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专题限时训练(二十一) 史地自然型阅读理解(一)(限时：25分钟)(一)The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.For thousands of years，Polynesian people lived in the remote island of Nauru，far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.The whaling ships and other traders began to visit，bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A tenyear civil war started，which reduced the population from 1，400 to 900.Naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.In fact，it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate，which was a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine was not a hole in the ground；it was a strip mine.When a company stripmined，it removed the top layer of soil.Then it took away the material it wanted.Strip mining totally destroyed the land.Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.In 1968，Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000，Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.1What might be the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo seek help for Naurus problems.BTo give a warning to other countries.CTo show the importance of money.DTo tell a heartbreaking story of a war.2What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?ARich and powerful.BModern and open.CPeaceful and attractive.DGreedy and aggressive.3The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from_Asoil pollutionBphosphate overminingCfarming activityDwhale hunting4What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?AThe ecological damage is difficult to repair.BThe leaders will take the experts words seriously.CThe island was abandoned by the Nauruans.DThe phosphate mines were destroyed.(二)Squirrels often communicate with whistles, chirps and chucks, which sound like the word “chuck”. Whistles and chirps are like the sounds that many birds make.Now scientists have translated some of their squirrelspeak.Hare, a professor of zoology at the University of Maniloha in Winnipeg, and his team managed to record squirrels alarm calls.The researchers studied the sounds and then played them back to 60 wild squirrels, which the scientists approached individually with a video recorder to capture(抓拍)their responses.Some squirrels lifted their heads up and became alert(警惕的)Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves.“In effect then, whistles that mix with chucks say theres an enemy of average threat thats here， and whistles without chucks say theres an enemy of seemingly average threat around here somewhere， while pure chirps say, Im hiding here because theres an immediate danger.” Hare told.Hare and some other researchers believe such sounds are part of an advanced language that develops just as all other communication systems.Although squirrels risk their lives when they call out to warn others of threats, other squirrels might admire this behaviour, thus increasingly the callers social status, like humans who look up to heroes. Hare added that other animals, such as birds, probably understand at least some squirrel language, since they also may benefit from the alarm calls.In fact, another Canadian study found that deepvoiced, blackcapped chickadees have their own language, too.According to certain research, there are a lot of tidings in chickadees calls, such as directing fellows activities, keeping in contact between mates, and raising alarms.While chickadees and other birds are often welcomed into gardens by homeowners, squirrels are frequently viewed as pests(害兽). Hare wishes a greater understanding of the complex social lives and communication systems of squirrels will provide “hope that humans will gain a greater appreciation and stop doing harm to these animals”1The text mainly talks about _Athe study on the language of squirrelsBthe comparison between squirrels and chickadeesCthe calling for the protection of squirrelsDthe ways for squirrels to escape from their enemies2If a squirrel is in a very dangerous situation, it would probably make _Awhistles with chucksBpure chirpsCwhistles without chucksDrepeated chucks3The underlined word “tidings” in Paragraph 6 probably means “_”Adifficulties BpoisesCmessages Dlanguages4What can be learned from this text?ASquirrels communicate with each other as humans do.BSome squirrels understand the recorded alarm calls.COther animals also well understand the language of squirrels.DBirds such as chickadees dont have their own language.(三)Its only 4 hours flying time from Sydney, but a world away. What better place to rest than a country where the only place people hurry is on the football field and things are done in “Fiji time”？Viti Levu is the largest island. Here youll find the capital Suva and the international airport at Nadi. Vatoa, on the other hand, is a tiny island in the farthest part of Fiji. Then there are 331 other islands, many of them with places to stay.With less than a million people living on islands, youll never feel crowded. And with a climate that changes only for five degrees between seasons, theres never a bad time to come.From cities to villages, from mountains to beaches, from water sports to wooden artworks, Fiji can give you more adventures and special experiences than you could find almost anywhere in the world.Whenever you come, wherever you go，youre sure to see some unforgettable events，from war dances to religious (宗教的) songs, from market days to religious days. Its not just staged for tourists; its still a part of everyday life in Fiji. And any one of us can enjoy Fijis spirit by being part of the traditional (传统的) sharing of yaqonaa drink made from the root of a Fiji plant.So why not join us for the experience of a lifetime?1Where is the international airport of Fiji?AIn Suva.BIn Sydney.COn the island of Vatoa.DOn the island of Viti Levu.2What does the text tell us about Fijian people?AThey invented “Fiji time” for visitors.BThey stick to a traditional way of life.CThey like to travel from place to place.DThey love taking adventures abroad.3One of the things that make Fiji a tourist attraction is _Aits comfortable hotelsBits good weather all year roundCits exciting football matchesDits religious beliefs4Where can we most probably read this text?AIn a personal diary.BIn a science report.CIn a travel magazine.DIn a geography textbook.专题限时训练(二十一)(一)【要点综述】文章主要讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛。1B 写作意图题。由文章第一段的“Now it is an ecological disaster area.Naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.”可以看出，作者的目的是给当前很多只注重发展经济而忽略环境保护的国家一个警告。故选B项。2. C细节理解题。从第一段提到的“太平洋上的国家瑙鲁岛曾经是一个美丽的地方”看出，瑙鲁岛是attractive；由第二段第一句以及第三段第一句可知，上千年来，瑙鲁岛的人们生活在偏远的小岛上，过着平静的生活。故选C项。3B 细节理解题。由最后一段的“Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.”可以得知“磷酸盐逐渐减少，开采殆尽”。由此可以看出，“磷酸盐的过量开采”导致了生态灾难。故选B项。4A 推理判断题。文章最后告诉我们：Experts say that it would take approximately $433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.也就是说，瑙鲁岛上的生态损失弥补起来需要大量的资金和时间，即选项所说的“修复起来很难”。故选A项。(二)【要点综述】本文主要讲了Hare以及他带领的团队对松鼠们所使用的语言进行的研究。1A主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们讲述了Hare以及他带领的团队对松鼠们所使用的语言进行的研究。2B细节理解题。由文章中的内容可以看出，B项正确。3C词义猜测题。下文such as 后面列举的directing fellows activities，keeping in contact between mates，and raising alarms都是不同的信息，由此可以看出，该词和message同义。4B推理判断题。从文章第二段中“Some squirrels lifted their heads up and became alert(警惕的)Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves.”可以看出，松鼠们对于“the recorded alarm calls”反应很敏感，也就是说它们能理解。(三)【要点综述】本文是一篇描写旅游景点的文章，描写了斐济这个国家的旅游资源，如维提岛(Viti Levu)，斐济第一大岛。还描写了它的气候(仅仅5度的温度变化)、各种运动以及保留完美的土著传统等等。1D细节理解题。由第二段“Viti Levu is the largest island.Here youll find the capital Suva and the international airport at Nadi.”可知选D。2B细节理解题。第五段讲述的是当地人们的生活，可以看出他们还坚持着传统的生活方式。如：And any one of us can enjoy Fijis spirit by being part of the traditional(传统的) sharing of yaqonaa drink made from the root of a Fiji plant.3B细节理解题。由第三段“With less than a million people living on islands，youll never feel crowded.And with a climate that changes only for five degrees between seasons，theres never a bad time to come.”可知选B。4C推理判断题。文章介绍的就是斐济这个国家的旅游资源，所以文章出现在旅游杂志上最为合适。
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