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第十四节 句子（二） 考 点 精 讲 精 练 句子按其结构可分为三类：简单句、并列句和复合句。本节我们将重点阐述中考最常涉及的复合句宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。在此之前先了解一下简单句和并列句。 一、简单句 简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。简单句的五种基本句型如下： 二、并列复合句 由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上独立分句的句子叫做并列复合句，简称并列句。 三、主从复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句组成的句子叫做主从复合句。中考对主从复合句的考查主要为宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。 【考点1】宾语从句()考点精讲： 1. 定义:在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。 2. 宾语从句三要素： 【考题再现】( )1. (2016玉林)Excuse me. Could you please tell me _ change some money, please?Of course. Walk along the street to the end and you can find a bank. A. where I can B. where can IC. where I was able to D. where was I able to A ( )2. (2016绥化)I dont know _ he will come or not this afternoon. A. if B. whenC. whetherC ( )3. (2015广东)David asked _ in China.Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting. A. why he can greet a lady by kissing her B. why he could greet a lady by kissing herC. whether he can greet a lady by kissing her D. whether he could greet a lady by kissing herD ( )4. (2015梅州)Show me the map, please. I wonder _.Look, its here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province. A. where is Diaoyu IslandB. where Diaoyu Island isC. what is Diaoyu Island likeD. when Diaoyu Island isB ( )5. (2015广州)Could you tell me _ a moment ago? A. what were they talking aboutB. what are they talking about C. what they were talking aboutD. what they are talking about C ( )6. (2014广东)Do you know_？8, 844.43 meters. Its a popular place with mountain climbers. A. how high is QomolangmaB. how long is QomolangmaC. how high Qomolangma isD. how long Qomolangma isC 【考点演练】( )7. I dont understand _.Im sorry. But I was doing my homework. A. why you didnt watch the football matchB. why didnt you watch the football match C. why you dont watch the football matchD. why dont you watch the football matchA ( )8. Please tell me _ the scarf?She bought it online, I guess.A. if Alice likedB. when Alice boughtC. where Alice boughtD. how much did Alice pay forC ( )9. Fathers Day is coming. Im thinking about _. A. what present should I give himB. where we had a big mealC. how I will give him a surpriseD. if am I going to plan a party for himC ( )10. I wonder _. Its about an unusual experience of a little girl. A. who wrote the book B. what the book is about C. how I can get the bookD. Where did you buy the bookB ( )11. I am worried about _. Whatever the result is, dont be too hard on yourself. A. how have I prepared for my final examsB. if I can get great grades in the final examsC. that my school team lost the game because of my faultD. why did my school team lose the game B ( )12. Do you know _ the Smiths left Shanghai? Im not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday. A. if B. whyC. how D. whenD 【考点2】状语从句()考点精讲： 1. 定义：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子称为状语从句。 2. 状语从句分时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等几种类型。具体如下： 3. 状语从句的位置：状语从句可放在主句之前，用逗号与其隔开，也可放在主句之后。 4. “主将从现”与时态呼应的情形： 【考题再现】( )1. (2016宜昌)Learning to love is like learn-ing to walk.Yes, _ we step out bravely, well find its not so difficult. A. as if B. even thoughC. as long as D. as far as C ( )2. (2016临沂)_ American people and British people speak the same language, their cultures are quite different. A. Since B. IfC. Although D. BecauseC ( )3. (2016邵阳)We _ for a picnic if it _ rain this Sunday. A. will go; doesnt B. will go; wont goC. go; doesnt ( )4. (2016重庆)Dont worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you _ away on business. A. are B. wereC. will be D. have beenAA ( )5. (2015广东)Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office. Only when she _ copying this report. A. finishes B. finishC. finished D. will finishA ( )6. (2014广东)I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight. Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match _. A. starts B. startedC. will start D. is startingA 【考点演练】( )7. I want to know if he _ to play bas-ketball with us.I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will beC. will come; is D. will come; will be C ( )8. I wonder when he _ in Havard University. He will e-mail you as soon as he _ there. A. arrive; will get B. will arrive; getsC. will arrive; will get D. arrive; getsB ( )9. Tina is _ nervous _ she cant say a word. A. such; that B. too; toC. so; that D. enough; to( )10. _ youve tasted it, you cant imagine how delicious the dishes are. A. Because B. AlthoughC. When D. UnlessCD ( )11. I told him the news _ he came back yesterday. A. until B. as soon asC. unless D. sinceB ( )12. Dad, please tell me when Mom _. I miss her very much. She will return when she _ her job done. And she will bring a nice present for you. A. returns; gets B. returns; will get C. will return; gets D. will return; will getC 【考点3】定语从句()考点精讲： 1. 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 2. 结构：一般为含先行词的主句关系词引导的定语从句。 3. 引导定语从句的关系词： (1)关系代词：that，which，who(宾格为whom，所有格为whose)，位于先行词及定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的主语、宾语、定语等成分。 (2)关系副词：where，when，why等。常在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语，且往往可以用介词加which (如in which； on which； for which等)代替。 4. 关系词的区别运用： (1)I like teachers who teach in their own ways. 我喜欢那些有自己教学风格的老师。(who作主语，指人，可用that代替，不可省略) (2)He is the man (who) Sarah loves. 他是萨拉爱的男人。(who作宾语，指人，可用whom或that替换，均可省略) (3) The novel (which) I bought in the bookstore was wonderful. 我在书店买的那本小说很精彩。(which作宾语，指物，可用that替换，均可省略。若作主语则不可省略) (4)Paul knows the boy whose sister died last year. 保罗认识那个男孩，(他的)妹妹去年死了。(whose只能作定语，不可省略，在本句中指人，它也可指物) (5)She remembers the wooden house where her grandparents used to live. 她记得她祖父母曾经居住过的木屋子。(where在此作地点状语，不能省略，相当于in which) (6)That was the day when little Ivy was born. 那就是小艾薇出生的日子。(when在此作时间状语，不可省略，相当于on which) (7)Let me know the reason why youre so upset. 告诉我你如此不安的原因。(why在此作原因状语，不可省略，相当于for which)5. 关系词使用的特例关系词只能用that而不宜用which的情况： 【考题再现】( )1. (2016龙东)To be a better man is the best soap opera _ I have ever seen. A. that B. whereC. who( )2. (2015广东)Running man is a very relaxing TV program _ is hot among the young people. A. what B. whichC. who D. whomAB ( )3. (2015广州)The stories _ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. A. that B. thoseC. who D. what( )4. (2015梅州)Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belong B. that belongC. that belongs D. which belongsAC ( )5. (2014茂名)Disneyland is a place _ I wish to visit. A. which B. what C. where( )6. (2014广东)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island， the first thing _ he did was to look for some food. A. who B. that C. which D. whomAB 【考点演练】( )7. Yesterday Wang Xi went to the village _ he lived in his childhood. A. when B. whichC. where D. that ( )8. Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine. A. who B. whatC. that D. whomCC ( )9. Mr. Smith is an excellent teacher _ always gives us lively lessons. A. whose B. whichC. whom D. who( )10. One of the most delicious drinks _ I like is orange juice. A. which B. thatC. whose D. whomDB ( )11. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _ you had with your dad yesterday. A. what B. whichC. when D. whoB ( )12. Phillip doesnt know _ he and his friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money. A. that; whose B. how; whoC. what; who D. what; whoseD
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