B8U5warmingupandreading

Group discussion:1.What does an archaeologist do?2.What is archaeology?3.Why do you think archaeology is so important?What does an archaeologist do?excavate(挖掘）挖掘）examineidentifycollectWhat is archaeology?Archaeology is the study of cultures of our ancestors（祖先）（祖先）by examining and i_ the remaining objects f_ in the ground during an excavation(挖掘）挖掘）.dentifyingoundArchaeology is of most importance for learning about prehistoric societies,when there are no written records for historians to study,making up over 99%of total human history,from the old stone age until the advent of literacy（读写能力的出现）（读写能力的出现）in any given society.Archaeology has various different goals,which range from studying human evolution（进化）（进化）to cultural evolution and understanding culture history.The discipline（学科）（学科）involves survey（调查）（调查）,excavation（挖掘）（挖掘）and eventually analysis（分析）（分析）of data collected to learn more about the past.Why do you think archaeology is so important?*What is the object?*What is it used for?*What are modern alternatives?Group discussion:Identify the objects on page 37.Made of clay or pottery,to light the house,replaced by bulbs.Made of metal,probably bronze,to produce music,replaced by xylophone(木琴）木琴）.Made of stone or jade,to chop sth,replaced by an axe or a kitchen knife.Made of gold,to cover the face of the dead pharaoh,replaced by a banner.粘土灯粘土灯石斧石斧编钟编钟 死人面具死人面具A Visit To The Zhoukoudian CavesOne of the most significant archaeological finds in the 20th centuryWhat objects are mentioned in the text?caveneedlenecklacefireclothesSkimming编钟编钟 Why do scientists assume that they live in caves regardless of cold?How did they keep warm?How did they make clothes?What can prove that they cared about their appearance?Food Make-up Clothing ShelterWhy are they called hunters and gatherers?Why do scientists assume that they live in caves regardless of cold?Human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.uHere“assume”means _.fancy,imagine or supposeHere“regardless of”means _.in spite ofShelterHow did they keep warm?uFireplaces in the center of the caves.uThey might have kept fires burning all winter.uThey hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold.Clothing How did they make clothes?They wear clothes made from animal _.They used _stone tools to_ _ the animals and_ their skin.Then smaller_ were used to clean the fat and meat from the skin.Later,They would _an _ amount of salt inside the skin to make it _.Finally,they would cut it and _the pieces together.On the whole,it is quite a difficult and _ task.skinssharpenedscrapersrubcut upremovesoftsewmessyampleIn the opinion of one student,the necklace they wore is a _ but well _ one.Some beads were made of animal _ but some were made of _.bonesshellsWhy was the archaeologist convinced of that?As the botanical analyses have shown us,all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.analysisprimitivepreservedMake-up Why are they called hunters and gatherers?They moved around,following the herds of animals.They picked fruits when it ripened and hunted animals.Food Three ways in which the life of our ancestors differs from our own:Homes:Tools:Dress:caves,perhaps with skins to keep out the coldscrapers,axe-heads,bone needlesanimal skins sewn together with needles and thread,necklacesPost-readingPost-reading