(7)in+n.表示方式incash用现金付款indetail详细地inEnglish用英语inink用墨水onnoaccount/condition/occasi43(8)in+n.表示状态inanger生气地inbattle在战斗中inbed在床上incomfort舒适地indanger处于危险中indebt负债indelight高兴地indespair绝望地indifficulty处于困难中indoubt不确定,拿不准infear在恐惧中inhighspirits情绪高昂地inneed需要帮助inorder就绪inpeace平静地;和平地inpractice在实践中inprint已出版inprison在狱中inpublic公开地inrags穿着破烂inruins破败不堪insecret秘密地(8)in+n.表示状态44insilence默不作声inspace在太空中insurprise惊奇地introuble在困难中inuse在使用中inview看得见inwonder惊奇地(9)以in开头构成的介词短语inthefaceof面对inadditionto除以外(还)incaseof万一;如果;假如incelebrationof为庆祝inchargeof掌管inconsequenceof由于incontrastto与相比incontrolof管理;控制;操纵inexchangefor作为交换infavorof支持;赞成infearof害怕insilence默不作声inspace在太空中45infrontof在前面(外部)inhonourof为向表示敬意inmemoryof为了纪念inneedof需要innocase决不innotime立刻innoway决不inplaceof代替inpossessionof拥有,占有inpraiseof表扬inpreparationfor为做准备inrespectof关于inresponseto作为回应inreturn作为回报inspiteof尽管insupportof为支持 inthechargeof在的管理下inthedirectionof在方向inthefrontof在前面(内部)inthehabitof有习惯inthehopeof抱着的希望infrontof在前面(外部)46inthemiddleof在中间(10)of+n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)ofbenefit有益处的ofhelp有帮助的ofimportance重要的ofinterest有趣的ofsignificance有意义的ofuse有用的ofvalue有价值的(11)outof+n.表示状态outofbalance失去平衡outofbreath上气不接下气outofbusiness停业,歇业outofcontrol不受控制outofdanger脱离危险outofdate过期outofdebt不欠债outoffashion不流行outofluck不走运outofmind发狂inthemiddleof在中间47outofoffice在野outoforder出故障outofpatience不耐烦outofseason过季outofshape走样,不成形outofsight看不到outofthequestion不可能outofquestion毫无疑问outoftrouble摆脱困难outofwork失业(12)under+n.表示被动underattack遭到袭击underconsideration在考虑中underconstruction在建造中undercontrol处于控制之中underdiscussion在讨论中underpressure在压力下underrepair在修理中undertreatment在治疗中underway在进行中outofoffice在野outoforder出48(13)以under开头的短语underthecommandof在的统帅之下undertheinfluenceof在的影响下undertheprotectionof在的庇护下(14)with+n.表示方式withanger生气地withconfidence有信心地withcourage英勇地withdelight/joy高兴地withdifficulty困难地withease轻而易举地withfear害怕地withinterest有兴趣地withpleasure乐意地withpride骄傲地withsatisfaction满意地withsuccess成功地withkindness亲切地(13)以under开头的短语49(15)beyond+n.表示“超出,难以”beyondcompare无与伦比beyondcomprehension难以理解beyondcontrol失控beyonddescription难以描述beyonddoubt不用怀疑,确实beyondexpression难以表达beyondmeasure非常;极其beyondquestion无可争辩;毋庸置疑beyondreach够不到beyondwords难以表达beyondoneswildestdreams做梦都没想到,远远出乎所料2.形容词与介词的常用搭配(1)adj.+aboutbeanxiousabout忧虑becarefulabout小心(15)beyond+n.表示“超出,难以”50beconcernedabout担心becuriousabout对好奇beexcitedabout对感到兴奋beparticularabout对讲究/挑剔beseriousabout对认真besorryabout对感到抱歉besureabout对有把握beupsetabout对感到失望beworriedabout对担心(2)adj.+atbeangryat恼怒于beastonishedat对吃惊beconcernedabout担心51bebadat不擅长bedelightedat因而高兴bedisappointedat对失望begoodat擅长beskilledat在方面很熟练besurprisedat对吃惊(3)adj.+inbeabsorbedin专注于beconfidentin对有信心bediligentin勤于beengagedin忙于beexcellentin在方面优秀bebadat不擅长52beexperiencedin在方面有经验beexpertin擅长beinterestedin对感兴趣beinvolvedin包括在中,被卷入belackingin缺乏beoccupiedin忙于berichin富有beslowin迟迟不besuccessfulin在成功beweakin不擅长(4)adj.+forbeanxiousfor为担心beexperiencedin在方面有经验53beeagerfor渴望befamousfor因著名befitfor适合;胜任begoodfor对有益behungryfor渴望得到;渴求belatefor迟到bepreparedfor为做好准备bereadyfor准备好besorryfor对感到抱歉bethankfulfor因而感激beunfitfor不适合;不胜任beeagerfor渴望54(5)adj.+frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于befarfrom远离befreefrom不受影响besafefrom免受的伤害(6)adj.+tobeblindto对视而不见becloseto接近becontraryto与相反bedeafto对充耳不闻bedevotedto致力于(5)adj.+from55beequalto等于befairto对公平befamiliarto对来说熟悉befriendlyto对友好begoodto对好begratefulto对心存感激beharmfulto对有危害beimportantto对重要bekindto对友好beknownto为所知bemarriedto与结婚beequalto等于56benecessaryto对有必要beopposedto反对beoppositeto与对立bepoliteto对有礼貌berudeto对无礼besimilarto与相似bethankfulto感激beusefulto对有用be/getusedto习惯于(7)adj.+ofbeafraidof害怕beashamedof为感到羞耻beawareof意识到becapableof能够benecessaryto对有必要57becomposedof由组成befondof喜欢befullof充满beproudof因而自豪beshortof短缺besure/certainof坚信,确信betiredof厌烦beworthyof值得be/getridof除去;摆脱(8)adj.+withbyangrywith(sb.)对(某人)发怒bebusywith忙于becomposedof由组成58becombinedwith与结合beconcernedwith与有关;涉及;关心;关注beconnectedwith与有关becontentwith对满意becoveredwith被覆盖becrowdedwith挤满befamiliarwith对熟悉befilledwith充满bepatientwith对有耐心bepleasedwith对感到满意bepopularwith受的欢迎besatisfiedwith对满意becombinedwith与结合59besickwith患病3.其他常用短语accordingto根据togetherwith连同becauseof因为butfor要不是nextto在隔壁owingto因为upto直到byaccident偶然bychance偶然bycoincidence碰巧bymistake错误地bynature天生地bymeansof借助于bywayof经由;经过(某地)forfearof唯恐forthegoodof为了的利益forlackof因为缺乏forthepurposeof为了forlife一生,终身forthesakeof为了起见besickwith患病60考点二考点二动词短语动词短语1.add(add.to.,addto,addup,addupto)add.to.把加到上Ifyouadd5to5,youllget10.5加5得10。addto添加;增加Theballoonsaddedtothefestiveatmosphere.气球增加了节日的气氛。addup加Addupthenumbers,andyouwillget1,155.把这些数字加起来,你会得到1,155。addupto合计达到,后面多为合计起来的数目,不用于被动语态Hiswholeschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.他所有的学校教育加起来不超过一年。考点二动词短语add.to.把加到上612.agree(agreewith,agreeto,agreeon)3.break(breakawayfrom,breakdown,breakinto,breakinon,breakout,breakup,breakoff,breakthrough)agreewith(1)“赞成,同意”,指同意某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等,后可以跟what引导的从句(2)notagreewithsb.表示“(某种食物)不对某人胃口”Idontagreewithyou.我不同意你的意见。Iagreewithwhatyousaid.我同意你说的。Greenpeppersdontagreewithme.我吃青椒会不舒服。agreeto表示同意建议(suggestion)、安排(arrangement)、计划(plan)等Theyfinallyagreedtotheplan.他们最终同意了这个计划。agreeon(经过协商)就取得一致意见或达成协议Thetwopartsagreedonthetimeofthemeeting.双方在会议的时间上达成了一致的意见。2.agree(agreewith,agreeto,62(1)HedecidedtobreakawayfromtheParty.脱离Theprisonerbrokeawayfromhisguards.突然挣脱(2)Thepeacetalkshavebrokendown.失败Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.(=becameverybad)被搞垮,垮掉Chemicalsinthebodybreakdownourfoodintousefulsubstances.分解Thetelephonesystemhasbrokendown.(机器或车辆等)出故障,坏掉(3)Thethievesplannedtobreakintoabank.强行闯入(4)Pleasedontbreakinonourconversation.(=interruptordisturb)打断,搅扰(5)TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember1939.爆发(6)Aftermidnight,thepartybrokeup.解散(7)Hebrokeoffinthemiddleofasentence.停顿,中断(1)Hedecidedtobreakawayfr63(8)Ourtroopshadlittledifficultyinbreakingthroughthelinesoftheenemy.突破4.bring(bringabout,bringdown,bringin,bringon,bringout,bringup,bringforward)(1)Theonlywaytheycanbringabout(=cause)politicalchangeisbyputtingpressureonthecountry.引起,造成(2)Thescandalmaybringdownthegovernment打垮,击败bringdownprices降低(价格)(3)Thesalebroughtinover$200.赚得(4)Dirtoftenbringsondisease.引起,导致Thefineweatherisbringingthecropsonnicely.促使(作物、水果等)成长(5)Canyoumakeasentencetobringoutthemeaningofthephrase?阐明(8)Ourtroopshadlittlediffi64(6)JoewasborninTexasbutbroughtupinOklahoma.抚养Hewassoillthathebroughtupeverything.呕吐(7)Pleasebringforwardthematteratthenextmeeting.提出TheyhavebroughtthemeetingforwardtonextMonday.将(的日期或时间)提前5.call(callfor,callinon/at,callin,calloff,callupon,callon,callout,callup)(1)Thetroublecallsforquickactionbythegovernment.需要Theworkersarecallingforbetterpay.要求(2)Iformedthehabitofcalling(=dropping)inonhim/calling(=dropping)inathisofficeintheafternoon.顺便拜访(6)JoewasborninTexasbutb65(3)Yourfatherisill.Youshouldcallinadoctoratonce.召来,叫来(服务)Thearmywascalledintocutthroughfallentreesandtohelpcleartheroadsandpaths.召集(4)Theyvecalledoffthegamebecauseofthethickfog.取消(5)Hecalleduponmetospeakimmediatelyafterhim.请/叫(某人做某事)(6)Icalledonthepeopleofthiscountrytoworkhardfornationalunity.号召(7)Theinjuredsoldierscalledoutinpain.喊,叫(8)Thesoundofhappylaughtercalledupmemoriesofhischildhood.使想起,使回忆起(3)Yourfatherisill.Youshou66careabout关心;在意Weshouldcareaboutthestu-dentswhoarenotgoodattheirlessons.我们应该关心那些学习不好的学生。carefor非常喜欢;照看Hecaresforher.他非常喜欢她。Whowillcareforyourchildifyouareout?如果你们不在家,谁照顾你们的孩子?6.care(careabout,carefo
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