过去分词作定语和表语_Grammar

The Past Participle(1)as the Attribute and Predicative过去分词作定语和表语过去分词作定语和表语 Unit 1 Grammar a lighted candle一支点燃的蜡烛一支点燃的蜡烛a used stamp一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票Translationa broken coin一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币一名退休教师一名退休教师a retired teacheran injured finger一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手指一个醉鬼一个醉鬼a drunken/drunk man基本形式和意义基本形式和意义 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当定语、以充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状表语、宾语补足语和状语，不可以单独构成谓语。过去分词的语，不可以单独构成谓语。过去分词的基本形式是基本形式是“动词动词+-ed+-ed”，也有不规则，也有不规则的形式。的形式。The Past Participle-Look at the excited boy!Why is he so happy?-He has got the first prize in the contest.-No wonder he is excited!Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.1.单个过去分词或由过去分词构成的复单个过去分词或由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之前；当修饰不定代词时，放的名词之前；当修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词之后。在不定代词之后。表示被动或完成意义。表示被动或完成意义。过去分词作定语过去分词作定语例如：例如：1)an honored guest a retired teacher 2)Everybody invited is expected to arrive at least 15 minutes early.3)The Great Wall is a well-known tourist attractionLeave的的过过去去分分词词left表表示示“剩剩下下的的，剩剩余的余的”时候，常置于被修饰词之后。时候，常置于被修饰词之后。如：如：Dont worry.There is half an hour left.2.过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词之过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：例如：For breakfast he only drinks juice from the fresh fruit _ on his own farm.A.grown B.being grown C.to be grown D.to grow 分析：分析：grown on his farm 相当于限定性定语从相当于限定性定语从句句 which/that are grown on his own farmThe disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded分析：分析：digitally recorded in the studio 相相当于非限定性定语从句当于非限定性定语从句 which is digitally recorded in the studioe.g.The books written by Lu Xun are popular Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago With the governments aid,those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.3.一一些些不不及及物物动动词词也也有有过过去去分分词词形形式式。由由于于不不及及物物动动词词不不可可以以直直接接加加宾宾语语，所所以以其其过过去去分分词作定语时只表示完成，没有被动意义。词作定语时只表示完成，没有被动意义。例如：例如：fallen leaves the risen sun the advanced countries a retired teacher newly-arrived goods 动词动词-ed形式作定语形式作定语和和 动词动词-ing形式作定语形式作定语有什么区别呢？有什么区别呢？1 1）语态不同）语态不同-ing表主动、进行；表主动、进行；-ed表被动表被动、完成完成the falling leaves 落叶落叶（正往下落的正往下落的)the fallen leaves 落叶落叶（已落到地面的（已落到地面的)the changing worldthe changed world（正在变化的）（正在变化的）（变化了的）（变化了的）boiling waterboiled water（正在沸腾的（正在沸腾的)（已经沸腾过的）（已经沸腾过的）fading flowers faded flowers(正在凋谢的正在凋谢的)（已经凋谢的）（已经凋谢的）a developing countrya developed country(发展中的发展中的)（发达的）（发达的）2）时间关系不同）时间关系不同-ing 表示表示“正在正在 进行进行”或或“与谓语动词同与谓语动词同时进行时进行”或或“经常性经常性”。-ed 表示动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。表示动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?“Cant you read?”Mary said,angrily pointing to the notice.The house built about 50 years ago was damaged in an earthquake.3）及物动词的过去分词与现在分及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可表示被动词的被动式都可表示被动,但但-ed表示表示一个完成了的动作一个完成了的动作,而而being done多表多表示一个正在进行的动作。示一个正在进行的动作。The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with us.The problem being discussed now has something to do with us.The building being built is our library.1.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.2.A.first playing 3.B.to be first played 4.C.first played D.to be playing考点点拨考点点拨 简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选待选部分是一个作定语、修饰部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语的后置分词短语;再再根据根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受来说只能是被动承受,且已完成且已完成(in 776 B.C.)。因此。因此,该题应选该题应选C。2.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 简析简析:该题应选该题应选B。测试过去分词作后测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句 which is spoken。3.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited简析简析:该题应选该题应选A。测试过去分词作后。测试过去分词作后置置定语表达被动定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句who were invited。4.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 简析简析:该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限可以用非限制制性定语从句性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。代替。5.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 简析简析:该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词作后测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句thatwere written。另外另外,分词作状语时分词作状语时,如果其如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时致时,需要独立主格结构或需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。复合结构来替代。(此时此时,也可把也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。)例例:The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 简析简析:很显然很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands,而不是句子的主语而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而而 his hands 对于动词对于动词 tie来说来说,只能是被只能是被动承受。因此动承受。因此,该题应选该题应选D。1.过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或 所处的状态，与被动语态结构相似，主要是所处的状态，与被动语态结构相似，主要是 表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个形容词表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个形容词 其前的系动词有包括其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。在内的多种形式。如：如：Everyone present was very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。You seem frightened.你似乎受了惊吓。你似乎受了惊吓。过去分词作表语过去分词作表语过去分词过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或状态，作表语，强调主语的特点或状态，相当于形容词；相当于形容词；被动语态被动语态中，句子主语是动作的承受者，中，句子主语是动作的承受者，后面常跟后面常跟by。例如：例如：This shop is closed(状态状态)This shop is closed by the local government.(动作动作)2.过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构 与被动语态的区别与被动语态的区别 3.3.一些表示情感的动词的过去分一些表示情感的动词的过去分词以及其他一些词的过去分词常作词以及其他一些词的过去分词常作表语。除了与表语。除了与bebe连用之外，也可以连用之外，也可以与与appear,become,feel,get,grow,look,remain,seem等系动词连用。等系动词连用。可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：connected crowded covered gone tired delighted disappointed upset surprised pleased astonished excited frightened experienced interested qualified puzzled exhausted satisfied drunk known married lost separated amused worried brokenComplete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.1.丢了钱他自责不已。丢了钱他自责不已。He _ about losing the money.2.你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡 得好吗？得好吗？Why do you always _?Do you sleep well these days?got blamedlook so tired3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它 能好些。能好些。I _ the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film starwas disappointed withwas shocked5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。The children _ going to the zoo6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。His wound _ a new virusare really excited aboutbecame infected with1._ in the traffic accident _ taken to hospital.A.An injured,was B.The injured,has C.The injuring,were D.The injured,have beenChoose the best answer.2.The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch.A.referred to look B.referred to looking C.referred to looks D.referring to looks3.From the date _ on the gold coin,we decided that it was made 500 years ago.A.marking B.marked C.to be marked D.having been marked4.Experts think that we need to eat meat because it contains vitamins and minerals _ in vegetables.A.not finding B.not to be found C.not found D.which is not found5.The business of on-line shopping so far has been _ for the sellers who are already offering their services.A.disappointed B.disappointing C.disappoint D.to be disappointed