Lesson-5-机械英语

机械工程专业英语教程Lesson 5 Shafts and CouplingsTerminologyText tour 4/14/20241机械工程专业英语教程TerminologyCoupling A coupling is a device for connecting the ends of adjacent shafts.联轴器：联轴器是用来把相邻的两个轴的轴端联接起来的装置联轴器：联轴器是用来把相邻的两个轴的轴端联接起来的装置4/14/20242机械工程专业英语教程Socket wrenchA wrench with a usually interchangeable socket to fit over a nut or bolt套筒扳手：通常带有可替换套筒以适于螺帽或螺栓套筒扳手：通常带有可替换套筒以适于螺帽或螺栓的扳手的扳手 4/14/20243机械工程专业英语教程Bolt 螺栓螺栓,螺杆螺杆 Nut 螺母螺母Keyway A slot for a key in the hub or shaft of a wheel键槽：轮毂里或轴上装键的沟槽键槽：轮毂里或轴上装键的沟槽4/14/20244机械工程专业英语教程coupling n.联结联结,结合结合,耦合耦合rectangular n.矩形矩形 a.矩形的矩形的,直角的直角的cross section n.横截面横截面(剖面剖面,样品样品,抽样抽样)screw n.螺丝钉螺丝钉,压迫压迫v.扭紧扭紧,压榨压榨 screw driver 螺丝刀螺丝刀,改锥改锥blade n.刀锋刀锋,刀口刀口The blade needs sharpening.4/14/20245机械工程专业英语教程socket n.插座插座,插口插口wrench n.v.扳手，拧，扳紧，扭转扳手，拧，扳紧，扭转socket wrench套筒扳手套筒扳手 socket wrench set 全套套筒扳手全套套筒扳手knob n.把手把手,瘤瘤He gave a wrench at the knob.stem n.茎茎,杆杆v.堵住堵住,阻止阻止,起源于起源于 Our ship stemmed on against the current.我们的船逆流而上。我们的船逆流而上。4/14/20246机械工程专业英语教程Torsional a.扭力的扭力的,扭转的扭转的torque n.转力矩；捻扭的金属项圈、领圈转力矩；捻扭的金属项圈、领圈或臂圈或臂圈mounted v.安装安装a.安装好的安装好的Storage Mounted Device 表面安装器件表面安装器件 deviate v.脱离脱离,出轨出轨deviate from vt.脱离脱离(偏离偏离,背离背离)His remarks usually deviate from truth.4/14/20247机械工程专业英语教程twist n.一扭一扭,扭曲扭曲v.拧拧,扭曲扭曲 The accident happened at the twist in the road.Too much force will twist the key.clutch n.;v.抓紧抓紧,掌握掌握,离合器离合器,孵小鸡孵小鸡Release the clutch slowly.慢慢地松开离合器。慢慢地松开离合器。bending n.弯曲度弯曲度,挠曲度挠曲度v.弯曲弯曲Touch your toes without bending your knees.用手够到你的脚趾用手够到你的脚趾,膝盖别弯曲膝盖别弯曲.deflection n.歪斜歪斜,偏向偏向,挠度挠度.偏转偏转.The smallest deflection of the missile could bring disaster.导弹有极微小的偏斜也可能酿出大祸.reversal n.翻转翻转,倒转倒转,反转反转cold-roll 冷轧机冷轧机4/14/20248机械工程专业英语教程forge n.熔炉熔炉,锻工车间锻工车间v.锻造锻造 打制打制,1.a workplace where metal is worked by heating and hammering 2.create by hammeringadjacent a.毗连的毗连的,邻近的邻近的,接近的接近的Semipermanent a.半永久性的半永久性的propeller n.螺旋桨螺旋桨,推进器推进器a mechanical device that rotates to push against air or waterflange n.凸缘，法兰凸缘，法兰v.装凸缘装凸缘a projection used for strength or for attaching to another objecthub n.毂毂,中心，集线器，轮毂中心，集线器，轮毂the central part of a car wheel through which the shaft or axle passes bolt n.门闩门闩,螺钉螺钉 vt.用螺栓固定用螺栓固定A fools bolt is soon shot.愚者易竭其智。黔驴之技易穷。蠢人沉不住气。愚者易竭其智。黔驴之技易穷。蠢人沉不住气。4/14/20249机械工程专业英语教程alignment n.调整调整(成直线成直线,准线准线,定向定向,直线性直线性,结盟结盟)the act of adjusting or aligning the parts of a device in relation to each other rabbet n.槽口槽口,槽口接缝处槽口接缝处v.开槽口接合开槽口接合,嵌接嵌接a rectangular groove made to hold two pieces togethergearbox n.齿轮箱，变速箱齿轮箱，变速箱flexible a.灵活的灵活的,易弯曲的易弯曲的,柔韧的柔韧的This tube is flexible but tough.这管子柔软但很坚固。这管子柔软但很坚固。.You are too flexible with her.你太听任她的摆布了。你太听任她的摆布了。flexible coupling 弹性联轴器，挠性联轴器弹性联轴器，挠性联轴器In such a way as 以这样一种方式以这样一种方式shock n.冲击，冲撞，打击冲击，冲撞，打击 v.震动震动,冲突冲突,An electric shock can kill you.电击可置人于死地电击可置人于死地.4/14/202410机械工程专业英语教程1.Virtually all machines contain shafts.The most common shape for shafts is circular and the cross section can be either solid or hollow(hollow shafts can result in weight savings).Rectangular shafts are sometimes used,as in screw driver blades,socket wrenches and control knob stems.实际上，几乎所有的机器中都装有轴。轴的最常见实际上，几乎所有的机器中都装有轴。轴的最常见的形状是圆形，其截面可以是实心的，也可以是空的形状是圆形，其截面可以是实心的，也可以是空心的心的(空心轴可以减轻重量空心轴可以减轻重量)。有时也采用矩形轴，。有时也采用矩形轴，例如，螺丝起子的头部、套筒扳手和控制旋扭的杆。例如，螺丝起子的头部、套筒扳手和控制旋扭的杆。Text tour4/14/202411机械工程专业英语教程2.A shaft must have adequate torsional strength to transmit torque and not be over stressed.It must also be torsionally stiff enough so that one mounted component does not deviate excessively from its original angular position relative to a second component mounted on the same shaft.为了在传递扭矩时不发生过载，轴应该具有适当的抗扭为了在传递扭矩时不发生过载，轴应该具有适当的抗扭强度。轴还应该具有足够的抗扭刚度，以使在同一个轴强度。轴还应该具有足够的抗扭刚度，以使在同一个轴上的两个传动零件之间的相对转角不会过大。上的两个传动零件之间的相对转角不会过大。4/14/202412机械工程专业英语教程Generally speaking,the angle of twist should not exceed one degree in a shaft length equal to 20 diameters.一般来说，再长度等于轴的直径的一般来说，再长度等于轴的直径的20倍倍时，轴的扭转角不应该超过时，轴的扭转角不应该超过1.4/14/202413机械工程专业英语教程3.Shafts are mounted in bearings and transmit power through such devices as gears,pulleys,cams and clutches.These devices introduce forces which attempt to bend the shaft;hence,the shafts must be rigid enough to prevent overloading of the supporting bearings.轴安装在轴承中，通过齿轮、皮带轮、凸轮和轴安装在轴承中，通过齿轮、皮带轮、凸轮和离合器等零件传递动力。通过这些零件传来的离合器等零件传递动力。通过这些零件传来的力可能会使轴产生弯曲变形。因此，轴应该有力可能会使轴产生弯曲变形。因此，轴应该有足够的刚度以防止支撑轴承受力过大。足够的刚度以防止支撑轴承受力过大。4/14/202414机械工程专业英语教程For sizes above 5 in.,shafts are forged and machined to size.当轴的直径大于当轴的直径大于5英寸时，则采用锻造毛坯，然后英寸时，则采用锻造毛坯，然后机械加工到所需尺寸。机械加工到所需尺寸。4/14/202415机械工程专业英语教程4.Plastic shafts are widely used for light load applications.One advantage of using plastic is safety in electrical applications,since plastic is a poor conductor of electricity.轻载时，广泛参与塑料轴。由于塑料是轻载时，广泛参与塑料轴。由于塑料是电的不良导体，在电器中采用塑料比较电的不良导体，在电器中采用塑料比较安全。安全。4/14/202416机械工程专业英语教程5.Components such as gears and pulleys are mounted on shafts by means of key.The design of the key and the corresponding keyway in the shaft must be properly evaluated.For example,stress concentrations occur in shafts due to keyways,and the material removed to form the keyway further weakens the shaft.齿轮和带轮等零件通过键联接在轴上。在对键及轴上与之相齿轮和带轮等零件通过键联接在轴上。在对键及轴上与之相对应的键槽的设计中，必须进行认真的计算。例如，轴上的对应的键槽的设计中，必须进行认真的计算。例如，轴上的键槽会引起应力集中，由于键槽的存在会使轴的横截面积减键槽会引起应力集中，由于键槽的存在会使轴的横截面积减小，会进一步减弱轴的强度。小，会进一步减弱轴的强度。4/14/202417机械工程专业英语教程6.As a general rule of thumb,the difference between the operating speed and the critical speed should be at least 20 percent.一般凭经验来说，工作速度与临界速度一般凭经验来说，工作速度与临界速度之间至少应相差之间至少应相差20%。4/14/202418机械工程专业英语教程Another important aspect of shaft design is the method of directly connecting one shaft to another.This is accomplished by devices such as rigid and flexible couplings.轴的设计工作的另一个重要方面是一根轴的设计工作的另一个重要方面是一根轴与另一根轴的直接连接方法。这是由轴与另一根轴的直接连接方法。这是由刚性或者弹性联轴器实现的。刚性或者弹性联轴器实现的。4/14/202419机械工程专业英语教程7.A coupling is a device for connecting the ends of adjacent shafts.In machine construction,couplings are used to effect a semipermanent connection between adjacent rotating shafts.联轴器是把相邻的两个轴端连接起来的装置。在联轴器是把相邻的两个轴端连接起来的装置。在机械结构中，联轴器被用来实现相邻的两根转轴机械结构中，联轴器被用来实现相邻的两根转轴之间半永久性连接。之间半永久性连接。4/14/202420机械工程专业英语教程8.The connection is permanent in the sense that it is not meant to be broken during the useful life of the machine,but it can be broken and restored in an emergency or when worn parts are replaced.在机器的正常使用期间，这种连接一般不必拆开，在机器的正常使用期间，这种连接一般不必拆开，在这种意义上，可以说联轴器的连接是永久性的。在这种意义上，可以说联轴器的连接是永久性的。但在紧急情况下，或者在需要更换已磨损的零件但在紧急情况下，或者在需要更换已磨损的零件时，可以先把联轴器拆开，然后再连接上。时，可以先把联轴器拆开，然后再连接上。4/14/202421机械工程专业英语教程9.There are several types of shaft couplings,their characteristics depend on the purpose for which they are used.If an exceptionally long shaft is required in a manufacturing plant or a propeller shaft on a ship,it is made in sections that are coupled together with rigid couplings.联轴器有几种类型，它们的特性有用途而定。联轴器有几种类型，它们的特性有用途而定。如果制造工厂中或者船舶的螺旋桨需要一根特如果制造工厂中或者船舶的螺旋桨需要一根特别长的轴，可以采用分段的方式将其制造出来，别长的轴，可以采用分段的方式将其制造出来，然后采用刚性联轴器将各段连接起来。然后采用刚性联轴器将各段连接起来。4/14/202422机械工程专业英语教程A common type of rigid coupling consists of two mating radial flanges(disks)that are attached by key-driven hubs to the ends of adjacent shaft sections and bolted together through the flanges to from a rigid connection.一种常用的联轴器是由两个配对的法兰（盘）一种常用的联轴器是由两个配对的法兰（盘）组成，这两个法兰盘借助靠键传动的轴套连组成，这两个法兰盘借助靠键传动的轴套连接到相邻两节轴的两端，然后用螺栓穿过法接到相邻两节轴的两端，然后用螺栓穿过法兰连接起来形成刚性接头。兰连接起来形成刚性接头。4/14/202423机械工程专业英语教程4/14/202424机械工程专业英语教程10.In connecting shafts belonging to separate devices(such as an electric motor and a gearbox),precise aligning of the shafts is difficult and a flexible coupling is used.在把属于不同的设备在把属于不同的设备(例如一个电动机和一个变速箱例如一个电动机和一个变速箱)的轴联接起来的时候，要把这些轴精确地对准是比较的轴联接起来的时候，要把这些轴精确地对准是比较困难的，此时可以采用弹性联轴器。困难的，此时可以采用弹性联轴器。This coupling connects the shafts in such a way as to minimize the harmful effects of shaft misalignment.这种联轴器联接轴的方式可以把由于被联接的轴之间这种联轴器联接轴的方式可以把由于被联接的轴之间的轴线的不重合所造成的有害影响减少到最低程度。的轴线的不重合所造成的有害影响减少到最低程度。4/14/202425机械工程专业英语教程11.Flexible couplings also permit the shafts to deflect under their separate systems of loads and to move freely(float)in the axial direction without interfering with one another.Flexible couplings can also serve to reduce the intensity of shock loads and vibrations transmitted from one shaft to another.弹性联轴器也允许被联接的轴在它们各自的载荷系弹性联轴器也允许被联接的轴在它们各自的载荷系统作用下产生偏斜或在轴线方向自由移动统作用下产生偏斜或在轴线方向自由移动(浮动浮动)而而不至于产生相互干扰。弹性联轴器也可以用来减轻不至于产生相互干扰。弹性联轴器也可以用来减轻从一根轴传到另一根轴上的冲击载荷和振动的强度。从一根轴传到另一根轴上的冲击载荷和振动的强度。机械工程专业英语教程4/14/2024264/14/202426机械工程专业英语教程4/14/202427