（统考版）高考英语二轮复习 专题限时集训9 主旨大意之概括全文主题和段落大意（含解析）-人教版高三全册英语试题

专题限时集训(九)主旨大意之概括全文主题和段落大意A (2020湖南师大附中模拟)The Blue Planet IIs latest episode focuses on how the plastic is having a destructive effect on the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures. Researchers recently also found that sea creatures living in the deepest place on Earth，the Mariana Trench，have plastics in their stomachs.Indeed, oceans are drowned in plastics.Though it seems that the world couldnt possibly function without plastics，plastics are a remarkably recent invention.The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s，the same decade when plastic packaging began gaining popularity in the United States.This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change.Plastics pollution research，for instance，is still a very early science.We put all these plastics into the environment，but we still dont really know what the outcomes are going to be.What we do know，though，is disturbing.The ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year.Nearly 700 species，including endangered ones，are known to have been affected by it.One in three leatherback turtles，which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish，have been found with plastics in their bellies.Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent. And its not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas.Humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.I could understand why some people see the ocean plastic as a disaster，worth being mentioned in the same breath as climate change.But the ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change.There are no ocean trash deniers(否认者)，at least so far.To do something about it，we dont have to remake our planet energy system.This is not a problem where we dont know what the solution is.We know how to pick up garbage.Anyone can do it.We know how to deal with it.We know how to recycle.We can all start by thinking twice before we use singleuse plastic products.Things may seem ordinary，like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag，but when taken collectively，these choices really do make a difference.【语篇解读】塑料(制品)在我们的生活中无处不在，但我们却把它们都抛到了环境中，给海洋以及海洋生物造成了灾难性的影响，同时也对人体造成很大危害。我们要从日常小事做起，注意自己的行为，避免塑料污染。1Why is plastic pollution research still a very early science?AThe plastic pollution research is too difficult.BPlastics have produced less pollution than coal.CPlastics have gained popularity too fast for science to catch up with.DThe world couldnt possibly function without plastics.C考查细节理解。根据第二段的内容可知，第一批塑料袋出现在20世纪50年代，同一时期，塑料包装开始流行起来。塑料的发展如此之快，以至于科学研究仍在努力追赶塑料发展的速度。由此可知，对塑料污染问题的研究才开展不久，是因为塑料发展速度太快，使得科学研究没能及时跟上，故C项正确。2How did the author support his opinion in Paragraph 3?ABy citing quotes from leading experts.BBy making a comparison and contrast.CBy listing examples from his own experience.DBy presenting solid statistics.D考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“kill millions of marine animals”“Nearly 700 species”“One in three leatherback turtles”“Ninety percent of seabirds”等可知，作者通过列数据来支撑自己的观点，故选择D项。3What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?AWe reap what we sow.BThe shortest answer is doing.CAll things are difficult before they are easy.DActions speak louder than words.B考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段尤其是最后一句的内容可知，作者号召我们从一些日常小事做起，这些行动都会有很大的影响。所以B项(最直接的答案就是行动起来)是正确的。4What is the main idea of the passage?AThe oceans have been seriously polluted by plastics. BThe ocean plastic is a global issue.CThe Blue Planet II has left viewers heartbroken.DPlastics gain popularity all over the world.A考查主旨大意。本文介绍了塑料在给人们的生活带来便利的同时，也造成了严重的污染，给海洋以及海洋生物造成了灾难性的影响，同时也对人体造成很大危害。故选A。B (2019山西省六校测试)World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974，established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations pick a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others，followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness.Environmentalists，academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.The 2018 World Environment Day is hosted by India，and the theme is Beat Plastic Pollution.It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic，which makes up 10% of all of the waste.Even though the United Nations pick a specific host city every year，people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行)，concerts，cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.World Environment Day is not a public holiday，so you wont be getting the day off work or school，but if you want to celebrate，why not bring it to the attention of your parents，friends，colleagues or classmates？World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet，so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something.Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference.You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens，learn about green foods，raise money for a local wildlife conservation group of simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。5Why is World Environment Day set up?ATo make people know more about nature.BTo ask people to help to protect the globe.CTo warn people of the danger of air pollution.DTo encourage people to plan the earths future.B考查细节理解。从第一段中的不定式所作的目的状语to inspire可以看出，世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并学会很多方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全，故选B。6What do people do on World Environment Day?ADecide a host city.BHold a theme party.CDiscuss environmental ideas.DShow some plastic products.C考查细节理解。从第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及第二段最后一句可以看出，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题。7Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to “disposable” in Paragraph 3?AHighcost.BPoorquality.CSecondhand.DSingleuse.D考查词义猜测。从第三段中的Beat Plastic Pollution可以看出，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which makes up 10% of all of the waste”可知，disposable plastic造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D项。8Whats the main idea of the last paragraph?AEvery bit of effort counts.BDoing is better than saying.CMany hands make light work.DNothing is impossible to a willing heart.A考查段落大意。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它呢？所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A项。CThe police recently caught the suspected Golden State Killer using a tool they could only have dreamed of decades ago，when a shocking series of murders shook California：a database filled with peoples genetic data(基因数据)The police used an opensource database called GEDmatch to find relatives who matched genetic material taken from at old crime scene，then worked backward to identify and catch the 72yearold former police officer Joseph James DeAngelo.GEDmatchs 950，000 users voluntarily upload and share their genetic information，making it accessible to others who share their own dataincluding law enforcement agencies(执法机关)More than a dozen other similar platforms also exist.“If your relatives have contributed and you are part of even a family tree that appears online in one of these shared resources，you can be indirectly tracked through the combination of their DNA and the publicly available family history，”says Dr Robert Green，a medical geneticist at Harvard Medical School.Date sent to commercial companies like 23andMe，which has over 5 million customers，is much tougher for outsiders to access，but the case has still highlighted the issue of genetic privacy.Although many genetictesting companies have been asked to cooperate with legal investigations，and clearly warn customers of this possibility，not all requests are honored.“23andMe has never given customer information to lawenforcement officials，”a company representative told Time.The risks of keeping such sensitive date are high.The potential for abuse exists；for example，insurance companies could theoretically use genetic date to refuse coverage(保险范围)，Green says.But the systems in place to prevent misuse appear to be working.One is the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008，a law that protects consumers from employment and insurance discrimination related to genetics.As long as thats the case，Green says，“the good of genetic tests outweighs the bad.”Sharon Zehe，a lawyer for the department of laboratory medicine and pathology at the Mayo Clinic，takes a more cautious approach.“Family tree services can be fun，but make sure you are using a reputable organization that has strong privacy policies in place，”she says.“Genetic data is biologically as important as a fingerprint.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。警方利用遗传基因数据库技术识别并逮捕了“金州杀手”嫌疑人。合法使用基因数据库技术可以帮助警方破案，但是基因数据库的保密风险很高，一旦泄露将对个人隐私造成严重的危害。9Who is the Golden State Killer?ARobert Green.BJoseph James DeAngelo.CThe author.DSharon Zehe.B考查细节理解。通读第一、二段可知，第一段为事件概述，第二段展开事件细节，根据第二段可知，警方利用数据库技术，识别并逮捕了72岁的前警官Joseph James DeAngelo；结合第一段内容可知，“金州杀手”的嫌疑人是Joseph James DeAngelo，故B项正确。10What drives the users to upload their genetic data?AThe polices force.BTheir relatives advice.CThe bosss order.DTheir own willingness.D考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句中的“GEDmatchs 950，000 users voluntarily upload and share their genetic information”可知，用户是自愿上传并分享他们的基因数据的，故D项正确。11Who might misuse customers genetic data?AThe police.BGEDmatch.CInsurance companies.D23andMe.C考查细节理解。 根据第六段第二句中可知，保险公司有可能滥用基因数据，故C项正确。12What is the main idea of the text?AGenetic data is equal to a fingerprint.BA 72yearold killer was put into prison.CMurders cause concern for genetic privacy.DGenetic information is shared on the Internet.C考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，警方利用遗传基因数据库技术识别并逮捕了“金州杀手”嫌疑人，这引起了人们对遗传基因数据技术的关注：合法使用基因数据库技术可以帮助警方破案，但是基因数据库的保密风险很高，一旦泄露将对个人隐私造成严重的危害。故C项最能概括文意。A、B、D三项都是文章的细节之一，不能概括全文。