被动语态复习

被动语态复习一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。二、各种时态的被动语态构成1）一般现在时：You are required to do this.2）一般过去时：The story was told by her.3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4）现在进行时：The question is being discussed in the meeting room.5）过去进行时：The new road was being made.6）现在完成时：The novel has been read.7)情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.1.They make shoes in that factory.三、主动语态变被动语态Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）+am/is/are +过去分词2.Theybought ten computerslast termTen computerswere bought(by them)last term.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词3Ling Feng can takegood care ofPolly Polly can be taken good care ofby Ling Feng .情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词4.Theywill finishthe workin ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词5.Some workers are paintingthe roomsnowThe rooms are being paintedby some workers now.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词6We have made twenty more keys Twenty more keyshave been made by us.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词四、何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：My bike was stolen 我的自行车被盗了。三、汉语中含有三、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有有人说人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that 四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao 魏华是被林涛叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，1989 六、表示礼貌时。例如：You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00pmtomorrow敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become 等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】The shirt fits him very well【误】He is fitted very well by the shirt2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：【正】Look at the blackboard，please【误】The blackboard is looked at by you 3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】He joined the League in 1998【误】The League was joined by him in 19984.由由“动词名词动词名词”构成的英语习语（如构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place 等）等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：一般不可改为被动语态。例如：【正】The boy make faces in class【误】Faces are made by the boy in classGreat changes have taken place in Jinan since last year.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】You must look after yourself【误】Yourself must be looked afterPractice先将主先将主动动句改句改为为被被动动句，再把句，再把被被动动句句变为变为一般疑一般疑问问句与否定句与否定句句1People grow wheat in North China2They bought ten computers last term3Some workers are paintingthe classrooms now4We have madetwenty more beds5Ling Feng can takegood care of Polly.6I was doingmy homework at 8：00 last night 一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？Uncle Li lent us the boat last week（变被动）We were lent the boat by Uncle Li last weekThe boat was lent to us by Uncle Li last week（加上了to，有的也加for）Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by my mother.间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的动词有make，draw，buy等。二、二、My parents made me waterall these young trees（变被动）I was made to water all these young trees by my parents（加上了to）这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listen to，let，make，have，see，notice，look at，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。Exercises1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was foundwas told5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to havecan be used7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were givenweregiven to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was askedis done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mendedmust betaken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talkedby them16.Someone must help me move away the heavy bag.I must _ _ to move away this heavy bag.17.Was the window broken by Tom?（变为主动语态）_ Tom_ the window?be helpedDid break18.The tractor wasnt driven out of the road.He_ _ the tractor out of the road.19.Doesnt Bob clean the street every day?_ the street _ by Bob every day?didnt driveIsnt cleaned20.What can they do to finish the work on time?_ _ _ _ by them to finish the work?What can bedone21.None of the children were made to try the new medicine by the doctor.The doctor _ _ _ _ the _ _ the new medicine.didntmake any ofchildren try将下列句子改为被动语态1We sweep the floor every day 2He does morning exercises every morning3He gave me a book yesterday4The nurses take care of the sick old man5You can take the book out of the reading room6What do the workers use the machine for？7I made him work two hours every day 8Class One will help the farmers tomorrow9We have learned two thousand English words10 We found many students playing football on the playground.将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态1Was the work finished by him yesterday？2He was given a pen by me yesterday3Children should be taken good care of4The trees must be put in the hole by them5The car is not being repaired by her now6.Were the books taken away by the girl?再 见