宾语从句讲稿

We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句 一 什么 是宾语从句？试比较Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员宇航员)?Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.Please tell me where she has gone.I dont know if he will come tonight.Lets find out whats on tonight.Find out the Object Clauses We are proud of that Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world .Helen says that she will learn French next year.Do you know where he comes from?He asked me if I could get to the bus station on time.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是是运用陈述句的语序运用陈述句的语序，即是，即是“主语在前，谓主语在前，谓语在后语在后”的顺序。的顺序。My favorite sport isI amI speak/have/likeI can playAre you?Can you play?Do you do?Where are you?What can you do?How do you do?陈陈述述句句一般一般疑问疑问句句特殊特殊疑问疑问句句结构比较结构比较_ +_+_主语主语谓语谓语.?_ +_ +_特殊特殊疑问词疑问词一般一般疑问句疑问句 be情态动词情态动词助动词助动词_/_ /_+_ +_主语主语谓语谓语?句子的两种语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述句结构叫陈述语序陈述语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问句结构叫疑问语序疑问语序 将下列句子改成陈述句语序：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：1.Is there a bank near here?2.Is it on Fifth Avenue?3.Are they doing homework?There is a bank near here It is on Fifth Avenue They are doing homework.把动词还原把动词还原本该在位置本该在位置 4.Does she work in a hospital?5.Did you go to Center Park?6.Do we have to wear a uniform?she works in a hospital.You went to Center Park.we have to wear a uniform.we can wear hats in school.7.Can we wear hats in school?8.Wheres your pen pal from?9.Where does he live?10.What language does she speak?11.Why do you like pandas?Where your pen pal is from Where he livesWhat language she speaks Why you like pandas?宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：述语序。如：He is an honest boy.The teacher said.The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if he works hard.或或I wonder whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know.I dont know when he left.Whats the matter?(怎么了怎么了?)等等,在作宾语在作宾语从句时从句时,语序不变语序不变.如如:Could you tell me whats the matter?可以告诉我怎么了吗可以告诉我怎么了吗?3.下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。1.I think that he will come to China next year.2.I want to know if he was at home yesterday.3.Can you tell me where does your mother work?4.Do you know who can answer the question?5.Please tell us where is the hospital?your mother works the hospital isTTTFF2.由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。充当句子成份。e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is?（谁的，作定语）（谁的，作定语）2)Could you tell me why the train is late?（为（为什么，作状语）什么，作状语）3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，（谁，作主语）作主语）注：注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。e.g.I hear(that)he will be back in an hour.1.由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词3.由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.I want to know if/whether she is right.They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not.if/whether 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 表示表示“是否是否”之义，在句中之义，在句中不充当句子成份。不充当句子成份。if/whether可互换可互换,但但whetheror not为固定搭配为固定搭配.看一看：看一看：I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains,Ill stay at home.I want to know when he will come back.When he comes back,please tell me.whenwhen和和if if 既可以引导既可以引导宾语从句宾语从句，也可以引导，也可以引导状语从句状语从句。在宾语。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现主将从现的的原则原则。宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear(that)Jim (be)a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (be)to the Great Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)He to Hong Kong.2)He sick.3)He a book.4)HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）时态。（特殊性原则）He told me(that)Summer is after Spring.I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.My parents told me(that)no news is good news.比一比比一比If 与whether 的区别1.I dont know _ he will come or not.2.I dont care of _ he is handsome.3.He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4._ he will come is not decided.与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether宾宾语语从从句句三三要要素素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变本课小结本课小结练习：练习：将下列各句合并成宾语从句。将下列各句合并成宾语从句。1.What is his name?I dont know _2.When did you begin to study English?I didnt know _3.It is important to learn English.The teacher said _4.Does he live in that street?Could you tell me_what his name is.when you began to study English.it was important to learn English.if he lives in that street.Translate the following sentences.1.我认为不会下雨我认为不会下雨 I _ that it _.2.我认为你的答案不对我认为你的答案不对.I _your answer right.我们相信他还没走？我们相信他还没走？We _ that he _.宾语从句的否定转移：宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,guess,suppose 等，等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主语中的动词否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主语中的动词 dont think will raindont thinkisdont believe has gone1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear they _(return)it already.5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)will be goes were playing has returned had been 1.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)2.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)3.I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)4.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)travels are talking were were doing10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do)wrote moves has taken had been risesdid将将下列句子合并为一句下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.将将下列句子合并为一句下列句子合并为一句:5.“I will come back.”Tom said.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doing his homework.Tom asked when he would come back.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.1.填写合适的引导词填写合适的引导词 1 Can you tell me_you were born,Betty?A.who B.what C.when D.that 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A.what B.if C.when D.where 3 I hardly understand._ he has told me.A.that B.what C.which D.who 4 She didnt know_ back soon.A.whether he would be B.if would he be C.he will be CABB 5.I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A.whether B where C.what D.when 6.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A.what B when C why D how7.He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose8.He asked his friend _ to go there or not.A.if B whether C.what D.that CAAB2：用：用that,if/whether,how,where,what,.等连接等连接词填空词填空.1.I hear_ they will visit our school next week.2.Do you know_ the girl is?3.Could you tell me _I can get to the park?4.We thought _you had never been there before.5.Please tell me_ you live.thatwhohowthatwhere6.Mother asked me _ I had finished my homework.7.Do you know_ she is angry?8.The teacher asked_ your name was.9.Tom is ten.I want to know _ you are.10.He asked you_ you were a student or not.whywhathow oldwhetherif/whether时态练习时态练习1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A.has never gone B.had never gone C.has never been D.had never been3 Could you tell me whether they_ dictation today.A.had B.has.C.will have D.areADCCould you tell me+宾语从句？表达的是委婉宾语从句？表达的是委婉的语气，是一般现在时。的语气，是一般现在时。4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A.could she B.she could C.she can D.she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A.traveled B.has traveled C.travels D.had traveledBC5.If/when 区别练习区别练习:1.If it _(rain)tomorrow，I wont come.2.He didnt tell me if it _(rain)tomorrow.3.I dont know if he _(come)tomorrow.If he_(come),Ill tell you.4.When it _(stop)raining,well go swimming.5.Could you tell me when the film _(start)?Ill leave for a moment.would rainrainswill comecomesstopswill start如果如果是否是否是否是否如果如果当当.的时的时候候什么时候什么时候综合练习综合练习(各地中考题各地中考题)1.In the bookshop,a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.that B.how C.what D.if 2.I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.-He will help us with our English.A.why B.when C.how D.where 3.-We never know _ the old man is.-They say he is a teacher.A.what B.who C.which D.where AD谁动了我了奶酪谁动了我了奶酪A4.I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when 5.-Do you know _?Im going to see him.-Sorry,I dont know.A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li live C.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived 6-W here do you think _ he _ the computer?-Sorry,I have no idea A.;bought B.has;bought C.did;buy D.does;buy DCA 17.I dont feel very well.Mum asked me _ this morning.A.what the matter is B.what is wrong C.what the matter was D.what was the matter 8.-Where is Jack?-He is away to spend his holiday.Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan,but Im not sure _.A.that B.which C.where D.there DCThanks