【高考英语语法】第一课时-名词课件

第一讲通晓七大词类语法奠基篇（第一课时名词）第一讲通晓七大词类语法奠基篇（第一课时名词）内容索引高频考点突破高频考点突破分层综合演练分层综合演练内容索引高频考点突破分层综合演练高考考什么高考考什么名词是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空题型中。名词部分主要考查：名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)名词和冠词的搭配抽象名词的具体化 名词的词性变化名词的词义辨析高考考什么名词是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法第一课时名词语法脉图第一课时名词语1.可数可数名名词的复数的复数(1)规则变化化高频考点突破名词的数考点1情况情况方法方法例词例词一般情况一般情况加加sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以以s，x，ch，sh结尾结尾加加esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但，但stomach复数复数形式直接加形式直接加s，即，即stomachs1.可数名词的复数(1)规则变化高频考点突破名词的数考点1情情况情况方法方法例词例词以辅音以辅音字母字母y结尾结尾变变y为为I再再加加esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音以元音字母字母y结尾结尾加加sboys，toys以以f或或fe结尾结尾多变多变f或或fe为为v，再加，再加esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加少数加sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，hiefs以以o结尾结尾通常加通常加sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加有的加esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes情况方法例词以辅音字母y结尾变y为I再加esfamil【名师指津】以以o结结尾尾的的下下列列名名词词要要加加es：“黑黑人人英英雄雄爱爱吃吃土土豆豆、西西红红柿柿”，即即Negroes，heroes,potatoes，tomatoes。以以f或或fe结结尾尾的的名名词词需需要要把把f或或fe去去掉掉，加加ves：“为为了了自自己己活活命命，小小偷偷和和他他的的妻妻子子手手里里拿拿着着刀刀子子和和树树叶叶站站在在架架子子上上，把把狼狼劈劈成成两两半半”，即即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。【名师指津】以o结尾的下列名词要加es：“黑人英雄爱吃(2)不不规则变化化自身变化自身变化的名词的名词child孩子孩子children，man男人男人men，tooth牙牙teeth,foot脚；脚；英尺英尺feet，mouse老鼠老鼠mice，phenomenon现象现象phenomena，medium传播媒介传播媒介media单复数同单复数同形名词形名词Chinese中国人；中国人；sheep绵羊；绵羊；deer鹿；鹿；series系列；系列；means方式；方式；works工厂；工厂；fish鱼；鱼；fruit水果等。其中水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits合成名词合成名词soninlawsonsinlaw，passerbypassersby,storytellerstorytellersEverypossiblemeanshasbeentried，butnonehasworked.每每一种可能的方式都已一种可能的方式都已经被被尝试了，但是没有起作用的。了，但是没有起作用的。(2)不规则变化自身变化child孩子children，mLater，theylearnedtoworkwiththe_(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌灌溉)theirfields.(2020浙江卷浙江卷语法填空法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall_(cause)(2018全国卷全国卷语法填空法填空)即时训练1 单句语法填空seasonscausesLater，theylearnedtoworkwiFew people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.MakingChinese_(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.(2018浙江卷浙江卷语法填空法填空)This trend，which was started by the medical community(医医学学界界)as amethod of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side_(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdiseasetheverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(全国卷全国卷语法填空法填空)Shehasturneddownseveral_(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.(全国卷全国卷语法填空法填空)disheseffectsinvitationsFewpeopleIknowseemtohav2.不可数不可数名名词(物物质名名词和抽象名和抽象名词)(1)只只用用作作不不可可数数名名词的的名名词：advice，furniture，fun，information，news，weather，progress，wealth等。等。(2)抽抽象象名名词具具体体化化：抽抽象象名名词与与a(an)连用用，淡淡化化了了抽抽象象概概念念，转化化为具具体体的的动作、行作、行为或或类别等概念等概念。单词抽象名抽象名词意意义具体化名具体化名词意意义success成功成功成功的人或事成功的人或事pleasure乐趣趣令人高令人高兴的事的事beauty美；美美；美丽美美丽的人或事物的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物令人感到安慰的人或事物2.不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)单词抽象名词意义具体化名单词抽象名抽象名词意意义具体化名具体化名词意意义danger危危险危危险的人或因素的人或因素delight高高兴令人高令人高兴的事的事failure失失败失失败的人或事物的人或事物surprise惊奇惊奇令人惊奇的事情令人惊奇的事情shock震惊震惊令人震惊的事情令人震惊的事情pride骄傲傲令人令人骄傲的人或事情傲的人或事情Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的你的贡献一定会使献一定会使这个事件很成功。个事件很成功。单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义danger危险危险的人或因素1.s所所有有格格：and连接接的的并并列列名名词表表示示各各自自的的所所有有关关系系时，要要分分别在在并并列列名名词后后加加s或或；表表示示共共同同的的所所有有关关系系时，只只在在最最后后一一个个名名词后后加加s或或。表示店表示店铺、办公室或某人的家公室或某人的家时，名，名词所有格后被修所有格后被修饰的名的名词一般省略。一般省略。TomsandJimsrooms汤姆和吉姆姆和吉姆(各自各自)的房的房间TomandJimsroom汤姆和吉姆姆和吉姆(共同共同)的房的房间atthebarbers在在理理发店店名词所有格考点21.s所有格：and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时2.of所所有有格格：无无生生命命的的事事物物的的名名词通通常常用用of所所有有格格表表示示所所有有关关系系；名名词短短语或或有定有定语修修饰的有生命的名的有生命的名词也常用也常用of所有格。所有格。thecontentofthenovel小小说的内容的内容thenameofthegirloverthere那那边那位女孩的名字那位女孩的名字3.双重双重所有格：所有格：“名名词of名名词所有格所有格”或或“名名词of名名词性物主代性物主代词”。aplayofShakespeares莎士比莎士比亚的一个的一个戏剧aphotoofmine我的一我的一张照片照片2.of所有格：无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关Canyou_(给我一些建我一些建议)onhowtodriveacar?WecangotothelibraryorsurftheInternetfor_(各种各各种各样的信息的信息)_(房房子子的的窗窗户)were broken during the bigstorm.即时训练2补全句子givemesomeadvicevarious/allkindsofThewindowsofthehouseinformationCanyou_1.动词转化化为名名词的后的后缀动词、形容词与名词之间的词形转换考点3后缀后缀例词例词ion/tion/sion/ationcorrectcorrection改正改正celebratecelebration庆祝庆祝(活动活动)attractattraction吸引；有吸引力的人或事物吸引；有吸引力的人或事物concludeconclusion结论；结论；结束结束discussdiscussion讨论；讨论；论述论述decidedecision决定决定admitadmission承认；准许加入承认；准许加入permitpermission允许，允许，许可许可inviteinvitation邀请邀请explainexplanation解释解释graduategraduation毕业毕业expectexpectation期望期望1.动词转化为名词的后缀动词、形容词与名词之间的词形转换考点后缀后缀例词例词er/orsailsailor海海员，水手，水手drivedriver司机；司机；驾驶员gathergatherer收集者，采集者收集者，采集者teachteacher老老师announceannouncer广播广播员conductconductor指指挥；售票；售票员后缀例词er/sailsailor海员，水手后缀后缀例词例词mentpunishpunishment惩罚achieveachievement成就成就argueargument辩论；论据据treattreatment对待；治待；治疗equipequipment装装备；设备governgovernment政府政府astonishastonishment惊奇惊奇后缀例词mentpunishpunishment惩罚后缀后缀例词例词ance/enceappearappearance出出现；外貌；外貌guideguidance指引；指指引；指导performperformance表演；表表演；表现existexistence存在；生存存在；生存preferpreference偏偏爱referreference参考，参考，查阅ure/turefailfailure失失败；倒；倒闭presspressure压力力departdeparture离开；出离开；出发mixmixture混合混合(物物)后缀例词appearappearance 出现；外貌ur后缀后缀例词例词inghearhearing听力，听听力，听觉beginbeginning开始开始buildbuilding建筑建筑yrecoverrecovery恢复，痊愈恢复，痊愈discoverdiscovery发现scarescarey害怕害怕其他其他choosechoice选择varyvariety多多样化；种化；种类tendtendency趋向；向；趋势后缀例词inghearhearing听力，听觉yrec2.形容形容词转化化为名名词的后的后缀后后缀例例词ageshortshortagecyefficientefficiency效率效率fluentfluency流利流利accurateaccuracy准确性准确性privateprivacy隐私私domfreefreedom自由自由wisewisdom明智；智慧明智；智慧2.形容词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortsho后后缀例例词encedifferentdifference差异差异silentsilence沉默沉默evidentevidence证据据nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点虚弱；弱点kindkindness仁慈，友好仁慈，友好carelesscarelessness粗心大意粗心大意thstrongstrength力气；力气；优势warmwarmth温暖；温暖；热情情后缀例词encedifferentdifference差后后缀例例词y/ty/itysafesafety安全安全disabledisability缺陷；缺陷；伤残残responsibleresponsibility责任任honesthonesty诚实difficultdifficulty困困难后缀例词y/ty/itysafesafety安全Historical_(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020新高考卷新高考卷语法填空法填空)Filledwith_(curious)，theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020全国卷全国卷语法填空法填空)Chinese New Year is a _(celebrate)marking the end of thewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.(2020全国卷全国卷语法填空法填空)即时训练3单句语法填空accuracycuriositycelebrationHistorical_(accuWhentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting_(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2019全国卷全国卷语法填空法填空)Wabastressedthatasan_(educate)itisrighttogoaboveandbeyondfortheirstudentsinthistoughtime.(2020山山东省省潍坊市高三二模坊市高三二模)competitioneducatorWhentheywerefreefromwork.单句句语法填空法填空1.Itwas_greatpleasureforthefamilytomovetoahousewithaverybiggarden.2.A new _(collect)of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarcticvoyagebacktolife.3.Handle the most important tasks first and youll feel a real sense of_(achieve)分层综合演练acollectionachievement.单句语法填空1.Itwas_4.Recent_(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.5.IhadtodeclineJacks_(invite)tohisbirthdaypartybecauseitconflictedwithanimportantconference.6.GoingtoCambridgeUniversityisadreamofmine，foritisoneofthetop_(university)intheworld.7.Some _(organize)have begun working hard tosavethem.(2021南宁市高三南宁市高三毕业班适班适应性性测试)studiesinvitationuniversitiesorganizations/organisations4.Recent_(study)s8.Readingabookcanopenthedoortoawonderfulnewworldofmagicand_(discover)，whichiswhypeopleallaroundtheworldlovetoread.(2021深圳市高三第一次深圳市高三第一次调研研)9.They were _(tour)from the inland of the country，and hadneverseenanAmericanbefore.(2021许昌市高三第三次昌市高三第三次质量量检测)10.AlthoughIhavesaid“Thankyou”tothemseveraltimes，Istillthinkitisnotenoughtoexpressmydeep_(appreciate)(2021皖南八校高三第三次皖南八校高三第三次联考考)discoverytouristsappreciation8.Readingabookcanopenthe.语法填空法填空Ahighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus，“Ifyoumakeoneclosefriend in school，you will be most lucky.1._ true friend issomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.”【语篇解篇解读】本文主要】本文主要讲如何加深友如何加深友谊(howtodeepenfriendships)。1A由由语境境可可知知，此此处指指类别，泛泛指指“一一个个”真真正正的的朋朋友友，故故填填不不定定冠冠词a，另在句首要大写。，另在句首要大写。.语法填空AhighschoolhistoryteExperienceshowedthathewasright.Good2._(friend)arejustnoteasilyformed.Tomostofus，friendshipsarethoughtveryimportant，butweneedtohavethekindsoffriendshipswewant.Aretheytobecloseorkeptatarms3._(long)?2friendships在在句句中中作作主主语，用用名名词形形式式；根根据据谓语动词areformed可可知，主知，主语应为复数形式，故填复数形式，故填friendships。3length在在名名词所所有有格格后后，要要用用名名词形形式式。keepsbatarmslength意意为“不使自己太靠近某人；与某人保持距离不使自己太靠近某人；与某人保持距离”。ExperienceshowedthathewasDowewanttoshareourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople，many friendships on the surface are quite enough and thats allright.Butatsomepointweneedtomakesurethatourexpectationsarethesameasour4._(friend)expectations.Thesharingof5._(person)experienceisthesurestway6._(deepen)friendships.Butitmustbeundertakenslowlyandcarriedononlyiftherearesignsofinterestandactioninreturn.4friends根据根据语境，境，应当指当指“我我们的朋友的的朋友的”，故填，故填friends。5personal在名在名词前作定前作定语，用形容，用形容词形式。形式。6todeepen在在way后用不定式作定后用不定式作定语。DowewanttoshareourselvesWhataresomeofthe7._(difficult)informingfriendships?The greatest is to expect too much too soon.Deep relationships taketime.Another main difficulty is the 8._(selfish)to think one“owns”the other，including his time and attention.Similarly，friendshipsneed actions in return.In other words，you must give as much as youtake.Finallythereisaquestionoftakingcareofeachother.7difficulties此此处用用difficulties指具体困指具体困难。8selfishness在冠在冠词后要用名后要用名词。Whataresomeofthe7._9._youspendreasonabletimetogether，talkingonthephone，writing10._(letter)ordoingthingstogether，friendshipswilldieaway.9Unless根根据据“youspend.”和和“friendshipswilldieaway”两两个个句句子子的的逻辑关系可知，关系可知，应填填unless引引导条件状条件状语从句。从句。10letters名名词作作宾语。因。因为是可数名是可数名词，且没有限定，且没有限定词，故用复数。，故用复数。9._youspendreaso.写作运用写作运用根据根据汉语提示提示补全短文，并注意名全短文，并注意名词的使用的使用DearSirorMadam，1_(我我是是你你的的一一个个顾客客)Iorderedasetofbooks on your website two weeks ago，but I didnt receive them untilyesterday.2._(令令我我失失望望的的是是)，thebooksweresopoorlypackedupthat3._(其其中中一一本本书的的书皮皮破破损了了).4._(更更为糟糟糕糕的的是是)，itwasnotacompleteset，asIfoundonebookmissing.ImoneofyourcustomersAndtomydisappointmentthecoverofonebookwastornTomakethings/mattersworse.写作运用根据汉语提示补全短文，并注意名词的使用DearImsorrytohavereceivedsuchpoorservice，andIhopethatyoueitherreturnmymoney5._(或或者者给我我派派送送一一套套新新书)Besides，Idliketobeinformedoftheprocessofyourdealingwithmycomplaint.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.ordeliveranewsetofbookstomeImsorrytohavereceivedsuCHUANGXINSHEJIThanks!CHUANGXINThanks!