铸造缺陷名称和分类

缺陷名称和分类 A 尺寸，形状缺陷铸造缺陷 casting defects尺寸超差 improper shrinkage allowance尺寸不合格 wrong size模样错误 excess rapping of pattern, deformed pattern, pattern error壁厚不均 different thickness铸型下垂 mold sag错型 mold shift, shift, miss-match, cross-joint舂移 ram off, ram away塌型 mold drop, drop off, drop out, drop sticker上型下沉，沉芯 sag( 上型和型芯下垂导致壁厚减小 ）飞翅 fins, joint flash 翘曲 warp age, buckling, warping, camber铸件变形 warped casting挤箱 push up, cramp-off型裂 broken mold, cracked掉砂 crush of mold, crush变形 deformation, casting distortion, warped casting B. 缩孔 （ 由凝固收缩引起 )缩孔 shrinkage, shrinkaged cavity内部缩孔 internal shrinkage, dispersed shrinkage, blind shrinkage敞露缩孔 open shrinkage, external shrinkages, sink marks, depression缩松 porosity, shrinkage porosity, leakers, micro shrinkage, disperded shrinkage缩陷 sink marks, draw, suck-in芯面缩孔 core shrinkage内角缩孔 corner shrinkage, fillet shrinkage出汗孔 extruded bead, exudation线状缩孔 fissure like shrinkage C. 气体缺陷（由气体引起的孔）气孔 blowholes, gas hole, blow针孔 pinholes裂纹状缺陷，线状缺陷 fissure defects D. 裂纹裂纹 crack 缩裂 shrinkage crack季裂 season cracking, season crack应力热裂 hot cracking, hot tearing, hot tear淬火裂纹 quench crack, quenching crack应力冷裂 cold cracking, breakage, cold tearing, cold tear 龟裂 crack激冷层裂纹，白裂 chill crack E. 夹杂物夹渣 slag inclusion, slag blowholes砂眼 sand inclusion, raised sand, sand hole其他夹杂物 the other inclusion胀砂 push up, cramp-off, sand hole掉砂 crush, crush of mold硬点 hard spot浮渣 dross ( 浇注后在铸型内形成的缺陷，尤其是石墨、氧化物和硫化物的线状缺陷的总称，另外，浇注过程中被卷进去的缺陷成为夹渣和砂眼，两者的区别是形成原因不同）石墨浮渣 graphite dross, carbon dross氧化皮夹渣 oxide dross, oxide inclusion, skins, seams硫化物熔渣 sulfide dross沉淀物 sludge 夹渣物 sand inclusion, oxide inclusion, skins, seams黑点，黑渣 black spots, lustrous carbon 涂料夹渣 blacking, refractory coating inclusions光亮碳膜 lustrous carbon films, kish tracks F. 外观缺陷浇不足 misrun, short run, cold lap, cold shut冷隔 cold shut, cold laps轻度冷隔 seam两重皮 plate皱皮 surface fold, gas run, elephant skin, seams, scare, flow marks漏箱 run-out, runout, break-out, bleeder漏芯 mold drop, stiker未浇满 short pours, short run, poured short气孔 blowholes, blow飞翅 fins，joint flash胀砂，气疱 swell, blister芯撑未融合 chaplet shut, insert cold shut, unfused chaplet热粘砂 burn in热痕 flow marks 内渗豆，冷豆，冷隔 internal sweating, cold shot, shot iron外渗物 sweating 磷化物渗豆 phosphide sweat铅渗豆 lead sweat锡渗豆 tin sweat掉砂 rat, sticker （ 型砂的一部分附着在模样上而形成的表面缺陷） G. 型芯缺陷砂芯断裂 crushed core, broken core砂芯压碎 broken core芯面缩孔 core blow砂芯缩孔 core blow砂芯下垂 sag core, deformed core砂芯弯曲 deformed core漂芯 shifted core, core raise, raised core, mold element cutout偏芯 core shift H. 表面缺陷沾砂 burn on, sand burning, burn in , penetration粘型（ 金属型 ） fusion两重皮 laminations , plat机械粘砂 penetration , metal penetration夹渣结疤 scabs , expansion scabs , corner scab表面粗糙 rough casting , rough surface 鼠尾 buckle , rat tail涂料结疤 blacking scab , wash scabs烘干不足 sever surface , wash scabs熟痕 surface defect casting by combination of gas and shrinkage ( 在靠近厚断面处形成下陷的蛇状伤痕）涂料剥落 wash erosion气疱 blister , surface or subsurface blow hole表面粗糙 rough surface , seems , scars起皮 stripping 剥落结疤 pull down , spalling scab伤痕 crows feet麻面 pitting surface , orange peel , alligator skin热裂痕 surface folds , gas runs泡疤表面 surface folds , gas runs象皮状皱皮 surface fold , gas run , elephant skin皱皮 surface fold , gas run , seams , scare , flow marks波纹 wave冲砂 wash冲蚀 erosion I. 组织缺陷 （ 铸铁 )球化不良 poor nodularity , degenerated graphite蠕墨化不良 degenerated graphite异常石墨 abnormal graphite开花状石墨 exploded graphite过冷石墨 under cooled graphite , D-type graphite石墨细小颗粒 chunky graphite石墨粗大 kish graphite , kish整列石墨 aligned graphite石墨漂浮 floated graphite石墨魏氏组织 Widmannstatten graphite麻口 mottled cast iron , mottle灰点 mottle反麻口 inverse mottle ( 与麻口相反，在薄断面处和尖角处形成的麻口）白口 chill 反白口 reverse chill , inverse chill冷豆 extruded bead , exudation , internal sweating退火不足 miss annealing , incomplete annealing粗大枝晶组织 coarsened dendritic反偏析 inverse segregation比重偏析 gravity segregation溶质偏析 solute segregation宏观偏析 macroscopic segregation 微观偏析 microscopic segregation J. 断口缺陷表面铁素体 ferrite rim表面珠光体 pearlite rim白缘 ，脱碳 pearlitic rim , picture frame , pearlite layer不均匀断口 heterogeneous fractured surface破碎激冷层 scattered chill structure , cold flakes晶粒粗大 rough grain尖钉状断口 spiky fractured surface冰糖状断口 rock candy fracture surface K. 力学性能缺陷 硬点 hard spot ( 对铸件，硬点是硬区、白口或冷豆等力学性能缺陷的总称；对铝合金，硬点是铸件内各种高硬度相， 如初晶Si相、金属间化合物、氧化物，偏析等总称 ） 硬度不良 poor hardness , too high or low hardness L. 使用性能缺陷腐蚀性不良 poor corrosion resistance切削性不良 poor machinability麻点 torn surface锌晶间腐蚀 zinc intergranular corrosion电导率不良 poor electrical conductivity M. 其他缺陷残留飞翅 residual fin残留黑皮 residual black skin浇道冒口断口缺肉 broken casting at gate , riser or vent端部缺肉 inside cut 切口缺肉 （ 压铸件 ） inside cut翘曲 ( 喷丸引起 ） camber , excessive cleaning 铸件弯曲 ( 铸件变形 ） warped casting , casting distortion , deformed mold , mold creep打磨缺肉 crows feet 铸造管理缺陷裂纹 crack压痕 impression残留物型砂残留 sand inclusions喷丸粒残留 residual shot锌蒸汽向炉壁渗透 zinc infiltration into refractory