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专题限时训练(二十)文化教育型阅读理解(二)(限时：25分钟)(一)Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) say. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centres on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice，” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3，000 BC.Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950，000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law, those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said, “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.1According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _Ait is only a temporary measure on the human remainsBit is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchCit was introduced by the government without their knowledgeDit is vague about where and how to rebury human remains2Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?ATemporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.BHuman remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.CHuman remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.DScientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.3What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?AThe Ministry of Justice did not intend to protect human remains.BThe Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.CThe law on human remains hasnt changed in recent decades.DThe Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.4Which of the following might be the main idea of the passage?ANew discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.BResearch time should be extended, scientists require.CLaw on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.DLaw could bury ancient secrets forever, archeologists warn.(二)Looking for some inspiration or ideas for your creative stories? To start with, some writers describe winter by using their five senses or their imagination. Others write on their favourite winter activities. Whatever you choose to write about, working on a winter story can always help to improve your writing skills. Now read the following story and see if it helps get rid of any icy writing block youve been struggling with.Beep, beep. Beepbeep: the alarm clock rang. Slowly, I got out of warm bed down onto the wooden floor which the winter had thrown its cold upon. The bitter cold temperature penetrated (穿透)my socks and I hurried to put my feet in shoes.Looking out of the window, I watched the white snow, soft and thick, drop onto rooftops and trees. Half an hour later, finishing the last of my hot chocolate, I prepared to enter the adventure that waited for me outside. I buttoned my jacket and fastened my boots. Hat on, I opened the door and was greeted by the winter coldness.In the depths of winter, the early morning did not have the rush of the rest of the year. Most of my neighbours were put off by the cold, and stayed in bed until the sun had climbed higher into the sky.Unseen by those who remained locked inside their homes, warm in their beds, I enjoyed being alone with the beauty of the wintertime. Those indoors were unable to appreciate the snowscapes, ice crystals, frost and the crisp(清新的)breeze. For them, the coming of winter meant just the arrival of the cold.Appreciation depends on contrasts. One cannot love the warmth of April if one has not known the freezing cold of winter. Later that year, the heat of the sun on my skin would be wonderful for my memories of that cold morning and others like it.1The underlined word “adventure” refers to“_”Agetting out of bed on the cold winter morningBenjoying the loveliness of the winter outdoorsCgoing skiing on the cold winter morningDthrowing snowballs with friends2According to the story, most of the neighbours _Adidnt work in winterBstayed up late in winterCmissed the beauty of winterDenjoyed the seasons except winter3Which of these statements is TRUE according to the story?AOf all the seasons, the writer loves winter most.BThe writer regrets that he went out on the freezing cold winter morning.CThe writer believes contrasts make our experiences of the seasons lovelier.DThe writer values autumn and summer more than winter.4What function does the story mentioned in the passage serve?ATo share some winter thoughts with readers.BTo show readers how to work on a winter story.CTo inspire readers to take more exercise in winter.DTo tell readers how to appreciate the beauty of winter.(三)Recently, a student used his Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) to film a female teacher scolding and tearing the work of a classmate. The public discussion that the incident caused started on the Internet. However, when it came to the medias attention, it quickly became a major topic in the education circles. The reactions so far suggest that the focus of the debate has been on one question: whom to blame?Teachers who are anxious to defend their professional dignity have tried to put the blame on the students. They mentioned their right to privacy(隐私)and for this reason they requested the Ministry of Education (MOE) to prohibit PDAs in schools. On the other hand, some parents and students have taken a different position. They feel that the teacher is also at fault. Caught up in the war of words between both sides, people are no longer interested in the “truth” of the matter which seems now unimportant. It was left to newspapers to discover the central point of the controversial issue, by stressing the problems that are not always easily noticed in our educational system.For those responsible for educating the young, this PDA incident conveys the message that “times have changed”，a reality that must have been felt even more strongly by the female teacher when reflecting on this unpleasant experience. Different times call for different professional approaches in education. The ability to understand the students they are teaching has always been the quality of successful teachers. Despite some factors, the incident shows that the teacher lacks good qualities on her part. Besides, the rules under current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved. Also, it is an example which shows the issue we are familiar with: what to do with new technology? With PDAs, the new technology, the interaction (交流)between the teachers and students in classroom has been changed.1The authors purpose in writing this passage is to_.Aimprove the teachers way of teachingBstress the using of PDAs in the classroomCchange the students behaviour in the classroomDdiscuss the potential problems of educational system2The underlined word “recalcitrant” in Paragraph 3 probably means“_”Adifficult to controlBinterested in nothingCunwilling to learnDready to obey rules3The writers attitude towards the PDA incident is_.Aoptimistic BcriticalCuncertain Dapprovable4What might be the best title for the passage?AWhom to blame?BThe PDA incidentCTimes have changedDWhat to do with new technology?专题限时训练(二十)(一)【要点综述】英国法律规定，所有从人类古代居地出土的遗骸，必须被重新掩埋。这一决定意味着科学家们将没有足够的时间研究具有民族文化的遗骨及其他遗物。1B细节理解题。从文章可以看出，科学家对这项法律不满主要是因为这项法律对科学研究的影响是毁灭性的。2C细节理解题。根据第三段可知，尽管延长了时间，但是出土的人类遗骸终究还是要被埋回去的。3D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句话“The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary，but has so far failed to revise it.”可知，尽管The Ministry of Justice两年前向考古学家保证这项法律是暂时的，但是他们到现在还是没能修改这项法律，所以他们的工作做得不到位。4D主旨大意题。这项法律的危害在第四段有详细陈述，对于这项法律，反对的是考古学家们，所以他们才是呼吁修改法律的主要对象，这样可以排除其他三项。(二)【要点综述】本文通过一篇短文教我们如何写和冬天有关的文章。1B细节理解题。短文的第五段“Unseen by those who remained locked inside their homes，warm in their beds，I enjoyed being alone with the beauty of the wintertime.”说明这里的adventure就是指在寒冷的天气里独自到室外活动。故B正确。2C细节理解题。根据短文第五段“Those indoors were unable to appreciate the snowscapes，ice crystals，frost and the crisp(清新的)breeze.For them，the coming of winter meant just the arrival of the cold.”可知，很多人都错过了冬天的美景。故C正确。3C细节理解题。文章最后一段说明C正确。4B推理判断题。文章第一段“Whatever you choose to write about，working on a winter story can always help to improve your writing skills.Now read the following story and see if it helps get rid of any icy writing block youve been struggling with.”说明这篇小短文是告诉我们如何写与冬天有关的作品。故B正确。(三)【要点综述】本文就一段由学生用PDA录制的视频展开讨论。在科技迅速发展的今天，应该责备学生侵犯了老师的个人隐私，还是整个教育系统的教育模式应该做出适应科技发展的改革？1D作者意图题。根据文章可知作者意在讨论教育体系的潜在问题。故选D项。2A词义猜测题。由第三段中“Besides，the rules under current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved.”的关键词rules 和to deal with 可知，规则要针对的必然是难管理的学生。故选A项。3B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite some factors，the incident shows that the teacher lacks good qualities on her part.Besides，the rules under current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved.”可以判断出，作者对整个事件持批判态度。故选B项。4A主旨大意题。文章以PDA事件为引子，探讨现行教育存在的问题，及谁该对此问题负责。故选A项。
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