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一.主旨的定义 主旨=主题（KW）+方向（正负感情色彩）+关系词（逻辑）一.主旨的定义 主旨=主题（KW）一.主旨的定义Why you may wonder should spiders be our friends?Because they destroy so many insects,and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world.They would devour all our crops,and kill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.一.主旨的定义Why you may wonder shoWe owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Moreover,unlike some of the other insect-eaters,spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings.We owe a lot to the birds and 一.主旨的定义“主题”是这段话讲的事物（spiders）“方向”是该事物是好是坏（friends）“关系词”是维持或者改变方向的标志（Because、and和Moreover）。一.主旨的定义“主题”是这段话讲的事物（spiders）二.如何掌握主旨错误方法：匀速阅读，精读每个单词和句子正确方法：变速阅读，先慢后快 二.如何掌握主旨错误方法：二.如何掌握主旨汉语族人的思维方式是“螺旋式”的，喜欢画龙点睛，“Save the best for the last”。英语族人的思维方式是“直线式”的，喜欢直入主题，“Say what you want to say,then say why”。70%-80%的英语段落都是首句是主题句 二.如何掌握主旨汉语族人的思维方式是“螺旋式”的，喜欢画龙二.如何掌握主旨变速阅读：精读首句（把握首句的“主题”和“方向”）浏览全段（把握全段的“关系词”），二.如何掌握主旨变速阅读：二.如何掌握主旨 All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts.For example,land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation;chemical fertilizers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies;more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion;二.如何掌握主旨 All these activities二.如何掌握主旨and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future.二.如何掌握主旨and the spread of mon二.如何掌握主旨精读首句：主题是“environmental impacts”方向是“damaging”（负向）浏览全段关系词：For example及四个并列的分句维持着首句的方向。主旨：“环境影响是破坏性的”二.如何掌握主旨精读首句：二.如何掌握主旨Drama is sometimes seen as a branch of literature because plays，like literature,are often printed in book form.However,there is an important difference between the two forms.Unlike a novel，a play is written to be performed,and the script of a play is not a finished work；it is an outline for a performance.二.如何掌握主旨Drama is sometimes se二.如何掌握主旨The physical production of the play-the scenery,lighting，and costumes-will affect the performance,and so will the actors.How the actors interpret their roles greatly influences the plays effect on the audience.二.如何掌握主旨The physical producti二.如何掌握主旨精读首句：主题是“drama”和“literature”方向是“a branch”主旨是“戏剧与文学的相同点”因果关系词because和类比关系词like都是维持方向的。二.如何掌握主旨精读首句：二.如何掌握主旨浏览全段：转折关系词：However和unlike说明方向发生了改变主旨：“戏剧与文学是不同的”。（第二句）二.如何掌握主旨浏览全段：二.如何掌握主旨Mother,who wanted to keep her,always thoughts of her as some wild little bird,but I knew she was a homing pigeon.I knew that at some point in her flight path,sooner or later,she would make a U-turn.A sort of human boomerang.二.如何掌握主旨Mother,who wanted to二.如何掌握主旨So even though I had long since stopped expecting it,I was not surprised when I walked down the gravel drive to the mailbox,which Id painted papaya yellow to attract good news,and found the flimsy envelope with the Dallas postmark.二.如何掌握主旨So even though I had 主旨题1.内容性主旨题2.目的性主旨题主旨题1.内容性主旨题内容性主旨题如果文章有明显主题句，则对其作同义替换新老观点对比型：新观点为主题句现象解释型：正确解释为主题句问题解决型：正确的解决方法为主题句结论解释型：开头的结论为主题句内容性主旨题如果文章有明显主题句，则对其作同义替换内容性主旨题如果无明确的主题句，则使用三出现原则。1.KW必须出现2.细节不能出现3.新内容（文中未提到）不能出现内容性主旨题如果无明确的主题句，则使用三出现原则。新老观点对比型(468)Traditionally,manufacturers havent had to worry about what happens to a product after it leaves their gates.But that is starting to change,thanks to laws now in the wings in Europe(and headed for the United States)that will require companies to take back their durable goods such as refrigerators,washers,and cars at the end of their useful lives.新老观点对比型(468)Traditionally,man新老观点对比型(468)In Germany,the take-back laws start with the initial sale.Companies must take back all their packaging or hire middlemen to do the recycling.Take-back laws mean that manufacturers who have been saying,“This product can be recycled,”must now say,“We recycle our products and packaging.”新老观点对比型(468)In Germany,the ta现象解释型(472)Researchers have suggested many scenarios for the Martian apocalypse.Some have proposed that the sun gradually whittled away Mars atmosphere with its wind of charged particles.Others have hypothesized that the planet itself absorbed most of its atmosphere,turning carbon dioxide into carbonate rocks.现象解释型(472)Researchers have sug现象解释型(472)For the past seven years,however,Ann Vickery and Jay Melosh,two planetary scientists from the University of Arizona,have been exploring a far more spectacular ending:most of Mars atmosphere,they suggest,was blasted away by a succession of asteroids and comets.现象解释型(472)For the past seven y结论解释型(186)The remarkable thing about dinosaurs is not that they became extinct,but that they dominated the earth for so long.Dinosaurs held sway for 100 million years while mammals,all the while,lived as small animals in the interstices of their world.After 70 million years on top,we mammals have an excellent track record and good prospects for the future,but we have yet to display the staying power of dinosaurs.结论解释型(186)The remarkable thing问题解决型(181)“You going to invite them here?”“I havent thought that far”I said.“Dont put it off”“Maybe youre worried shell be disappointed in you But you dont have toYoure her flesh-and-blood mother and thats enough.”问题解决型(181)“You going to invite目的性主旨题注意：新老观点对比型又破又立，以立为主目的性主旨题注意：新老观点对比型全文主旨读各段首句+末段末句注意把握KW，逻辑关系词（but,however），感情色彩（adj.正，负）全文主旨读各段首句+末段末句184-21,322-11,467-2324-21,469-13,472-31,473-35184-21,322-11,467-2
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