西方文化导论Unit

Get Started Text Study Supplementary Resources Text StudyInterpretation of Cultural Terms Interpretation of Cultural Termsasceticism 修 行 : a theory or practice which advocates spiritual improvement by living a particularly hard life, as is seen in the experiences of some religious practice Text StudyComprehension ExercisesMultiple choice.(1) The bourgeoisie was a result of _ production in terms of wage-payment and profit. A. mass B. agricultural C. industrial D. commercial Comprehension Ex ercises A. transitional B. last C. initial D. preparatory Text StudyComprehension Exercises(2) The Renaissance was the _ stage of the Middle Ages before the modern epoch. Comprehension Ex ercisesMultiple choice. A. Berlin B. Rome C. Bologna D. Oxford Text StudyComprehension Exercises(3) The earliest university in Europe was the one established in _ . Comprehension Ex ercisesMultiple choice. A. 14th century B. 13th century C. 12th century D. 11th century Text StudyComprehension Exercises(4) The medieval civilization met its climax during the _. Comprehension Ex ercisesMultiple choice. A. The break-up of feudal structures.B. The emergence of national monarchies.C. The rise of folk culture and popular literature.D. The revival of religious beliefs. Text StudyComprehension Exercises(5) Which of the following is not the inspiration for the Renaissance? Comprehension Ex ercisesMultiple choice. Text StudyComprehension ExercisesMultiple choice. Comprehension Ex ercises(1) The Renaissance made its first appearance in the city of _ . A. Venice B. Paris C. Florence D. London Text StudyComprehension ExercisesMultiple choice. Comprehension Ex ercises(2) The core idea of the Renaissance was _ . A. rationalism B. realism C. humanism D. classicism Text StudyComprehension ExercisesMultiple choice. Comprehension Ex ercises(3) The most important reason for the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy is _ . A. Italys prosperous trade B. the variety of urban social lifeC. the use of Latin as a common languageD. that the newly emerging capitalists sought to oppose feudal and divine dominance of society Text StudyComprehension ExercisesMultiple choice. Comprehension Ex ercises(4) The major boost of Humanism is _ .A. the fall of ConstantinopleB. the prosperity of the city of FlorenceC. the prosperous trade and production of handicraftD. the rich variety of urban social life A. Literature should represent the feelings of ordinary humans.B. Science should produce benefits for mankind.C. Education should develop divine spirit and classical culture.D. Man should become central in everything. Text StudyComprehension ExercisesMultiple choice. Comprehension Ex ercises(5) Which of the following is not the major principle of humanism? Comprehension Exercises Text StudyComprehension Ex ercisesPlease match the following artists and writers with their representative works.(1) Paphael Sanzio (2) Da Vinci(3) Dante(4) William Shakespeare(5) Geoffrey Chaucer (6) Michel Montaigne (7) Miguel de Cervantes(8) Francois Rabelais a. Gargantua b. Essais c. Canterbury Tales d. Don Quixote e. The Divine Comedyf. The Last Supper g. A Mid-summer Nights Dreamh. The School of Athens Text StudyComprehension ExercisesTrue of false questions. Comprehension Ex ercises(1) Individualism was the foundation of social ideology during the Renaissance. (2) Dantes most important works On Monarchy shows most of his humanist ideas over which he was meditating during years of exile. (3) Petrarch opposed the papal authority and other supreme authorities by exemplifying his attitudes towards Aristotle.(4) The Renaissance and humanism greatly contributed to the occurrence of Enlightenment and bourgeois revolution. (5) Humanism helped spark the Reformation, while the latter hindered the development of the former. F_T_T_T_T_ Text StudyComprehension ExercisesFill in the blanks.(1) The Renaissance was to recover ancient ; while the Reformation was to recover ancient . (2) With far-reaching political, economic and social effects, the Reformation became a basis for the founding of , which emerged as one of the three major branches of Christianity. (3) Martin Luther developed the idea of justification by faith and attacked the sale of indulgences by Tetzel from the Vatican Church by at Wittenberg. Comprehension Ex ercisesculture and art_Christian theology_Protestantism_nailing his famous 95 theses on the church door_ Text StudyComprehension Exercises(4) Calvins theory of Predestination conformed to expectations of . (5) Calvin practiced his democratic and republican system on the basis of principles in . Comprehension Ex ercisesthe New Testament _bourgeoisie_Fill in the blanks. Comprehension Exercises Text StudyComprehension Ex ercisesPlease match the following scientists with their great achievement. (1) Galileo (2) Copernicus (3) William Harvey (4) Newton (5) Andreas Vesalius a. dissection of human bodiesb. establishment of the modern study of optics c. heliocentrism d. systemic circulation e. invention of the pendulum clock Text StudyComprehension ExercisesFill in the blanks.(1) Francis Bacon was the founder of and .(2) established mechanical materialism. (3) “I am thinking, therefore I exist” was spoken by . (4) The idea that men could enjoy comparatively limited freedom if he built up contact with God or the universe was regarded as the theory of . (5) Rene Descartes also provided the mechanistic method of reasoning called . Comprehension Ex ercisesexperimental sciencematerialismThomas Hobbes Rene Descarteshuman salvationCartesianism _ _ _ Text StudyComprehension ExercisesTrue or false questions. Comprehension Ex ercises(1) Cultural salon was founded in order to spread the Graeco-Roman culture. (2) The discussions in the cultural salon helped to improve cultural manners. (3) The French Academy derives from a club of eight members discussing questions of common interest.(4) Drama was a vigorous and popular cultural activity during the Renaissance in France. (5) Drama in this period focused on moral irony, formal beauty as well as brevity and understatement. F_T_T_T_T_