现在完成时的用法

现在完成时现在完成时及其考点及其考点同学们要用心呀！我们不能总复习注意啦！机不可失，失不再来！考点一：考查基本概念考点一：考查基本概念例 Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _whats happened to him.（呼和浩特）.knew .have known .must know .will know简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。考点二：考查时间状语考点二：考查时间状语例1.He has _ been to Shanghai,has he?A.already .never .ever .still例2.Have you met Mr Li _？.just .ago .before .a moment ago例3.The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.is writing .was writing .wrote .has written例4.Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.has changed;well .changed;good.has changed;better .changed;better例5.Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.was;studying .will;study.has;studied .are;studying例6.We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.know .had known .have known .knew例7.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.will see .have seen .saw .see简析：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类：现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故例1应选B；例2应选现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last+一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故例3应选D，例4应选C。现在完成时时常与“for+时间段或since+过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故例5应选C，例6应选C。现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故例7应选B。考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别例1.These farmers have been to the United States.Really?When _ there?.will they go .did they go.do they go .have they gone 例2._ you _ your homework yet?Yes.I _ it a moment ago.Did;do;finished .Have;done;finished.Have;done;have finished .will;do;finish简析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday,last week,a moment ago等）连用。故例、的正确答案皆为B。考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法例例1.His father _ the Party since 1978.joined .has joined .was in .has been in例例2.Do you know him well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.were .have been .have become .have made例例3.How long have you _ here?About two months.been .gone .come .arrived例例4.Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.has begun .had begun.has been on .began例例5.His uncle died two years ago.（改变句子，句意不变）（改变句子，句意不变）His uncle has _ for two years 例例6.Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同义句）（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _.例例7.It _ ten years since he left the army.is .has .will .was简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下：closebe closed,put on-wear,openbe open get upbe up,finish/endbe over,losebe lost,marrybe married(to),fall asleep/go to sleep be asleep,get to know know,come/arrivebe here/in,come/get backbe back,go/leave-be away,become be,borrow keep,buyhave,begin/startbe on,diebe dead,joinbe in/be a member of,catch a cold have a cold等，故例1、2、3、4的正确答案依次为：D、B、A、C。例5应填been dead。其次，可以用相应的延续性动词的过去时表示，故例6应填joined；ago。再次，还可用“It is+一段时间since从句”来表示，故例应选A。考点五：考查词组考点五：考查词组have/has been in/to与与have/has gone to的区别的区别例1.Miss Green isnt in the office.she_ to the library.has gone .went .will go .has been例2.My parents _ Shandong for ten years.have been in .have been to.have gone to .have been简析：“have/has gone to+地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in+地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。