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连词类单词、词组辨析 1. and， but， or, so 【辨析】 (1)and意为“和；又”，表示并列关系，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子，表示意思的顺延或增补。 (2)but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。 (3)or意为“或者；还是”时，表示选择关系；意为“否则”时，表示转折关系。另外，在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or代替and。 (4)so意为“因此；所以”，常用来连接两个简单句，这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系。 【举例】 My mother and father have never agreed on this matter. 我父母在这件事情上从未意见一致过。 It is hot in summer here， but it is not cold in winter. 这里夏天热，但冬天不冷。 He didnt speak anything but Greek. 他只会说希腊语。 Either you or I am to go. 你我之间总有一个人要去。 Hurry up， or youll be late. 快点，否则你会迟到的。 The rain began to fall, so we went home. 天开始下雨了，所以我们就回家了。 【演练】( )1. We must get up at 7：00 tomorrow morning， _ we will be late for the meeting. A. and B. or C. so D. but ( )2. Work hard， _ youll make progress！ A. or B. but C. and D. whileBC ( )3. The old man didnt have enough money, _ he gave two thousand yuan to the charity. A. / B. and C. but D. orC 2. because, because of【辨析】 (1)because 是连词，后接句子， 是主句的直接原因，常用来回答由why 引导的特殊疑问句。此外，because与so 不能连用。 (2)because of 是复合介词，后接名词或代词，相当于名词词组。 【举例】 Why are you in a hurry? 你为什么这么急？ Because I want to catch the first bus. 因为我想要赶第一班车。 He cant come because of illness. 他生病了，所以没来。 【演练】( )1. _ he is ill, he is not here today.A. So B. Because C. Because of D. Until( )2. The game was put off _ the rain.A. because B. so C. because of D. ifBC 3. if， whether 【辨析】 两者都可表示“是否”，都可引导宾语从句。if通常不与or not连用，它引导的宾语从句不能移到句首。if还有“如果；假如”之意，此时常用来引导条件状语从句。whether可与or not连用，其引导的宾语从句可以移到句首。whether后面还可以接动词不定式。 【举例】 We havent decided if/whether well go to Germany. 我们还没决定是否去德国。 He asked me whether Id move to New York if I got the job. 他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬到纽约。 I dont know whether he will come (or not). 我不知道他是否会来。 Whether he will come (or not) I am not sure. 他会不会来我不确定。 【演练】( )1. She asked _ Ben could repair her lap top. A. if B. weather C. that D. what( )2. The question is _ Janice will leave on time or not. A. weather B. if C. whether D. whyAC ( )3. Would you come along with me _ I go to Nanshan tomorrow？A. whether B. until C. if D. because( )4. Peter, do you know if Tony _ to my party next week?I think he will come if he _ free. A. comes;will be B. will come;is C. comes;is D. will come;will beCB 4. in order to， so that 【辨析】 两者都可表示“为了”，后面均接目的状语。但in order to后面接的是动词不定式，即in order to do， 其否定式为in order not to do。而so that (口语中也作so)后面接的是目的状语从句，相当于in order that。 【举例】 She practices driving one hour each day in order to get the driving license. 为了拿到驾照，她每天练车一个小时。 Speak clearly so that (in order that)everybody can understand you. 请说清楚一点，这样每个人都可以听懂你的话。 【演练】( )1. He has to earn lots of money _ he can buy his children nice food and clothes.A. so that B. such that C. that D. in orderA ( )2. Susan， what are the advantages of MP5 players？Mom， they are smaller and lighter _ they can be carried very easily. A. unless B. in order to C. until D. so that D ( )3. Nancy got up very early in order _ late. A. not to be B. didnt be C. to be D. that A 5. though, although【辨析】 (1)although意为“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句，相当于 though， 只是比though稍微正式些，多用于句首。 (2)though可作副词，意为“然而”，放在句末或其他位置；though也可用于非正式文体中，较普遍，还可用在倒装句中。注意：在英语中，如果一个句子里用了although 或 though, 就不能再用but，但可以用yet 或still； 反之，如果用了but, 就不能再用although 和 though。 【举例】 Young though he is, he is quite experienced. 他虽然年轻，但很有经验。 He said he would come, he didnt though. 他说他要来，结果他却没来。 Although he is in poor health, (yet)he works hard.=He is in poor health, but he works hard. 虽然他身体不好，但他工作仍努力。 【演练】( )1. _ It(it)was so cold, _ he went out without an overcoat.A. Though; but B. Although; / C. /; though D. Although; but( )2. _ they are very tired, they feel happy because theyve finally finished their project.A. So B. Although C. If D. ButBB 6. unless， ifnot 【辨析】 两者都可以表示“如果不”，引导条件句，很多情况下可以互换。 注意：用ifnot替换unless时，not必须位于从句谓语中，而不能直接与if连用。 【举例】 We shall go unless it rains/if it doesnt rain. 要是不下雨，我们就去。 Dont come unless I phone you/if I dont phone you. 我不打电话给你，你就不要来。【演练】( )1. _ you go to the supermarket at 7 p.m.， you can buy a lot of cheap food. A. If B. Unless C. Whether D. WhenA ( )2. Can I change the jacket for another one_ it doesnt fit me well？ Of course. A. unless B. if C. that D. though ( )3. Nobody can learn math well_ he works hard at it. A. if B. unless C. though D. howeverBB 7. when， while 【辨析】 两者都可以表示“当时候”，常用在过去进行时的句子中。 (1)when引导的从句谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是短暂性的。 (2)while引导的从句谓语动词必须是延续性的。 【举例】 They were fighting when the boss came in. 老板进来时他们正在打架。 He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 I was drawing when / while my brother was watching TV. 弟弟看电视时我正在画画。 【演练】( )1. I was fishing by the lake _ someone called for help. A. when B. while C. as soon as D. since( )2. Dad came into the kitchen _ Mom was cooking. A. until B. but C. when D. if( )3. Jack was drawing a picture _ his dog was lying nearby. A. while B. because C. when D. soACA
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