八上unit6语法课件（现在完成时)

现在完成时现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense一)构成:have/has(not)+动词动词过去分词过去分词复习已学知识复习已学知识二)含义:(一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already,yet,ever,never,just,before等.注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg.Shesalreadyeightyyearsold.Itwasalreadyverylate.1.already在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法肯定句肯定句:句中句中(助后实前助后实前)/句末句末“己经己经”一般疑问句一般疑问句:句末句末(表示惊讶的语气表示惊讶的语气)“难道难道”Eg.Ivealreadyhadbreakfast.(更常见)=Ivehadbreakfastalready.(表示强调)Haveyouhadbreakfastalready?2.yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法否定句否定句:句末句末“还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句:句末句末“己经己经”Eg.Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.Eg.I have already done my homework.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?3.ever在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法肯定句肯定句/疑问句疑问句:句中句中“曾经曾经”Eg.IveeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4.never在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法否否定定句句:句句中中“从从来来没没有有”Eg.Ive never been to Beijing.注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将never变成ever;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”Eg.He has ever made dumplings.否定句否定句:Have they ever travelled by train?No,never.He has never made dumplings.5.just在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法用于用于句中句中,表示表示“刚刚刚刚”Eg.Ive just had breakfast.What have they just done?6.before在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法用于用于句末句末,表示表示“以前以前”Eg.Ive seen it before.Has she ridden a bike before?(二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或或since引导的时间状语连用.We often use We often use We often use We often use sincesincesincesince and and and and forforforfor with the present with the present with the present with the present perfect tenseperfect tenseperfect tenseperfect tenseA The Present A The Present A The Present A The Present p p p perfect erfect erfect erfect t t t tense withense withense withense withsincesincesincesince and and and and forforforforIhavenotlaughedlikethissincemychildhood.TheGreekshavetriedtocaptureourcityfortenyears.Work out the ruleWeusesincewith(aperiodoftime/apointintime).Weuseforwith(aperiodoftime/apointintime).1.for+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间一段时间2.since+从句(一般过去时)单词词组（段时间+ago)(表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since 作介词时，后面可以接一个时间点一个时间点，如：since 1980，也可以接“一段时间一段时间+ago”,如:since three years ago,since two months ago 等。since 还可用作连词连词，引导一个过去时态的一个过去时态的时间状语从句。如：我们上大学时就互相认识了。We have known each other since we went to college.for 后常接一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续持续了多长时间，如：for threeyears,for half an hour等。注1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.I have been here(ever)since I graduatedin2000.ChooseChoosesincesinceororforforwhentheyareinthepresentperfectwhentheyareinthepresentperfecttensetense_1997_1997_alongtime_alongtime_Iwas12_Iwas12_twodaysago_twodaysago_amonth_amonth_hewasborn_hewasborn_tenyears_tenyearsforforforforforforsincesincesincesincesincesincesincesinceA1 Hans is from Hamburg in Germany.He is talking to Doris.Read their conversation and answer the following questions.1WheredoesHanslive?He_in_.2HowlonghasHanslivedinHamburg?He_there_.3HowlonghasDorislivedinShanghai?She_there_.4WherewasDorisborn?She_.liveslivesHamburgHamburghaslivedhaslivedsince1996since1996haslivedhaslivedfor14yearsfor14yearswasborninwasborninShanghaiShanghai注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?Doris is talking about herself.Read what she says and then decide whether the following sentences are T(True)or F(False).Correct any false ones.Hello.ImDoris.ItsnowNovember2012.IvelivedIvelivedinShanghaisincesinceNovember1998.IvestudiedatNewPointJuniorHighSchoolforoneyearandtwomonths.IvebeenintheScienceClubforoneyear.IjoinedtheVolleyballClubtwomonthsago.1DorishaslivedinShanghaiforfouryears.T/F_2ShehasstudiedatNewPointJuniorHighSchoolsinceSeptember2010.T/F _DorishaslivedinShanghaiforfourteenyears.DorishaslivedinShanghaiforfourteenyears.ShehasstudiedatNewPointJuniorHighSchoolShehasstudiedatNewPointJuniorHighSchoolsinceSeptember2011.sinceSeptember2011.3ShehasbeenintheScienceClubsinceNovember2011.T/F _4ShehasbeenintheVolleyballClubfortwomonths.T/F _TT一般现在时和现在完成时态的区别一般现在时和现在完成时态的区别Read the following sentences and tell the differences between them.1)Weuse(thepresentperfecttense/thesimplepasttense)totalkaboutapastexperiencewhichhasaconnectiontothepresent.2)Weuse(thepresentperfecttense/thesimplepasttense)totalkaboutacompletedactioninthepast.We can use both We can use both We can use both We can use both the present prefect tense the present prefect tense the present prefect tense the present prefect tense and and and and the the the the simple past tense simple past tense simple past tense simple past tense to talk about a past to talk about a past to talk about a past to talk about a past experience.experience.experience.experience.B The present B The present B The present B The present perfect perfect perfect perfect tense and tense and tense and tense and the simple past tensethe simple past tensethe simple past tensethe simple past tenseIhavestudiedhavestudiedHistoryfortwoyears.IhadhadaHistorylessonyesterday.IhavelearnthavelearntalotaboutGreekhistory.IreadreadthestoryoftheTrojanWarlastweek.Work out the rule现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响，它和现在有密切的联系；一般过去时强调动作发生的时间在过去，不涉及对现在的影响，且句中一般含有表示过去的时间状语。试比较：The plane has arrived.飞机已经抵达了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿飞机在这儿。）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是在一刻钟之前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去过去。）B1 Read the following conversation between the captain and a soldier from the story“The Trojan horse”.Complete it with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.Soldier:Soldier:Captain!Captain!TheGreek_(go).They_(leave)lastnight.Captain:Captain:Great!They_(come)heretenyearsagoand_(try)manytimestocaptureourcity,buttheycouldnt.We_(win).Soldier:Soldier:Butthey_(leave)ahugewoodenhorse.Canyouseeitoutsidethegates?TheGreeks_(nottake)itwiththem.Captain:Captain:Letskeepitthen.Goandpullitintothecity.hasgonehasgoneleftleftcamecamehavetriedhavetriedhavewonhavewonhavehaveleftleftdidnttakedidnttake注3):短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,当然也不能用于howlong引导的问句中.Eg.(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.(正)Ihavebeen awaytherefor5years.短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/anbeonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarried be三)have/has gone to和have/hasbeento的区别have/hasgoneto:表示某人已经去了某地现在还没回来,可能现在正在某地或者正在去那里或回来的路上.have/hasbeento:表示某人曾经去过某地,但现在己经不在某地.1.She_Charlesforayear.A.hasbeenmarriedtoB.hasgotmarriedtoC.marriedwithD.married2.The4Maymovement_in1919.A.hadtakenplaceB.wastakingplaceC.wastakenplaceD.tookplace3.I_suchaninterestingbookbefore.A.wasneverreadingB.willneverreadC.hadneverreadD.haveneverread4.-Where_mybook?Icantfindit.-I_itonthistable.ButnowitsgoneA.wereyouputting;haveputB.hadyouput;wasputtingC.haveyouput;putD.didyouput;haveputfor,since,how long 不与短暂性动词连用ADExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesDD5.We_theproblemforquitesometime,butwe_anyconclusionyet.A.haddiscussed;haventreachedB.discussed;haventreachedC.havediscussed;haventbeenreachingD.havediscussed;haventreached6.-Doyouwanttoeatmore?-No,thanks.I_enough.A.hadeatenB.ateC.waseaten D.haveeatenDD用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）（注意时态）1.-_you_yourpen?(mend)-Yes,I_.-When_you_it?-I_ityesterday.2.-Howdoyoulikethefilm?-I_(notsee)suchamovingfilmbefore.3.Milliessister_(join)theclublastweek.Soshe_(be)intheclubfornearlyoneweek.Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been4.Myfather_(give)up_(smoke).Hedoesnt_(smoke)now.5.TheGreenfamily_(notcome)backyetfromthecinema.They_(go)toseeafilmonehourago.6.You_(notvisit)yoursonforalongtime.has given smoking smoke havent come went havent visited6.ShehasknownSam_nineyears.(for,never,since)7.Theyhave_arrived.(ever,just,yet)8.Haveyou_riddenahorse?(ever,for,yet)9.ShehasknownFred_theywereatprimaryschool.(already,just,since)10.Wehavenotcompletedtheproject_.(already,for,yet)for just ever since yet1.We began to learn English three years ago.（改为同义句）We _ _ English _ three years.2.My father got there two days ago.（改为同义句）My father _ _ _ for two days.3.Mr Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（改为同义句）Mr Li _ _ English in this school since 1999.4.The factory opened ten years ago.（改为同义句）The factory _ _ _ for ten years.按要求完成下列句子。按要求完成下列句子。have learnt forhas been therehas taughthas been open辨别下面句子的时态1.去年我去了苏州。2.我每天早上7：00起床。3.下个星期我要去看望我的老师。4.看！那边有个女孩在哭。5.汤姆去过北京2次了。6.他住在那儿已经有十年了。一般过去时一般过去时 一般现在时一般现在时 一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时 Thank you!