学术英语writing introduction课件.ppt

Introduction is the first section of a scientific paper, including the background information of the research, the nature and scope of the problem investigated. Frequently asked questions Introduction Significance Frequently asked questions What belongs in the introductory section(s) of your paper? A statement of the goal of the paper: why the study was undertaken, or why the paper was written. Do not repeat the abstract. Sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand the context and significance of the question you are trying to address. Proper acknowledgement of the previous work on which you are building. Sufficient references such that a reader could, by going to the library, achieve a sophisticated understanding of the context and significance of the question. Explain the scope of your work, what will and will not be included. A verbal road map or verbal table of contents guiding the reader to what lies ahead. 1.1 Introducing the general research area including its background, importance, and present level of development1.2 Reviewing previous research in this areaIndicating the problem that has not been solved by previous research, raising a relevant question Specifying the purpose of your research 4.1 Announcing your major findings 4.2 Outlining the contents of your paper The first layerThe second layerThe third layer The fourth layer The background informationLimitationThe authors researchResearch methodResult & Conclusion A good introduction Sometimes, in the sentence including the objective of the research, Simple Future Tense is recommended.e.g. “In summary, previous methods are all extremely inefficient. Hence a new approach is developed to process the data more efficiently.” The later sentence should be “In this paper, a new approach will be developed to process the data more efficiently” or “This paper will present a new approach that process the data more efficiently”. What key skills are needed when How should I structure the Introduction? . begin with one or more of the first four parts listed below. 4. Introduction to the literature. PART 2 ACCEPTED STATE OF THE ART PLUS PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED (24)* PART 3 AUTHORS OBJECTIVES (12)* PART 4 INTRODUCTION TO THE LITERATURE How does an Introduction differ from an Abstract? . ABSTRACT Introduction The abstract then continues as follows. INTRODUCTION The concluding sentence of the Abstract is: What tenses should I use? differences. During the review of the literature several tenses are used Not all authors use the simple present tense in this context because ORIGINAL VERSION (OV) REVISED VERSION (RV) Summary: How can I assess the quality of my Introduction? PART 2 ACCEPTED STATE OF THE ART PLUS PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED (24)* PART 3 AUTHORS OBJECTIVES (12)* 3 How should I structure the rest of the Introduction? starting point. .8main results / conclusionsThe results of the model are encouraging and showthat .9future implicationsThis new model will be able to .10outline of structureSection 2 introduces the concept of .Below is an analysis of Parts 510.