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专题01被动语态【理论回顾】一、主动语态和被动语态1. 英语共有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。二者都是用来说明 与之间的逻辑关系。2. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态说明主语是动作的。二、被动语态形式时态主动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+ done一般过去时didwas/were+done现在进行时am/is/are+doing am/is/are+过去进行时was/were+doing was/were+一般将来时shall/will+be/doshall/will+done过去将来时would+be/dowould+ +done现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+done过去完成时had+donehad+done三、主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换Wevisitedthat factorylast summer. 主动语态主语 谓语 宾语 状语That factorywas visitedby uslast summer. 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语四、被动语态条件1. 语义的需要：当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。如：The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. (不知谁打破的)They have been poorly paid.他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)2. 强调的需要：突出或强调动作的承受者。如：These books are written especially for children. (强调的是“这些书”)3. 交际的需要：为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：You are requested to make a speech at next meeting.请您在下次会议上作个发言。It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。五、主动语态变被动语态的注意事项1. 主动句中的主语为people,we，you,they等含糊表示“人们”、“大家”的单词，变主动句时，通常删除by，但原主语被强调者除外。2. 含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语。但多以间接宾语作主语。【想一想】英语中在哪些情况下会用主动形式表被动含义？【练一练】一、 判断主动句与被动句1. He has finished the work .2. Many English words have been learned by her .3. He often tells us interesting stories .4.She is often heard to sing this popular song .二、 将以下主动句变为被动句1. People speak English in many countries.2. We built this bridge last year.3. Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.4. You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.5. They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.三、 选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. Planted( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year.A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written四、 用正确的时态和语态填空1. Nearly everybody here（know）when the old museum （build）.2. The building can （see）from every part of the city ; It（build）many years ago .3. Yesterday Tom（tell）me that his bike （break）last week .4. The students often （tell）to take care of their desks and chairs .5. Now he （be）asked if the meeting（hold）next Friday .6. It is known to all that the moon （turn）round the earth .7. Miss Li often （use）a recorder in her English class. But she（not use）it tomorrow .8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits （sell）in this shop .9. The pictures （take）by Jack tomorrow .10. The song （like）by us all twenty years ago .【乐一乐】被动语态顺口溜一般现、过用bedone，be有人称、时、数变完成时态havedone，被动将been加中间一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为bedone将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoing现在完成进行同，have(has)beendoing现、过进行bedoing,被动be加beingdone情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前一般情助加bedone，双宾多将间宾变复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变
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