美国高中历史-冷战-cold-war-附带书后问题答案ppt课件

Cold WarConflictsWhat do you do when a friend is accused?Cold WarConflictsWhat do you 1Origins of the Cold WarMain IdeaThe U.S.and the Soviet Union emerged from WW II as two“superpowers”with vastly different political and economic systems.Why it Matters TodayAfter WW II,differences between the U.S.and the Soviet Union led to a Cold War that lasted almost to the 21st century.Origins of the Cold WarMain Id2Examine the IssuesDo Americans with communist beliefs pose a threat to the nation?What can individual citizens do to protect the rights of all people?Should citizens speak out to preserve the rights of others?Examine the IssuesDo Americans3Former Allies ClashThe U.S.and the Soviet Union had very different ambitions for the future.These differences created a tension that plunged the two countries into a bitter rivalry.The United NationsApril 25,1945-50 nations met in S.F.June 26,1945-UN is charteredTruman Becomes PresidentThe Postdam ConferenceU.S.,G.B.,Soviet Union met in PostdamSoviets block free electionsFormer Allies ClashThe U.S.an4POTSDAM(Germany)POTSDAM(Germany)Date:July 1945Date:July 1945Present:Churchill,Present:Churchill,Truman and StalinTruman and StalinPOTSDAM(Germany)5UN vs.NATO?Whats the difference between the UN and NATO?The UN(United Nations)is a international organization of every recognized state,created to keep the peace between nations and create international law and cooperation.NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)is a military alliance of the United States,Canada and most of Europe,created back in the Cold War to counter Soviet and Communist power.It now consists of 26 nations.UN vs.NATO?Whats the differe6U.S.Aims vs.Soviet AimsThe US wanted toA New World orderGain access to raw materials and marketsRebuild European governments for American goodsReunite GermanyThe Soviet UnionEncourage communismRebuild Eastern Europe w/industrial equipment&raw materialsControl Eastern Europe to balance U.S.influence in Western EuropeKeep Germany divided,so it wouldnt be a threatU.S.Aims vs.Soviet AimsThe U7Tension MountsStalins refusal to allow free elections in Poland convinced Truman that U.S.and Soviet aims were deeply at odds.Tension MountsBargainingAt PostdamSoviets GripEastern EuropeU.SContainmentSatellite nationsGeorge F.KennanStop the spread ofCommunism“Iron Curtain”ReparationsU.S.interest abroadTension MountsStalins refusal8Europe after World War IIEurope after World War II9Cold War in EuropeThe conflicting U.S.and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the Cold War,a conflict between the U.S.and the Soviet Union,in which neither nation conflicted each other on the battlefield.The Truman DoctrineTruman asked Congress for$400 million to help Greece and Turkey.US policy to help free people who are resisting communist takeoverThe Marshall PlanGeorge Marshall,Sec.of StateThe U.S.to provide aid to all European nations that needed it.1948-1952-16 countries received some$13 billion in aidCold War in EuropeThe conflict10Marshall Plan to Aid Europe,1948-1952Marshall Plan to Aid Europe,111Superpowers Struggle over GermanyAs Europe began to get back on its feet,the U.S.and its allies clashed with the Soviet Union over the issue of German reunification.BerlinAirliftNATOAllianceSuperpowers Struggle over Germ12Improve your knowledgeThe Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May 1945.They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer.Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans,French and British to their respective zones.Improve your knowledgeThe Russ13美国高中历史-冷战-cold-war-附带书后问题答案ppt课件14Origins of the Cold WarReviewWhat were the goals of U.S.foreign policy in the Cold War?To encourage democracy;to gain access to raw materials and markets;to rebuild Europe;to contain Soviet expansion.Describe the Truman doctrine and how America reacted to it.A policy of helping countries resist Communist takeover;strongly supported by Americans.Origins of the Cold WarReview15The Cold War Heats UpMain IdeaAfter World War II,China became a communist nation and Korea was into a communist north and a democratic south.Why it Matters TodayOngoing tensions with China and North Korea continue to involve the United StatesThe Cold War Heats UpMain Idea16美国高中历史-冷战-cold-war-附带书后问题答案ppt课件17China Becomes a Communist CountryFor two decades,Chinese communist had struggled against the nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek.The U.S.had supported Chiang during WWII.Chiangs government undermined Nationalist support.Mao Zedong gained support of communism throughout the country.China Becomes a Communist Coun18Renewed Civil WarAs soon as the defeated Japanese left China at the end of WW II,cooperation between the Nationalists and the Communists ceased.From 1944-1947,the U.S.played the peacemaker while supporting the Nationalists.May 1949-Chiang and others fled to the Island of Taiwan or Formosa.China became a communist country,which was called the Peoples Republic of China.America Reacts to Communist TakeoverConservative Republicans blamed Truman for only supplying limited aid.Renewed Civil WarAs soon as th19美国高中历史-冷战-cold-war-附带书后问题答案ppt课件20The Korean WarAs WW II ended,Japanese troops north of the 38th parallel surrendered to the Soviets.South of the parallel they surrendered to the Americans.U.S.cuts back on troops in South KoreaSoviets backed North KoreaNorth Korea attacks South KoreaJune 25,1950-North Korean forces swept across the 38th parallel in a surprise attack on South KoreaU.N.backs South Korea16 nations sent 520,000 troops;90%were AmericansUnder the command of Gen.Douglas MacArthurThe Korean WarAs WW II ended,21The Korean War,1950-1953The Korean War,1950-195322The U.S.Fights in KoreaAt first,North Korea seemed unstoppable.StalemateMacArthurVsTrumanRecommendationTo Attack ChinaChineseFight BackMacArthursCounterattackKoreanWarThe U.S.Fights in KoreaAt fir23The Cold War Heats UpReviewWhat global events led to U.S.involvement in Korea?Communist victory in China;North Koreas attack on South KoreaWhat issue between General Douglas MacArthur and President Truman eventually cost MacArthur his job?Truman wanted limit the Korean War to Korea.MacArthur wanted to bomb and invade China.The Cold War Heats UpReviewWh24The Cold War at HomeMain IdeaDuring the late 1940s and early 1950s,fear of communism led to reckless charges against innocent citizens.Why it Matters TodayAmericans today remain vigilant about unfounded accusations.The Cold War at HomeMain Idea25Fear of CommunismIn the early years of the Cold War,many Americans believed that there was good reason to be concerned about the security of the U.S.During WW II,there were about 80,000 Americans that claimed membership in the Communist party.Fear ofCommunismLoyalty ReviewBoardHouse UN-AmericanActivities Comm.McCarran ActInvestigateGov.employeesCommunist influenceIn the movie industry1947-Hollywood Ten“Blacklist”Unlawful to establish aTotalitarian gov.in the U.S.Fear of CommunismIn the early 26美国高中历史-冷战-cold-war-附带书后问题答案ppt课件27Spy Cases Stun the NationTwo spy cases added to fear that was spreading like an epidemic across the country:Alger Hiss1948-former Communist spy Whitaker Chambers accused Alger Hiss of spying for the Soviet Union.Hiss proclaims his innocence.Richard Nixon pursues the chargesThe RosenbergsSoviets exploded an atomic bomb on Sept.3,19491950-German-born Klaus Fuchs admitted giving information about atomic bomb to SovietsEthel and Julius Rosenberg-American Communist PartyFound guilty of espionage and sentenced to deathSpy Cases Stun the NationTwo s28McCarthy Launches His“Witch Hunt”The most famous anti-Communist activist was Senator Joseph McCarthy,a Republican from Wisconsin.McCarthyismMcCarthys TacticsMcCarthysDownfallOther CommunistMeasuresAccusationsOf Communist in theState Dept.1954-Accusations against the U.S.Army1953-39 states passed lawsMaking it illegal to advocateThe overthrow of Gov.McCarthy Launches His“Witch H29The Cold War ReviewWhat actions of Joseph McCarthy worsened the national hysteria about communism?McCarthys allegation of Communists in government and in the armed forces.How did the Rosenberg case fuel anti-communist feelings?The Rosenberg case involved transfer of nuclear secrets to the Soviets;Americans feared any Soviet influence in the U.S.and their possession of nuclear weapons.The Cold War ReviewWhat actio30Two Nations Live on the EdgeMain IdeaDuring the 1950s,the U.S.and the Soviet Union came to the brink of nuclear war.Why it Matter TodayThe Cold War continued into the following decades,affecting U.S.policies in Cuba,Central America,Southeast Asia,and the Middle East.Two Nations Live on the EdgeMa31Brinkmanship Rules U.S.PolicyThe nuclear arms race began during Trumans presidency.Soviets exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949.Race for the H-BombHydrogen Bomb“H-Bomb”67 times stronger than the bomb dropped on HiroshimaU.S.vs.Soviet Union in a raceNov.1,1952-U.S.wins,exploded the 1st H-BombPolicy of BrinkmanshipDwight D.Eisenhower-PresidentJohn Foster Dulles-Sec.of StateDulles wanted to use all force,including nuclear weapons,against any aggressorBrinkmanship-a policy of all out warArmy&Navy scaled down and the Air Force increased.Schoolchildren practiced air-raids proceduresFamilies built fallout sheltersBrinkmanship Rules U.S.Policy32Improve your knowledgeThe nuclear bomb gave America a lead which was expected to last at least 5 years.The rapid Russian development of nuclear technology,helped by the work of the“atom spies”was a shock.Significantly,Russia hurriedly declared war against Japan at the beginning of August 1945 and rushed to advance into Asia to stake out a position for the post-war settlement.This helped make both the Korean and Vietnamese conflicts more likely.Improve your knowledgeThe nucl33美国高中历史-冷战-cold-war-附带书后问题答案ppt课件34The Cold War Spreads Around the WorldAs the nation shifted to a dependence on nuclear arms,the Eisenhower administration began to rely heavily on the recently formed Central Intelligence Agency(CIA)for information.Covert Actions in the Middle East&Latin America1951-Mohammed Mossadegh nationalized Irans oil fieldsGreat Britain stopped buying Iranian oil1953-CIA gave millions of$to anti-Mossadegh supporters.CIA supported the Shah of Iran1954-GuatemalaThe Cold War Spreads Around th35Cold War Spreads Around the World-contCold WarWarsaw Pact1955Geneva1955Suez War1955Linked Soviet UnionWith 7 other countries“Open Skies”Aswan DamGamel Abdel-NasserGB,FR,&IsraelCold War Spreads Around the Wo36The Eisenhower DoctrineJan.1957-U.S.would defend the Middle East against an attack by any Communist country.The Hungarian UprisingHungarians revolted in 1956Imre Nagy-Communist leader promised free electionsNov.1956-Soviets send in troopsSoviets overthrow Nagy and place Soviet leaders in charge.U.S.did nothing to help HungaryThe Eisenhower Doctrine37The Cold War Takes to the SkiesNikita Khrushchev became the new leader in the Soviet Union upon Stalins death in 1953.Khrushchev wanted a peaceful coexistence.The SpaceRaceSputnikU-2 ShotDownFrancis Gary PowersRenewedConfrontationThe Cold War Takes to the Skie38美国高中历史-冷战-cold-war-附带书后问题答案ppt课件39Two Nations Live on the EdgeReviewHow did the U.S.,including the CIA,wage the Cold War in the 1950s?By sponsoring covert actions to overthrow governments unfriendly to the United States.Two Nations Live on the EdgeR40