选修7unit2动词不定式的被动语态

一、复习各种时态的被动语态一、复习各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:be+done （以（以 the book,publish 为例）为例）一般现在一般现在/过去时：过去时：The book _.一般一般/过去将来时过去将来时:The book _.The book _.现在现在/过去进行时：过去进行时：The book _.现在现在/过去完成时过去完成时:The book _.情态动词：情态动词：The book _.is/was publishedwill/would be publishedis/was going to be publishedis/was being publishedhas/had been publishedcan/could/may/mightbe published二、动词不定式的被动语态二、动词不定式的被动语态 1.动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1）一般式）一般式 （not/never）to be done 2）完成式）完成式 （not/never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1)做主语（常用做主语（常用it做形式主语）做形式主语）To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。2)做表语做表语 The party is to be held next Saturday evening.明年明年,这种新药将在这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by.It is a great honor to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of Asian Games.The new drug is to be tested out on the 500overweight people next year.3)做宾语做宾语 She didnt like to be treated as a child.He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father.这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。The clerk wouldnt like to be laughed at by her customers4)做宾语补足语做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座 电影院。电影院。The disabled child expected the cinema to be designed by the chief architect.5）做定语）做定语 What a victory to be envied by those women!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。The English are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in London.6）做状语）做状语 All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知）却被告知 所有的票都卖完了。所有的票都卖完了。He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1.1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成2.逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名或另一名 词词/代词代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,He has nothing to eat.分析：分析：eat 动动nothing宾宾 /he 主主eat 谓谓 I will give you a book to read.分析：分析：_ 动动_宾宾/_主主_谓谓 这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。reada bookyoureadThe elegant lady had something to declare.比较：比较：I have a lot of letters to type.(我有很多信件要打印：我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter)I have a lot of letters to be typed.(意思为：意思为：I get sb.to type the letter)1)Ill go to New York.Have you anything _(take)to your wife there?2)Have you any clothes _(wash),sir?”asked the maid 3)I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _(wash)to be takento be washedto wash 注意：注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式不定式则必须用被动式。3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。2)在在“主语主语+表语（形容词）表语（形容词）to do”中，中，主语也是主语也是 不定式的逻辑宾语不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是即不定式动词和主语之间是 动宾关系。动宾关系。This question is easy to answer.（分析：（分析：answer(动动)-this question（宾）（宾）注意：注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。John is difficult to deal with.（分析：（分析：_(动动)-_(宾宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。这题目很难算出来。deal withJohnThe armchair is comfortable to sit inThe question is difficult to work out4.There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被结构中，用不定式的主动和被 动式来修饰主语，区别不大。动式来修饰主语，区别不大。There is a lot of work to do/to be done.(多用主动形式多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。没有什么可担心的。There is nothing to worry about.1.It will take several weeks for your computer to _(repair).2.I knew him _(catch)by the police.3.A vote is required _(take)in our company at once.4.This makes it possible for them _(make)metals into any required shapes.5.Dick sped on the motorway only _(fine).6.When some money went missing from the bank,Thomas was believed _(steal)it.be repairedto have been caughtto be takento maketo have stolento be fined练习练习7.I hope _(admit)to Zhongshan University.8.The book is said to _ (translate)into several languages.9.I feel greatly honored _ (welcome)into their society.10.Come on!It is an easy sentence _(translate).11.When I came in,he pretended to _.(read)12.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _(receive)in time for Christmas.13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive)after drinking.to translateto be welcomedhave been translatedto be admittedbe readingto be receivednot to drive14.Hearing the good news,he was too excited _(speak).15.It happened _(rain)when I got there.16.I am terribly sorry _(lose)your key.17.I am sorry _(say)that he is going from bad to worse.18.He asked _(send)to the place where he was most needed.19.What he hoped was _(admit)into the university20.He got to the station only _(find)all the tickets had been sold out.21.I am sorry _(keep)you waiting so long.to speakto be rainingto have lostto sayto be sentto be admittedto findto have kept22.On their return the father asked his son _(explain)what he had learnt.23.My advisor encouraged me _(take)a summer course to improve my writing skills.24.I dont know whether you happen _(hear),but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September.25.The flu is believed _(cause)by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.26.He seems _（punish)by his teacher yesterday.27._(save)the badly sick lady,the doctor had an operation on her.28.He was too frightened _ (say)anything.to explainto taketo have heardto be causedto have been punishedTo saveto say29.The school ordered all the classroom _(clean).30.My grandmother seems to have a lot _(worry)about.31.I am going to the post office.Do you have any letter _(post)?32.You are lucky enough _ (not catch)in the rain.not to have been caughtto be postedto worry to be cleaned二、翻译练习二、翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了据说这会议已经被取消了 The meeting is said to have been cancelled.2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。The student seems to have lost interest in politics.3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。The disabled dont like to be laughed at.4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。没有可以可以浪费的时间了。There is no time to waste/be wasted5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸 It is a great honor to be invited to the English Club.6.她假装没有听懂我说的话。她假装没有听懂我说的话。She pretended not to understand what I had said.7.我希望被中山大学录取。我希望被中山大学录取。I hope/expect to be admitted into Zhangshan University8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。I am sorry to have forgotten your telephone number.