浙江专用2017届高考英语二轮复习第三部分题型强化训练专题一阅读理解第3课时字斟句酌-驾驭推理判断类题目课件

第3课时字斟句酌驾驭推理判断类题目 怎么考推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。这类试题包括很多种，但主要考查推断隐含意义、推断目标、推断写作意图、推断观点态度等，其中重点是推断隐含意义。这类试题的题干中常含有infer(推断)，learn about(知道)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，conclude(推断)，indicate(暗示)等词语。 怎么学在平时的阅读训练中努力使自己融入到作者的思想中，根据作者的逻辑思路去读，去理解，不妨在平时阅读文章时先遮掉某些段落，然后考虑之后可能会发生什么，然后再去验证。练习久了，一定能提升预测能力，化被动为主动。 怎么解解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多步推理。考生解题时通常需要透过文字的表层意思，在全文的背景下理解文章的深层含义。同时要求考生不仅要读懂所涉及内容的每个句子的意思，还要推断出它们之间的关系，再结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层含义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时考生务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推断的依据，即已知部分推理的前提，从中推断出未知部分推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。 解答这类题的一般步骤是：1.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2.字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。3.深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。 【典例剖析1】体裁：记叙文话题：女性人物词数：285时间：6(2016全国卷，A)You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(1907-1964)If it werent for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and，in 1981，the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，”said Parks.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，属于人物传记。介绍了近一百年来涌现出来的四位杰出的女性。 1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her lack of proper training in law.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.答案A事实细节题。第二段第一句的意思是，任何一位得到过帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams。由此可知，Jane Addams以a social worker的身份帮助了他人。故答案为A。 2.What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.答案C推理判断题。根据第四段“.she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”可知，由于OConnor是女性，而未能在法律事务所找到工作。由此可以推断这是对妇女的歧视。因此答案只能选C。 3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A.Jane Addams. B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day OConnor. D.Rosa Parks.答案D事实细节题。由题干可以迅速将答案锁定在文章最后一段，根据“Her simple act landed Parks in prison.and kicked off the civil rights movement.”所提供的信息可知，Parks为国内的人权运动做出了极大贡献。故选D项。 4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.答案C推理判断题。根据短文对四位妇女的介绍可知，她们在各自的领域所做出的贡献开创了历史的新局面，起着带头人的作用。因此答案为C。此外，由文中出现两次的the first woman也可推断答案。 【典例剖析2】体裁：记叙文话题：人生百态词数：290时间：6(2015全国卷，A)My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately，I didnt got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise.For some reason，when certain shows switched into a commercial，a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually，this noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work，and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set. When neither of these methods removed the static noise，I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now，but I keep expecting more trouble.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者用幽默诙谐的笔调向我们讲述了他购买的一台电视机所带来的一系列烦恼的故事。 5.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldnt return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.答案 C推理判断题。根据“.newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.”可知，作者是在一天后看到自己所购买的电视机降了75美元才感觉自己上当受骗了。由此可知他本可以以更低的价格购买这台电视机的。因此C项正确。 6.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed all-night movies答案 A词义猜测题。由下一句的内容可知，我没有彻夜播放电影的频道，不然就无法睡觉了。据此可以推断作者一直看到一天的节目结束为止。故A项为正确答案。 7.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A.By shaking and hitting it.B.By turning it on and off.C.By switching channels.D.By having it repaired.答案D事实细节题。由短文最后“My trip to the repair shop cost me $62.”一句可知，作者把电视机送到维修店请人修理。 8. How does the author sound when telling the story?A.Curious. B.Anxious.C.Cautious. D.Humorous.答案D推理判断题。纵览全文，尤其是第二段末句“I actually began to build up my arm muscles，shaking my set.”(通过摇晃电视机，我手臂的肌肉增强了不少)，字里行间流露出作者幽默调侃的语气。因此答案为D。