反身代词不定代词

不定代词 some 与any 1.Some 及其合成词一般用于肯定句中，some表示“一些，一点儿，某一”等意思。它也可以用于疑问句中，表示请求、建议、命令、邀请并期望得到肯定答复。Some like sports,others like music.1）some 后接单数可数名词，意为“某一”时相当于a certain+单数可数名词。Eg,For some reason,he didnt turn up at the meeting.因为某种原因，他没有出席会议。2）在邀请别人享用某种东西时，为了表达诚意，用some.Eg:-Would you like some coffee?-Yes,just a little.好的，来一点。Will you give me some water?(Please give me some water.)可以给我一些水吗？（请给我些水）3）预料对方可能作出肯定回答或说话人认为对方作肯定回答的可能性较大时，常用some.You are carrying a shopping basket.Are you going to buy some things?你拿着购物篮，是要去买东西吗？4)Some 除了作代词和形容词外，还可以作副词，意为“大约，稍微，非常”It happened some twenty years ago.这件事发生在大约20年前。Its some warmer today.今天稍微暖和些。5)否定句中被否定的对象只是部分地被否定，其中还暗含着一部分肯定意义时，也可以用some.-You have seen all those pictures,havent you?你见过所有那些图片，是吗？-Not quite.I havent seen some of them.(I have seen some of them.)不，有些没有见过。（我只见过其中一些。）2.Any 一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，表示“一些，一点儿，什么，任何”等意思。Eg:Have you any brothers?你有兄弟吗？He never gives me any help.他从未帮助过我。Give me some if there is any.如果有，就给我一些。I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢1)any 有时也可以用于肯定句中，表示“任何，无论哪一个”等意思You may come at any time.你任何时候都可以来。Here are three books.You may read any.这里有三本书，你读哪一本都行。2)any 作为副词，还可以用于比较等级前加强语气，意为“略，稍”。Are you any better?你好点了吗？3)Any 指三个及三个以上的事物中的“任何一个”。1.I asked him for oil,but he hadnt _.A.any B.some C.no D.anything 2.Id been expecting _ letters the whole morning,but there werent _ for me.A.some;any B.many;a few C.some;one D.a few;none 3.-When shall we meet again?-Make it _ day you like;its all the same to me.A.one B.any C.another D.some 4.Mr Tom,headmaster of the school,refused to accept _ of the three suggestions made by the Students Union.A.either B.neither C.any D.none each 与every1.each 指每个人或者事物的个别情况，相当于汉语的“每个，各个，每一的”。1)在句中可以作主语，宾语，定语和同位语（可作代词或形容词).2)指两个或两个以上的人或物中“每个”。它强调个体的概念。(侧重于个体，从每个个体去看.)Eg;Each student may have one book.每个学生都可能有一本书。The tickets each cost 100 dollars.这些票每张100美元。Each has his own task.每人各自有该作的工作。3.不能用not each 来表示部分否定，而用not every 表示部分否定。Not every man is honest.=Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。4）可以说each of.但不可说every of.要说every one of.5)Each of 后面可以直接跟人称代词复数(us,them,you 等),但each of 后接复数名词时，必须在复数名词前加限定词（my,his,her,our,等物主代词或the).Each of us has got something to say.我们每个人都有些话要说Each of my brothers has a picture book.我的每个兄弟都有自己的图画书。6)each 还可作副词用，意为“每个，每人”Ill give you 100 yuan each.我将给你们每人100every 虽有“每个”的意思，但常从整体出发，强调全体，意为“每个都”.1).在句中只作形容词只用作定语，不可单独使用，而它的合成词只作主语、宾语、和表语而不作定语（即every后必须跟名词，而它的合成词后面不能跟名词）。Every body is here.=Everybody is here.每个人都来了。Every book is good.2).every指三个或三个以上的人或物。Eg;Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功3).every 与one,body,thing 构成复合不定代词时，谓语用单数，后不接of 短语.可说Every one of us is studying hard.不可说 Everyone of us is studying hard.4)everyone 只用来指人，every one 既可指人也可指物。5)every 还可表示“每隔.的,每中的”，如下列说法中只能用every.every now and then 时常,不时every other day 每隔一天every year or two 每一两年every few days 每几天every two weeks 每两周1.either是是“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。数可数名词，可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。2.neither是是“两者中没有一个两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。替单数可数名词，可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。3.Both“两者都两者都”表示整体。与复数连用。注意；表示整体。与复数连用。注意；all,both,each,everybody,everything 等词与否定词连等词与否定词连用时通常表示部分否定；若要表示全部否定，则相应的用时通常表示部分否定；若要表示全部否定，则相应的要用要用none,no one,nobody,neither,nothing Here are two pens.You may take either of them.(宾语宾语)Neither boy knows French.(定语定语)either,both 和neither Both the boys are clever.Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很两个男孩都很聪明。聪明。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都两个男孩都不聪明不聪明There are trees on either side of the street.There are trees on both sides of the street.路边长满了树路边长满了树-Do you want tea or coffee?-Either.I really dont mind.1.There are two windows in the room.They _ face south.A.All B.both C.each D.either 2.Both teams were in hard training;_ was willing to lose the game.A.either B.neither C.another D.the other 3.-Do you want tea or coffee?-_.I really dont mind.A.Both B.None C.Either D.Neither 4.-Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?-If you keep still,you can sit at _ end.A.neither B.each C.either D.any5.-Are the two answers correct?-No,_ correct.A.no one is B.both are not C.neither is D.either is not 6.I invited Tom and Ann to dinner,but _ of them came.A.neither B.both C.either D.none 7.-Which of the twin sisters is a doctor?-_ are.A.All B.Both C.Either D.Neither 8.-Did your parents go to climb the Zijin Mountain last Sunday?-No,they _ went to see a film.A.both B.all C.either D.every 9.-Is _ OK,Lucy?-No,my maths is not as good as English.A.everything B.something C.nothing D.anything 10.-Who helped you with your English?-_.I learned it all by myself.A.Nobody B.Anybody C.Somebody D.Everybody 11.On _ sides of the street are a lot of colorful flowers.A.each B.both C.either D.all 12.Not _ family has a car.A.each B.all C.every D.both no one,no 与none 1.no只作定语修饰可数或不可数名词=not a/any.在禁语中用no 而不用not.2.None 指三者或者三者以上“都不”.在句中作主语或宾语。1).none 作主语时，多与of 构成短语，谓语动词单复数都可以 2)none 既可之人也可指物，后面可接of 短语，能回答how many,how much引导的问句。注意；none of 之后一般接代词，如果接名词，名词前一定要加the,my,your 等限定词。3.no one 只指人，其后一般不接of 短语，可以回答who 引导的问句。Eg;-How many people are there in the room now?屋子里现在有几个人？-None.没有人。None of the trains is/are going to London.这些列车都不去伦敦。None of the students is/are in the classroom.-Did any one call me up just now?-No one.Grammar 9:Reflexive Pronouns 1.概念概念:表示一个动作返回到该动作表示一个动作返回到该动作执行者本身或强调某人或某物执行者本身或强调某人或某物“本本人人,本身本身”的代词叫作反身代词的代词叫作反身代词.2.反身代词形式反身代词形式形式 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数 myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselves yourselves themselves3.用法用法:*在句中做动词或介词的宾语在句中做动词或介词的宾语Please help yourself to some tea,The girl is too young to look after herself.He never thought of himself.They teach themselves English.*在句中做名词或代词的在句中做名词或代词的同位语同位语,用来加用来加强名词或代词的语气强名词或代词的语气,做做“亲自亲自,本人本人”解解,可以放在名词可以放在名词,代词之后代词之后,也可以放也可以放在句尾在句尾.You yourself said so.The desk itself is not heavy.We did it ourselves.=We ourselves did it.*做表语做表语Tom is not quite himself today.Tom 今天感到不适今天感到不适/舒服舒服.反身代词用法歌诀：反身代词勿乱用，能作句中宾、表、同，不能用作主定语，习惯用语要记清。Eg:You first of all should respect yourself,or no one would respect you.你首先要尊重自己，否则没有人会尊重你。You yourself can do it well.你自己可以把这件事情做好。Im not feeling myself today.我今天感觉不舒服.反身代词的习惯用语常用的有：of oneself 自动地 to oneself 独自享用 for oneself亲自 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 call oneself 自称 lose oneself 迷路 be not oneself 身体不舒服 talk to oneself自言自语 by oneself 独自地 In oneself 本质地teach oneself 自学 come to oneself 苏醒make oneself at home不要客气 喝啤酒 help oneself to 随便吃/用 treat oneself to beerseat oneself(使)就座 explain oneself 自我解释 amuse oneself 自娱 devote oneself to 致力于Youll have to see if he has gone to school for yourself.你得亲自去看看他是否去上学了。The computer can shut off of itself.计算机会自动关机Jim is not bad in himself,but he is a little shy.吉姆本质并不坏，只是有点害羞。Please make yourself at home.请不要客气。1.-Who called me this morning when I was out?-A man calling _Robert.A.him B.himself C.his D./2.Treat _ to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day.A.one B.oneself C.you D.yourself 3.-What a lovely card!Where did you buy it?-I made it by _.A.me B.himself C.myself D.itself 4.His name is James but he calls _Jim.A.his B.himself C.him D./分类巧记other 系列不定代词1.(1)表示两者中的“一个.另一个”时，用“onethe other”.He has two daughters.One is a teacher;the other is a doctor.他有两个女儿，一个是教师，另一个是医生。(2).表示三者及其以上中的“一个”与“另一个”时，用“one.another.”其前不能加冠词，只用单数形式。There are three pens on the desk,one is red,another is black,and the third is yellow.桌上有三支钢笔，一支是红的，另一支是黑色的，还有一支是黄色的。(3).强调确定数目中的“一个”与“其余的”时，用“one.the others”表示许多人或物中的“一部分”与“其余的全部”时用some.(some)the others.There are fifty students.One is ill;the others are going to the cinema.有50个学生。一个病了，其余的要去看电影。The students are working.some are carrying water;some are digging;the others are planting trees.同学们正在劳动，一些人在提水，一些人在挖坑，其余的在植树(4).表示许多人或物中的“一部分”与“另一部分(并非全部)”时，用“some.others”Eg;On Sunday some people like to stay at home,but others like to go shopping.星期天，一些人喜欢待在家里，而另一些人喜欢去购物。(5).one after another 表示“一个接一个”The students walked out of the classroom one after another.同学们一个接一个地走出教室。(6)another 与单数名词连用。当another 后有few 或one 以上的数字，则可与复数名词连用意为“又，再”Please give me another few stamps.请在给我几张邮票。(7)one another 和each other 的所有格形式是：one anothers each others 彼此的 数种类单数复数泛指another other(boys)others特指the other the other(boys)the others功能主语宾语 定语主语宾语any other 和any of the other any other 和any of the other 常用在含比较级的句子中，但any other 后跟单数可数名词，any of the other 后跟复数可数名词。She is much larger than any other ant(any of the other ants 或any of the others)蚁王比任何蚂蚁都大。China is larger than any other country(=any of the other countries).中国比世界上任何别的国家都大。1.The twins are very much alike(相像).I cant tell _ from the _.A.them;one B.one;another C.another;one D.one;other 2.They often stay in _ house.A.each other B.one another C.each others D.ones another 3.One of my eyes is better than _.A.another B.others C.the other D.the others4.If you want to change for a double room,youll have to pay _$15.A.another B.other C.more D.each 5.-Have you finished your report yet?-No,Ill finish it in _ ten minutes.A.another B.other C.more D.less 6.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and _.A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white7.Some of the wheat is from Canada.What about _?A.another B.the other C.others D.the rest 8.Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay for _ two weeks.A.another B.other C.the other D.others 9.Do they have great concern for _ work?A.one anothers B.one another C.each other D.another one 10.The train finally arrived and two young men-_big and broad,_small and slight stepped onto the platform.A.each.other B.one.the other C.one.another D.one.other 巧用it,one,ones,that,与those 同名同物it 替，可数不可数均可使。one单可数ones复，特指用the 无疑义；同类事物用one(s),常有前后置定语。that 同名物相异，后置定语是前提，不可数时也可以，可数复数用those.It,one 与that 三者都是代词，指代前面提到的名词1.one 指代同名异物。只能代替可数名词单数，ones代替可数名词复数，特指时须在前面加定冠词the,可有前置定语或后置定语，也可单独使用。one为泛指,相当于“a/an+名词”，所以one 所指代的名词的修饰语一般为a/an/some/any;Mr.Wang gave me a very valuable present,one(=a present)that I had never seen.王先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物，我从来没有见过它。A desk made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.铁桌子比木桌子结实。2.that 指代同名异物。指代可数名词单数或不可数名词，当后面有of 或in短语时，前面替代词一般用that 替代单数或不可数名词,用those 替代可数名词复数。that 为特指，相当于“the+名词”，that 所代的名词的修饰语往往是the/this/that.that 常有后置定语修饰。Joans handwriting is far better than that(=handwriting)of Tom.琼的书写比汤姆的书写好得多。These pictures are more beautiful than those(=pictures).这些画比那些画更美丽。The umbrella you bought yesterday is cheaper than that I bought.昨天你买的那把伞比我买的便宜。3.one 既可指人也可指物，有时可用the one 代替that,the ones 代替those.She is the teacher,the one who is loved by the students.她就是那个受学生爱戴的老师。The book on the desk is better than that/the one under the desk.书桌上的这本书比书桌下面的那本好。The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.书桌上面的这些书比书桌下面的那些书好。4.It 指代同名同物。用来替代人和物，指可数名单数或不可数名词，它替代的人和物就是被替代的名词本身，即上面提到的人或物本身,it=(the/this/that/my/your/his+名词)I cant find my hat.I don t know where I put it.(同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat.I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。I have lost my pen;Im looking for it now.1.-Who is singing in the next room?-_ must be Marie.A.It B.She C.This D.There 2.My son wants a pet rabbit for long,but I have no time to buy _ for him.A.It B.that C.the one D.one 3.-Oh,theres someone in the room.-_ must be my brother.A.He B.This C.It 4._ took me three months to finish it.A.That B.This C.It D.What 5.They kept one black dog and two white _,A.one B.ones C.ones 6.The price of a cup of coffee is higher than _ of a glass of cola.A.it B.price C.that D.one 7.We find _ impossible to get there before 8 oclock.A.her B.it C.this D.that 8.-Do you like Lucys new skirt?-Yes,very much.Ill ask Mum to buy _ for me.A.it B.one C.this D.that 巧记such 与so 的用法歌诀名词前such,形、副前so,多多少少也用so.little 纯属特例，“小”用such,“少”用so.such,so 的用法可用下列结构表示：such(+adj.)+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that-clausesuch+a/an(+adj.)+可数名词单数+that-clause.so+adj./adv.+that-clause.so+many/few+复数名词+that clauseso+much/little(少的)+不可数名词+that-clauseso+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that-clauseEg;There is so little time left that I have to leave at once.剩下的时间不多了我得马上离开。He made so many mistakes that he didnt pass the exam.他在考试中出现得错误太多，以致于没能及格。Tom was such an honest boy that he was praised by the teacher.汤姆时个诚实得孩子，因而受到了老师得表扬。His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.