药品说明书课件

药品说明书阅读、写作与翻译INSTRUCTONS1 1概述点击输入简要文字内容，文字内容需概括精炼，不用多余的文字修饰，言简意赅的说明分项内容点击输入简要文字内容，文字内容需概括精炼，不用多余的文字修饰，言简意赅的说明分项内容点击输入简要文字内容，文字内容需概括精炼，不用多余的文字修饰，言简意赅的说明分项内容1 12 23 32 2第一节 药品说明书基本结构 药品说明书英文表达方式有：n nInstructions，n nDirections，n nDescriptionn n现在多用PackageInsert，或简称Insert，n n也有用Leaflet或DataSheets3 3n n包括下列内容:n n药品名称药品名称(Drugname)(Drugname)n n性状性状(Description)(Description)n n药理作用药理作用(PharmacologicalActions)(PharmacologicalActions)n n适应症适应症(Indication)(Indication)n n禁忌症禁忌症(Contraindication)(Contraindication)n n注意事项注意事项(Precaution)(Precaution)n n副作用副作用(Sideeffects)(Sideeffects)n n剂量和用法剂量和用法(Dosageandadministration)(Dosageandadministration)n n包装包装(Packing)(Packing)n n有效期有效期(Expirydate)(Expirydate)n n出厂日期出厂日期(Manufacturingdate)(Manufacturingdate)n n参考文献参考文献(References)(References)4 4药品名称有商品名药品名称有商品名(Tradename)(Tradename)、通用名（通用名（GenericNameGenericName）化学名（化学名（ChemicalNameChemicalName）药品说明书上最常用的名称是商品名。药品说明书上最常用的名称是商品名。有时在商品名之下（或后）又列有通用名或化学名有时在商品名之下（或后）又列有通用名或化学名.例如：例如：RulideRulide（罗力得）之后（罗力得）之后 列有（列有（RoxithromycinRoxithromycin，罗红，罗红霉素）；霉素）；MinipressMinipress（脉宁平）之后列有（脉宁平）之后列有（PraxosinHClPraxosinHCl，盐酸，盐酸哌唑嗪）哌唑嗪）一药品名称(DrugName)5 51.1.商品名商品名(Tradename)(Tradename)n n n n商品名是由生产厂家命名并向该国政府有关部门商品名是由生产厂家命名并向该国政府有关部门(国家食品药品管理局国家食品药品管理局)注册的药品名注册的药品名.商品名右商品名右上角往往有一符号上角往往有一符号,意思是注册商标，是意思是注册商标，是RegisterRegister的缩写。的缩写。n n商品名因厂而异商品名因厂而异,因国而异因国而异,一种药物可以有几一种药物可以有几个个,几十个商品名几十个商品名,因此仅根据商品名很难确定该因此仅根据商品名很难确定该药为何种药物药为何种药物,需要查阅其化学结构需要查阅其化学结构.n n药物说明书一开头药物说明书一开头,除了商品名外除了商品名外,还有时标有还有时标有 “Issued to/for the medical profession“Issued to/for the medical profession only”only”意思为意思为“仅供医学界专业参考仅供医学界专业参考”6 62.2.商品名译法商品名译法 n n药品名称的中文翻译方法有多种，包括音译、意译、药品名称的中文翻译方法有多种，包括音译、意译、音意合译、谐音译以及按药理作用或药物成分翻译。音意合译、谐音译以及按药理作用或药物成分翻译。n na.a.音译音译 PenicilinPenicilin盘尼西林，盘尼西林，Cediland(Cediland(西地兰西地兰),),Persantin(Persantin(潘生丁潘生丁),aspirin(),aspirin(阿司匹林阿司匹林)n nb.b.意译意译 ChlorimycinChlorimycin氯霉素；氯霉素；TetracyclinTetracyclin四环素；四环素；CholicAcidCholicAcid胆酸胆酸n nc.c.音意合译音意合译 MedemycinMedemycin麦迪霉素（麦迪霉素（mycinmycin 霉素）霉素）n nd.d.谐音谐音LegalonLegalon利肝隆，利肝隆，WebilinWebilin胃必灵胃必灵 n ne.e.按药理作用或药物成分翻译按药理作用或药物成分翻译 7 7二药品性状（Description）药品性状：包括药品的外观、理化性质、成分、结药品性状：包括药品的外观、理化性质、成分、结构、特征等。构、特征等。除了用除了用DescriptionDescription外，还常用外，还常用Property/Properties;Property/Properties;Physicalandchemicalproperties;Physicalandchemicalproperties;Characteristics(Characteristics(性状性状)；有些说明书介绍很简单，仅给出化学结构或成分，有些说明书介绍很简单，仅给出化学结构或成分，标题为：标题为：n nChemicalstructure(Chemicalstructure(化学结构化学结构););n nComposition(Composition(成分成分)n nActiveingredients(Activeingredients(有效成分有效成分)等等 8 8此部分结构差异较大，长短不一。此部分结构差异较大，长短不一。介绍药物多用介绍药物多用被动语态被动语态。除了普通性和描述性词汇外，还常涉及到化学除了普通性和描述性词汇外，还常涉及到化学化工词汇。化工词汇。由于是对药物性质的一般描述，故由于是对药物性质的一般描述，故多用一般式多用一般式。1结构特点：9 9Example1DescriptionDescriptionn nBuflomedilBuflomedil Hydrochloride,Hydrochloride,thethe activeactive ingredientingredient ofofIkelan,Ikelan,isisa avasoactivevasoactiveandandnervenerveprotectiveprotectivedrug.drug.TheTheempiricalempiricalformularformularisisC C1717HH2525NONO4 4.HCl,HCl,representingrepresentinga amolecularmolecular weightweight ofof 343.8.343.8.EachEach ampouleampoule ofof IkelanIkelaninjectioninjectioncontainscontains50mg50mgBuflomedilBuflomedilHydrochloride.Hydrochloride.ItItisisa aclear,clear,colorlesscolorlessororlightlightyellowyellowsolution.solution.EachEachfilmfilmcoatedcoatedtablettabletforfororaloraladministrationadministrationcontainscontains150mg150mgoror 300mg300mg ofof BuflomedilBuflomedil Hydrochloride.Hydrochloride.EachEach mlml ofofthethe oraloral solutionsolution dropsdrops containscontains 150mg150mg BuflomedilBuflomedilHydrochloride.Hydrochloride.1010Example2Example2PropertiesPropertiesThisdrugisanangiotensinconvertingenzymeThisdrugisanangiotensinconvertingenzymeinhibitorinhibitor（ACEIACEI）.n nExample3Example3n nDescriptionDescriptionn nKirinSterilePowdercontainsspectinomycinKirinSterilePowdercontainsspectinomycinhydrochloridewhichisanaminocyclitolantibioticshydrochloridewhichisanaminocyclitolantibioticsproducedbyaspeciesofsoilmicroorganismdesignatedproducedbyaspeciesofsoilmicroorganismdesignatedasStreptomycesspectabilisasStreptomycesspectabilis.1111n nExample4Example4n nDescriptionDescription n nFluconazole is a bis-trizole:2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-Fluconazole is a bis-trizole:2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(11,3-bis(1HH-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-2-propanol.It has the-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-2-propanol.It has the following structural formula:(omitted)following structural formula:(omitted)n nFluconazole is a white to off-white crystalline powder Fluconazole is a white to off-white crystalline powder which is sparingly soluble in water and saline.It has a which is sparingly soluble in water and saline.It has a molecular weight of 306.3.Fluconazole is available as molecular weight of 306.3.Fluconazole is available as gelatin capsule containing 50mg,an intravenous gelatin capsule containing 50mg,an intravenous infusion containing Fluconazole 2mg/ml in a saline infusion containing Fluconazole 2mg/ml in a saline solutionsolution.1212n n 例例1 1FolicacidisayellowishtoorangeFolicacidisayellowishtoorange，crystallinecrystallinepowder;odourlessoralmostodourless.powder;odourlessoralmostodourless.n n叶酸是淡黄色至橙色结晶粉沫，无臭或几乎无臭。叶酸是淡黄色至橙色结晶粉沫，无臭或几乎无臭。n n例例2 2Intralipos10%isawhiteopaquefatemulsionforIntralipos10%isawhiteopaquefatemulsionforintravenousinjectionintravenousinjection，containing10W/V%ofpurifiedcontaining10W/V%ofpurifiedsoybeanoil.soybeanoil.n n脂肪乳剂（脂肪乳剂（10%10%）是白色，不透明，供静脉注射用）是白色，不透明，供静脉注射用的脂肪乳剂，含有的脂肪乳剂，含有10%10%（W/VW/V）的精制大豆油。）的精制大豆油。n n 例例3 3UrsosanTablet50mgisawhiteplaintabletwhichUrsosanTablet50mgisawhiteplaintabletwhichcontains50mgofursodeoxycholicacid.contains50mgofursodeoxycholicacid.n n熊去氧胆酸片为白色素片，每片含熊去氧胆酸片为白色素片，每片含50mg50mg熊去氧胆酸。熊去氧胆酸。1313n n例例4 4Sterilepyrogen-freeSterilepyrogen-free，orangeredorangered，freeze-driedfreeze-driedpowderinvialscontaining10mgand50mgofpowderinvialscontaining10mgand50mgofdoxorubicinhydrochloridewithlactose.doxorubicinhydrochloridewithlactose.n n（本品）为小瓶装，灭菌无热原，桔红色冻干粉沫，（本品）为小瓶装，灭菌无热原，桔红色冻干粉沫，每小瓶含有每小瓶含有10mg10mg盐酸阿霉素和盐酸阿霉素和50mg50mg的乳糖。的乳糖。n n例例5 5Itoccursasawhitetooff-whiteItoccursasawhitetooff-white，crystallinesolidcrystallinesolid，poorlysolubleinwaterpoorlysolubleinwater，diluteacidandmostdiluteacidandmostorganicsolvents.organicsolvents.n n本品（炎痛息康）为白色至类白色结晶固体，难溶本品（炎痛息康）为白色至类白色结晶固体，难溶于水、稀酸及大多数有机溶剂中。于水、稀酸及大多数有机溶剂中。1414n n例例6 6PaminePamine，chemicallyknownasepoxytropinechemicallyknownasepoxytropinetropatemethylbromidetropatemethylbromide，hastheempiricalformulahastheempiricalformulaC C1818H H2424NONO4 4Brandthemolecularweight398.3.Brandthemolecularweight398.3.哌明的化学名称为环氧莨菪碱托品酸酯溴代甲烷，哌明的化学名称为环氧莨菪碱托品酸酯溴代甲烷，实验式为实验式为C18H24NO4BrC18H24NO4Br，分子量为，分子量为398.3398.3。n n例例7 7KanendomycinisaverystableantibioticKanendomycinisaverystableantibiotic，anditsanditsactivitydoesnotdecreasewhenthepowderisplacedinactivitydoesnotdecreasewhenthepowderisplacedinanairtightcontainerandkeptatroomtemperaturesforanairtightcontainerandkeptatroomtemperaturesformorethan2years.morethan2years.卡内多霉素是一种很稳定的抗生素，其粉沫置于密卡内多霉素是一种很稳定的抗生素，其粉沫置于密封容器中，在室温下保存二年以上，活性不减。封容器中，在室温下保存二年以上，活性不减。1515n n例例8 8ThisproductispreparedfromunitsofThisproductispreparedfromunitsofhumanplasmawhichhavebeentestedandhumanplasmawhichhavebeentestedandfoundnonreactiveforhepatitisassociatedfoundnonreactiveforhepatitisassociated(Australia)antigen.(Australia)antigen.n n本品由人血浆制备，此血浆业经检验，本品由人血浆制备，此血浆业经检验，并且证明对肝炎（澳大利亚）抗原无反应。并且证明对肝炎（澳大利亚）抗原无反应。16162.常用词语n n(1)性状部分常用词语表达n ncolorcolor颜色颜色tastetaste味道味道n ntastelesstasteless无味无味colorlesscolorless无色无色 n ncrystallinecrystalline结晶的结晶的solubilitysolubility溶解度溶解度n nyellowishyellowish淡黄色淡黄色bitterbitter苦味苦味n nwhitishwhitish微白色的微白色的odourodour气味气味n ngreenishgreenish淡绿色的淡绿色的odourlessodourless无嗅无嗅 n nsterilesterile灭菌，无菌的灭菌，无菌的n norangeredorangered桔红色的桔红色的n npyrogen-freepyrogen-free无热原的无热原的n nsolublesoluble可容的可容的insolubleinsoluble1717n nbrownbrown棕色棕色n nbrownishbrownish浅棕色的浅棕色的n ntransparenttransparent透明的透明的 n nopaqueopaque不透明的不透明的n noff-whiteoff-white类白色类白色 或或 黄白色的黄白色的n nstablestable稳定的稳定的n nmolecularformularinjectionliquidmolecularformularinjectionliquidn nmolecularweightsolutionpowdermolecularweightsolutionpowdern nchemicalstructuretabletsolidchemicalstructuretabletsolid1818(2)(2)表示组成、来源、制备方法的常用表达表示组成、来源、制备方法的常用表达n nconstituentsconstituents组成组成;n nprepareprepare制备制备,n nbederivedfrombederivedfrom由由衍生衍生;n nbeobtainedfrombeobtainedfrom由由制的制的;n nbepreparedfrombepreparedfrom由由制备制备;n nobtainedbyobtainedby由由获得获得;n nconsistofconsistof由由组成组成;n nbecomposedofbecomposedof由由组成组成;n ncontain;have;possesscontain;have;possess有（具有）有（具有）1919三.药理作用(PharmacologicalActions)n n较详细的药品说明书一般要介绍药品的临床药理、体较详细的药品说明书一般要介绍药品的临床药理、体外实验、药效、药物代谢、毒性和毒理作用等。该部外实验、药效、药物代谢、毒性和毒理作用等。该部分常用的标题为：分常用的标题为：n nPharmacologicalActionsPharmacologicalActions药理作用药理作用n nPharmacologyPharmacology药理学药理学n nPharmacologicalPropertiesPharmacologicalProperties药理性质药理性质n nActionsandpropertiesActionsandproperties作用与性质作用与性质n nMechanismofActionMechanismofAction作用机理作用机理n nModeofActionModeofAction作用方式作用方式n nClinicalExperimentsClinicalExperiments临床实验临床实验n nPharmacologyandtoxicologyPharmacologyandtoxicology药理学与毒理学药理学与毒理学n nBiologicalActivityBiologicalActivity生物活性（若为抗生素类药品，常生物活性（若为抗生素类药品，常用之）用之）2020n n有时还列出小标题，例如：n nClinicalPharmacologyn n临床药理学;n nClinicaleffect/usen n临床效果/用途;n nPharmacodynamics药效学;n nPharmacokineticsn n药物代谢动力学。2121n n1 1结构特点结构特点 n n该部分涉及到多学科的词汇，如该部分涉及到多学科的词汇，如 药理学（药效学，药理学（药效学，药物代谢动力学）、生理学、毒理学、化学与微生物药物代谢动力学）、生理学、毒理学、化学与微生物学等专业的词汇，有时较难理解。学等专业的词汇，有时较难理解。n n此外，在本部分还经常遇到一些医学缩略词，如：此外，在本部分还经常遇到一些医学缩略词，如：CNSCNS（中枢神经系统）、（中枢神经系统）、EEGEEG（脑电图）、（脑电图）、LDLD5050（半数（半数致死量）、致死量）、EDED5050（半数有效量）、（半数有效量）、t t1/21/2(半衰期半衰期)等。等。该项该项一般用陈述句一般用陈述句，句子结构有时比较复杂。，句子结构有时比较复杂。2222n nExample 1.Example 1.n nPharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic PropertiesPharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Propertiesn nBuflomedilisaweak,non-specific,calciumantagonistand-Buflomedilisaweak,non-specific,calciumantagonistand-adrenergicreceptorinhibitor.Itimprovesmicrocirculationbyadrenergicreceptorinhibitor.Itimprovesmicrocirculationbyincreasingerythrocyteflexibility,inhibitingplateletaggregation,increasingerythrocyteflexibility,inhibitingplateletaggregation,decreasingvascularresistance.Thedrugalsoimprovestissuedecreasingvascularresistance.ThedrugalsoimprovestissueoxygenationandincreasesATPproduction.oxygenationandincreasesATPproduction.n nTheabsolutebioavailabilityofthedrugrangesfrom50%to80%Theabsolutebioavailabilityofthedrugrangesfrom50%to80%aftertheadministrationofasingleoraldose.Thedegreeofproteinaftertheadministrationofasingleoraldose.ThedegreeofproteinbindingofBuflomedilchangesaccordingtotheserumconcentration.bindingofBuflomedilchangesaccordingtotheserumconcentration.Proteinbindingis81%at0.5mg/L,6l%at5mg/Land25%at50Proteinbindingis81%at0.5mg/L,6l%at5mg/Land25%at50mg/L.Themeaneliminationhalf-lifeis2to4hours.12%to28%ofmg/L.Themeaneliminationhalf-lifeis2to4hours.12%to28%ofasingleora1ori.v.doseiseliminatedunchangedintheurineoverasingleora1ori.v.doseiseliminatedunchangedintheurineover48hours,andanequalpercentageasthepara-demethylmetabolite.48hours,andanequalpercentageasthepara-demethylmetabolite.2323n nExample2Example2n nClinicalPharmacologyClinicalPharmacologyn nSpectinomycinhydrochlorideisaninhibitorofSpectinomycinhydrochlorideisaninhibitorofproteinsynthesisinthebacterialcell;thesiteofproteinsynthesisinthebacterialcell;thesiteofactionisthe30Sribosomalsubunit.actionisthe30Sribosomalsubunit.n nInvitrostudieshaveshownspectinomycinInvitrostudieshaveshownspectinomycinhydrochloridetobeactiveagainstmoststrainsofhydrochloridetobeactiveagainstmoststrainsofNeisseriagonorrhoea(minimuminhibitoryNeisseriagonorrhoea(minimuminhibitoryconcentrationconcentration7.5to20mcg/ml).Definitivein7.5to20mcg/ml).Definitiveinvitrostudieshaveshownnocross-resistanceofN.vitrostudieshaveshownnocross-resistanceofN.gonorrheabetweenspectinomycinhydrochloridegonorrheabetweenspectinomycinhydrochlorideandpenicillin.Theantibioticisnotsignificantlyandpenicillin.Theantibioticisnotsignificantlyboundtoplasmaprotein.boundtoplasmaprotein.2424n nExample 3Example 3n nHuman PharmacologyHuman Pharmacologyn nKirinSterilePowder(spectinomycinhydrochloride)KirinSterilePowder(spectinomycinhydrochloride)israpidlyabsorbedafterintramuscu1arinjection.Aisrapidlyabsorbedafterintramuscu1arinjection.Asingle,twograminjectionproducespeakserumsingle,twograminjectionproducespeakserumconcentrations(averagingabout100mg/mlatoneconcentrations(averagingabout100mg/mlatonehour.Averageserumconcentrationsof15mg/mlhour.Averageserumconcentrationsof15mg/mlforthetwogramdosewaspresenteighthoursforthetwogramdosewaspresenteighthoursafterdosing.)afterdosing.)2525n nExample 4Example 4n nBasedoninspectionofeachpatientsBasedoninspectionofeachpatientspharmacokineticcurves,thedistributionpharmacokineticcurves,thedistributionphaseofWR2721sremovalfromplasmaphaseofWR2721sremovalfromplasmapredominatesandiscompletewithin6minpredominatesandiscompletewithin6minafterdrugadministration.afterdrugadministration.26262常用词语（1 1）动词）动词：n nIndicateIndicate表明，提示；表明，提示；n nMaintainMaintain维持；维持；n nDemonstrateDemonstrate显示；显示；n nexert(actionon)exert(actionon)起一作用起一作用n nExhibitExhibit显示；显示；2727n nInhibit抑制；n nAccumulate积蓄（积累）；n nmetabolize代谢；n nAdminister给药；n nExcrete排泄；n nTolerate耐受2828（2）形容词：n naveragemean平均的；n nbeeffectiveagainst对有效；n nberelatedto与有关；n n（be）sensitiveto对敏感；n n（be）resistantto对有耐药2929（3）名 词 n nActivity活性；n nMechanism机理；n nAbsorption吸收；n nDistribution分布；n nElimination清除；n nExcretion排泄，n nSerumconcentration血清浓度；n nTolerance耐受性;3030n nClearancerate廓清率；n nToxicity毒性；n nPlasmalevel血浆浓度（水平）；n nHalflife半衰期；n nEffecton对的作用;n nInvitro体外；n ninvivo体内。3131四适应症 Indicationsn n该项是药品说明书的重点，常用标题：n nIndications 适应症;n nIndications and Usage 适应症与用途；n nMajor Principal Indications 主要适应症；n nUses 用途；n nAction and Use 作用与用途。3232n n1结构特点n n一般说，该项仅列出疾病名称，或用短语表一般说，该项仅列出疾病名称，或用短语表示该药能治疗的疾病。示该药能治疗的疾病。n n较详细的说明书亦用完整的句子表述该药能较详细的说明书亦用完整的句子表述该药能治疗什么病，及对哪些细菌和微生物有效或治疗什么病，及对哪些细菌和微生物有效或无效。由于疾病和细菌、病毒名称太多，请无效。由于疾病和细菌、病毒名称太多，请查阅英汉医学词汇等工具书。查阅英汉医学词汇等工具书。3333n nExample 1Example 1n nIndicationsIndicationsn nPreventionandlong-termtreatmentofanginaPreventionandlong-termtreatmentofanginapectoris.pectoris.n nTreatmentofsevereheartfailureincombinationTreatmentofsevereheartfailureincombinationwithcardiacglycosides,preparationspromotingwithcardiacglycosides,preparationspromotingsecretionofurine,ACEinhibitors,drugscausingsecretionofurine,ACEinhibitors,drugscausingadilationofthearterialbloodvessels.adilationofthearterialbloodvessels.n nHighpressureinthepu1monarycirculation.Highpressureinthepu1monarycirculation.3434n nExample 2Example 2n nIndicationsIndicationsn nTimentinisindicatedforawiderangeofinfectionsTimentinisindicatedforawiderangeofinfectionsforwhichsusceptibleorganismshavebeenforwhichsusceptibleorganismshavebeendetectedoraresuspected.Typicalindicationsdetectedoraresuspected.Typicalindicationsinclude:include:n nSevereinfections,forexample:Severeinfections,forexample:n nSepticaemiaSepticaemia，BacteraemiaBacteraemia，PeritonitisPeritonitis，intra-intra-abdominalsepsisabdominalsepsis，Post-surgicalinfections,Post-surgicalinfections,n nBoneandjointinfectionsBoneandjointinfections，SkinandsofttissueSkinandsofttissueinfections.infections.35352常用词语n n疾病名称是适应症部分最常见的词汇还涉及到微生疾病名称是适应症部分最常见的词汇还涉及到微生物（尤其是各种致病菌）方面的词汇。例如：物（尤其是各种致病菌）方面的词汇。例如：（1 1）名词和名词短语）名词和名词短语：n nbacteriabacteria细菌；细菌；germsgerms病菌；病菌；microbesmicrobes，microorganismsmicroorganisms微生物微生物;n naerobesaerobes需氧菌；需氧菌；n nanaerobesanaerobes厌氧菌；厌氧菌；n nGram-PositivebacteriaGram-Positivebacteria革兰阳性菌；革兰阳性菌；gram-negativebacteriagram-negativebacteria革兰阴性菌；革兰阴性菌；n nstaphylococcusstaphylococcus葡萄球菌：葡萄球菌：n nstaph.Aureusstaph.Aureus金黄色葡萄球菌；金黄色葡萄球菌；3636n nstreptococcusstreptococcus链球菌链球菌;n nfaecalisfaecalis粪链球菌；粪链球菌；n nEscherichiacoilEscherichiacoil大肠杆菌大肠杆菌n nPseudomonasaeruginosaPseudomonasaeruginosa绿脓杆菌；绿脓杆菌；n nKlebsiellapneumoniaeKlebsiellapneumoniae肺炎杆菌；肺炎杆菌；DiplococcuspneumoniaeDiplococcuspneumoniae肺炎双球菌；肺炎双球菌；n nCryptococcusCryptococcus隐球菌；隐球菌；n nvirusvirus病毒。病毒。3737（2 2）形容词及词组）形容词及词组：n nacid-fastacid-fast耐酸的；耐酸的；n nresistantresistant toto 耐受；耐受；n nsusceptibletosusceptibleto 对对敏感的；敏感的；n nbeactiveagainstbeactiveagainst，beeffectiveinbeeffectiveinforforagainstagainst对对有效有效;n nhave(has)actionagainsthave(has)actionagainst 对对有作用；有作用；n nbeusedtobeusedto，beusedin/forbeusedin/for，beemployedtobeemployedto 用于；用于；n nbeofvalueofbeofvalueof，beintendedtobeintendedto，beindicatedinbeindicatedinforfor 适用于适用于;n nforforinthetreatmentof.inthetreatmentof.用于治疗用于治疗；n nforforinthemanagementof.inthemanagementof.用于控制用于控制.3838n nExample Example n n(1)Cedilanid(1)Cedilanid is used for the treatment ofis used for the treatment of allformsallformsofheartfailureandcardiacarrythmia.ofheartfailureandcardiacarrythmia.n n西地兰可用于治疗各类心力衰竭和心率不齐西地兰可用于治疗各类心力衰竭和心率不齐n n(2)Hyminal(2)Hyminal is also used for the treatment ofis also used for the treatment of insomniaduetoorganicdisorder.insomniaduetoorganicdisorder.n n海米那也可用于由器质性疾病引起的失眠症。海米那也可用于由器质性疾病引起的失眠症。n n(3)Thetablets(3)Thetabletsare effective for the prevention ofare effective for the prevention of anginalattack.anginalattack.n n本片剂对预防心绞痛发作有疗效本片剂对预防心绞痛发作有疗效n n(4)ClinicallyPersantinhasproved(4)ClinicallyPersantinhasprovedeffective in the effective in the treatment oftreatment ofcoronarydiseaseandheartconditioncoronarydiseaseandheartconditionn n 临床证明临床证明“潘生丁潘生丁”治疗冠心病和心脏病有效。治疗冠心病和心脏病有效。n n(5)Thedrug(5)Thedrugis effective againstis effective againstvariouskindsofvariouskindsofbacteriaresistanttootherdrugs.bacteriaresistanttootherdrugs.n n本药对于抗其他药物的各种细菌有效。本药对于抗其他药物的各种细菌有效。3939n n(6)Kanamycin(6)Kanamycin is effectiveis effective bothinvitroaninvivobothinvitroaninvivo againstagainst gram-positiveandgram-negativebacteriaasgram-positiveandgram-negativebacteriaaswellaswellasacid-fastacid-fast bacteria.bacteria.n n卡那霉素在体内外对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌以卡那霉素在体内外对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌以及耐酸菌均有效。及耐酸菌均有效。n n(7)Thisantibiotics(7)Thisantibioticshashas strongantibacterialstrongantibacterial action action againstagainst gram-positiveandgram-negativebacteria.gram-positiveandgram-negativebacteria.n n本抗菌素对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌有强的抗菌本抗菌素对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌有强的抗菌作用。作用。n n(8)(8)VionactaneVionactane hashas a aspecifictuberculostaticspecifictuberculostaticaction action againstagainsttuberclebacilli.tuberclebacilli.n n“紫霉素紫霉素”对结核杆菌具有特殊的抑菌作用。对结核杆菌具有特殊的抑菌作用。n n(9)(9)Possess;manifestsPossess;manifests;n nshowactionagainstshowactionagainstn ndisplays;displays;exerts.exerts.4040五禁忌症Contraindicationsn n本部分最常用的标题是本部分最常用的标题是ContraindicationsContraindications，n n也可用也可用RestrictionsonUseRestrictionsonUse（用药限制）（用药限制）n n在在RestrictionsonUseRestrictionsonUse下面常列小标题，下面常列小标题，如：如：n nContraindicationsContraindications（禁忌症）；（禁忌症）；n nPrecautionsPrecautionsNoteNote（注意事项）；（注意事项）；n nWarningsWarnings（警告）等。（警告）等。4141n n1结构特点n n本部分段落较短，句子结构一般不复杂，常本部分段落较短，句子结构一般不复杂，常用省略句和祈使句。用省略句和祈使句。n nExample 1Example 1：ContraindicationsContraindications禁忌症禁忌症 TheuseofKirinSterilePowderisTheuseofKirinSterilePowderiscontraindicatedinpatientspreviouslyfoundcontraindicatedinpatientspreviouslyfoundhypersensitivetoithypersensitivetoitn n（对本品过敏者禁用）（对本品过敏者禁用）4242n nExample 2 Example 2：n nContraindicationsContraindications禁忌症禁忌症n nNottobeusedinpatientswithahistoryofNottobeusedinpatientswithahistoryofhypersensitivityto-lactame,e.g.penicillinshypersensitivityto-lactame,e.g.penicillinsandcephalosporins.andcephalosporins.n nIntradermalhypersensitivitytestisadvisedIntradermalhypersensitivitytestisadvisedpriortouse:nottobeusedinpatientspriortouse:nottobeusedinpatientsgivingapositivereaction.givingapositivereaction.4343Example 3Contraindications（禁忌症）n nSystemicfungalinfectionsn nKnownhypersensitivitytoMEDROLTMTabletsortomethylprednisolone.44442.常用词语及句式：（1 1）禁用或慎用药物的疾病。例如：）禁用或慎用药物的疾病。例如：n nCardiacfailureCardiacfailure 心力衰竭；心力衰竭；n nCardiacinsufficiencyCardiacinsufficiency 心功能不全；心功能不全；n nrenalinsufficiencyrenalinsufficiency 肾功能不全肾功能不全;n nimpairmentofthekidneyimpairmentofthekidney，n nimpairmentofrenalfuncionimpairmentofrenalfuncion肾功能损伤；肾功能损伤；n ninsufficiencyoftheliverinsufficiencyoftheliver 肝功能不全；肝功能不全；n nliverliverhepaticdamagehepaticdamage肝损伤；肝损伤；n nfunctionaldisorderofliverfunctionaldisorderofliver 肝功能（异常）障碍；肝功能（异常）障碍；n nhypertensionhy