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人 文 英 语 4English for the Humanities 4 Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4 City and Country LifeEducational FairnessUnit 5 Quality of EducationLegal ComplaintUnit 6 Effective CommunicationUnit 7 Social WorkUnit 8 Pleading not Guilty Contents Unit 1 British Culture 1 British Culture 4 2给予解释Give explanations 写评论Write a comment表达强调Express emphasis31 Learning Objectives谈论英国文化Talk about British culture Getting StartedMatch the places / people with the pictures below. Please make some comments on the places / people. You may search for more detailed information on the Internet.A.William Shakespeare B. Tower Bridge C. Big BenD. The Beatles E. The London Eye F. Winston Churchill Big Ben( 大 本 钟 ) Big Ben is the nickname for the Great Bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and often extended to refer to the clock and the clock tower. The tower is officially known as Elizabeth Tower, renamed to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2 0 1 2 . The tower holds the second largest four-faced chiming clock in the world. The tower was completed in 1 8 5 8 and has become one of the most prominent symbols of the United Kingdom and is often in the establishing shot of films set in London.Culture Note Tower Bridge( 塔 桥 ) Tower Bridge (built 1886 1894) is a combined bascule and suspension bridge( 开 合 桥 和 吊 桥 ) in London. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London. The bridge consists of two bridge towers tied together at the upper level by two horizontal walkways. The bridge deck is freely accessible to both vehicles and pedestrians, whereas the bridges twin towers, high-level walkways and Victorian engine rooms form part of the Tower Bridge Exhibition, for which an admission charge is made. Culture Note William Shakespeare( 威 廉 莎 士 比 亚 ) William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds preeminent( 卓 越 的 , 超 群 的 ) dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet, and the “Bard of Avon”. His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 3 8 plays, 1 5 4 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.Culture Note What question does Liu Hui ask Gordon about watching TV? What benefit can people enjoy when they reach the age of 7 5 in terms of TV license? What is the main source of income for BBC?Listening and SpeakingTask 3Listen to the dialog and answer the following questions. 【 句 子 】 You need to be covered by a TV license if you watch or record programs as theyre beingshown on TV or live on an online TV service.【 译 文 】 如 果 你 观 看 或 录 制 电 视 播 放 或 在 线 实 况 转 播 的 节目 , 你 就 需 要 持 有 电 视 收 视 许 可 证 。【 难 点 】 license 许 可 证 , 执 照 。 例 如 : business license 营 业 执 照 , drivers license 驾 驶 执 照 ; 美 语 中 , license 也 可 以 作 动 词 , 意 为 “ 授 权 , 发 许 可 证 ” 。例 如 : The new drug has not yet been licensed in the US. 这 种 新 药 在 美 国 还 没 有被 许 可 。 online 在 线 的 , 在 网 上 。 例 如 : online shopping 网 络 购 物 , online game 网 络 游 戏 , online banking 网 上 银 行 。Listening and SpeakingTask 3Language Notes 【 句 子 】 Including watching TV on computers and mobile phones? 【 译 文 】 包 括 在 电 脑 上 和 手 机 上 看 电 视 吗 ?【 难 点 】 mobile 移 动 式 的 。 例 如 : mobile phone 移 动 电 话 , 手 机 ; mobile communication 移 动 通 信 。【 句 子 】 We do for the live cable TV programs.【 译 文 】 我 们 的 直 播 有 线 电 视 节 目 需 要 电 视 收 视 许 可 证 。【 难 点 】 这 里 的 do 指 上 句 话 中 的 need, 意 为 “ 需 要 ” 。 单 词 live 此 处 是 形 容 词 , 意 为“ 直 播 的 ” 。 cable 电 缆 。 例 如 : They run commercials on cable systems across the country. 他 们 在 遍 布 全 国 的 有 线 电 视 网 做 广 告 。Listening and SpeakingTask 3Language Notes 强 调 句I do hate the awful symbols on the walls definitely. 我 绝 对 讨 厌 墙 上 那 些 讨 厌 的 符 号 。英 语 中 表 示 “ 强 调 ” 的 方 式 有 很 多 种 , 常 见 的 方 法 如 下 :1 . 用 助 词 do 表 示 强 调 。 例 如 :The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then she does catch a cold.Do be quiet. I told you I had a headache.2 . 用 形 容 词 very, single 等 表 示 强 调 。 例 如 :The Red Army fought a battle on this very spot.Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.3 . 用 副 词 very, only, even, so 等 表 示 强 调 。 例 如 :Check It Out He drank it to the very last drop.Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops.4 . 用 . and that, . and those, . not too much,“否 定 加 否 定 ” 等 结 构 表 示 强 调 。 例 如 :They fulfilled the task, and that in a few days.5 . 用 反 身 代 词 表 示 强 调 。 例 如 :I myself will see her off at the station.6 . 用 短 语 in every way, in no way, by all means, by no means, only too, all too, buttoo, in heaven, in the world, in hell, on earth 等 表 示 强 调 。 例 如 :His behavior is in every way perfect.Check It Out Listen to the dialog and decide whether the following statements are TRUE (T)or FALSE (F).Listening and SpeakingTask 41. Molly has already had some plans this afternoon. 2. Zhang Hua asks Molly to walk around with him.3. Zhang Hua wants to see the typical British phone booths or the red buses.4. Molly doesnt think graffiti is part of Londons street culture.5. It is through the movie, Sherlock, that Zhang Hua becomes interested in graffiti ( )( )( )( )( ) 【 句 子 】 Would you like to walk around with me?【 译 文 】 您 愿 意 和 我 一 起 四 处 走 走 吗 ? 【 难 点 】 walk around 四 处 走 走 。 例 如 : Its important to take mini-breaks during your work day. Stop what youre doing, massage your shoulders, neck, head, hands and arms, get up and stretch, walk around and drink some water. 忙 碌 的 一 天 中 抽 出 时 间 歇 一 会 儿 是 很 重 要 的 。 停下 手 中 的 事 , 揉 揉 肩 膀 、 脖 子 、 头 、 手 和 手 臂 , 站 起 来 伸 个 懒 腰 , 四 处 走 动 走 动 , 喝 点 儿水 。【 句 子 】 You can pose for pictures with these magnificent places in the background. 【 译 文 】 你 可 以 以 这 些 壮 观 的 地 方 作 背 景 留 影 。 【 难 点 】 pose for 摆 好 姿 势 ( 让 别 人 拍 照 或 画 像 ) 。 例 如 : I hadnt been on a horse since I was five, and then only to pose for a picture in a cowboy outfit. 我 五 岁 的 时 候 曾 经 穿 着 一 身 牛仔 装 爬 到 马 背 上 , 但 只 是 为 了 拍 张 照 片 而 已 , 从 那 以 后 我 就 再 没 有 骑 过 马 。Listening and SpeakingTask 4Language Notes It is / was + 被 强 调 部 分 + that 句 型 It is / was + 被 强 调 部 分 + that. 句 型 是 强 调 句 型 , 将 被 强 调 的 部 分 放 在前 面 , 其 他 部 分 置 于 that 之 后 。 被 强 调 部 分 可 以 是 主 语 、 宾 语 或 状 语 。 强 调的 主 语 如 果 是 人 , that 也 可 以 由 who 替 代 。 It is 或 It was 分 别 表 示现 在 ( 将 来 ) 或 过 去 。 例 如 :It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. ( 强 调 主 语 )It is me that he is going to blame. ( 强 调 宾 语 )It was on Monday night that all this happened. ( 强 调 状 语 )Check It Out Useful Expressions Talk about British culture Id like to see more of Londons streets. I also want to see something special. The typical British phone booths or the red buses? I do hate the awful symbols on the walls definitely. Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon. He drank it to the very last drop. Express emphasis Give explanations You need to be covered by a TV license It costs the same for all applicants under 7 5 . There is no advertising on the BBC channels. Read the passage and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.Reading and WritingTask 51 . There are no free services over 4 8 0 channels for people to choose from in the UK.2 . People in the UK cant watch digital content on the Internet.3 . The Labor and Liberal Parties agreed with the bill introduced by the Conservative Government in 1 9 5 3 .4 . The BBC and Independent Television often put out different types of programs at the same time.5 . The license fee for color is almost the same as that for black and white. Reading and WritingTask 5 Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions from the passage to outline the development of British TV. Television broadcasting started in the United Kingdom in 1936 as a public service 1 . In 1953 the Conservative Government introduced a bill to 2 commercial television. This was opposed very strongly by the 3 Parties, but the bill was passed and commercial television flourishes. Now there is a collection of 4 services over a variety of distribution media, through which there are over 480 channels for consumers as well as 5 . In the United Kingdom and 6 , any household watching or recording live television transmissions as they are being broadcast (terrestrial, satellite, cable, or Internet) is required to hold a 7 . Since April 1, 2010 the 8 has been 145.50 for color and 49.00 for 9 . On October 24, 2012, all television broadcasts in the United Kingdom were 10 . 【 句 子 】 Now there is a collection of free and subscription services over a variety of distribution media, through which there are over 4 8 0 channels for consumers as well as on-demand content. 【 译 文 】 现 在 , 各 种 传 播 媒 体 可 为 消 费 者 提 供 4 8 0 多 个 频 道 及 点 播 内 容 , 其 中 既 有 免 费 服 务 也 有 付 费 服 务 。【 难 点 】 subscription 订 购 , 订 阅 。 例 如 : subscription library 收 费 图 书 馆 , subscription channel 付 费 频 道 。 on-demand 按 需 的 。 例 如 : The need for business integration in the on demand era has never been so compelling. 进 入 随 需 应 变 的 时 代 以 来 , 我 们 对 业 务 整 合 的 需 求 从 未 如 此 强 烈 。【 句 子 】 On October 2 4 , 2 0 1 2 , all television broadcasts in the United Kingdom were in a digital format. 【 译 文 】 2 0 1 2 年 1 0 月 2 4 日 , 英 国 所 有 的 电 视 广 播 都 采 用 数 码 格 式 。【 难 点 】 format 格 式 。 例 如 : We will discuss the advantages of one format over the other. 我 们 将 讨 论 这 两种 格 式 各 自 的 优 点 。Language NotesReading and WritingTask 5 Reading and WritingTask 5Language Notes【 句 子 】 In 1 9 5 3 the Conservative Government introduced a bill to make arrangements for commercial television.【 译 文 】 1 9 5 3 年 , 保 守 党 政 府 提 出 了 一 项 议 案 , 安 排 设 立 商 业 电 视 。【 难 点 】 conservative 保 守 的 。 例 如 : People tend to be more liberal when theyre young and more conservative as they get older. 人 们 年 轻 时 往 往 更 开 放 , 年 纪 越 大 就 越 保 守 。 bill 议 案 。例 如 : This is the toughest crime bill that the Congress has passed in a decade. 这 是 十 年 来 国会 通 过 的 最 强 硬 的 犯 罪 议 案 。 make arrangements for 安 排 某 事 。 例 如 : Im going to make arrangements for your business trip. 我 去 给 你 安 排 出 差 事 宜 。 commercial 商 业 的 。 例 如 : Baltimore in its heyday was a major center of industrial and commercial activity. 巴 尔 的 摩 在 其 鼎 盛 时 期 曾 是 工 商 业 活 动 的 重 要 中 心 。 【 句 子 】 Thus, the license fee made up the bulk of the BBCs total income of 5 .1 0 2 billion in 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 .【 译 文 】 因 此 , 收 视 许 可 证 费 占 到 了 BBC 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 年 5 1 .0 2 亿 英 镑 总 收 入 的 大 部 分 。 【 难 点 】 make up组 成 , 构 成 。 例 如 : The Chinese make up the largest single ethnic group in the citys public classrooms. 华 人 在 该 市 公 立 学 校 中 构 成 最 大 的 一 个 族 群 。 bulk 大 部 分 , 大 多 数 。 例 如 : The bulk of the text is essentially a review of these original documents. 正 文 的 大 部 分 基 本 上 是 对 这 些 原 始 文 献 的 回 顾 。Language NotesReading and WritingTask 5 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. Graffiti painting is traditionally a daredevil pursuit.2. But over the past decade, graffiti has all but disappeared from Britains cities.3. The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train-painting is better policing.4. The Internet means that painters can win far more attention by posting pictures online than they can by breaking into a railway yard.5. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon a slightly healthier alternative to sitting and watching football.Reading and WritingTask 6 【 句 子 】 Between 2 0 0 7 and 2 0 1 2 the number of incidents of graffiti recorded by the British Transport Police fell by 6 3 %. 【 译 文 】 2 0 0 7 2 0 1 2 年 , 英 国 交 通 警 察 局 记 录 的 涂 鸦 事 件 下 降 了 6 3 %。【 难 点 】 incident 事 件 。 例 如 : These incidents were the latest in a series of disputes between the two nations. 这 些 事 件 是 两 国 一 系 列 争 端 中 最 近 的 几 起 。【 句 子 】 If you are having an argument with your child, you need to make sure you both take the time to really listen. 【 译 文 】 如 果 你 和 孩 子 之 间 发 生 争 执 , 你 应 该 确 保 你 们 彼 此 花 时 间 互 相 倾 听 对 方 。【 难 点 】 have an argument with 与 发 生 争 吵 。 例 如 : Tom had an argument with his boss during the meeting this morning. 汤 姆 今 天 上 午 在 开 会 的 时 候 和 他 的 老 板 发 生 了 争 吵 。 take the time to do 花 费时 间 去 做 某 事 。 其 中 take 表 示 “ 耗 费 ( 时 间 ) ” , 经 常 用 于 这 个 结 构 中 : It takes sb. (sometime) to do sth. 某 人 花 时 间 做 某 事 。 例 如 : It takes me a long time to understand the theme of the novel. 我 花 了 相 当 长 的 时 间 才 理 解 了 那 部 小 说 的 主 题 。 Reading and WritingTask 6Language Notes 【 句 子 】 Graffiti are increasingly confined to sanctioned walls. 【 译 文 】 涂 鸦 越 来 越 被 限 制 在 被 批 准 的 墙 上 。【 难 点 】 confine 限 制 。 例 如 : They decided not to let their new dog run loose, confining it to a fenced enclosure during the day. 他 们 决 定 不 让 他 们 新 买 的 狗 乱 跑 , 白 天 就 把 它 关 在 有 围 栏 的 围圈 里 。 sanction 批 准 , 认 可 。 例 如 : The church would not sanction his second marriage. 教 会 不 会认 可 他 的 第 二 次 婚 姻 。【 句 子 】 In time the practice may die out entirely. 【 译 文 】 最 终 涂 鸦 也 许 会 完 全 消 失 。 【 难 点 】 in time 最 终 , 迟 早 。 例 如 : If you keep on, you will succeed in time. 如 果 坚 持 下 去 , 你总 有 一 天 会 成 功 。 die out 消 失 , 灭 绝 。 例 如 : Campus life will lose its variety and vigor if marginalized clubs die out. 如 果 一 些 边 缘 社 团 消 失 了 , 校 园 生 活 也 就 会 失 去 其 多 样 性 和 活 力 。Reading and WritingTask 6Language Notes Corporate Culture( 企 业 文 化 ) Corporate culture is the general values, beliefs and attitudes that characterize a company and guide its practices. To some extent, a companys internal culture may be expressed in its mission state mentor vision statement. Elements of corporate culture include a companys physical environment, human resources practices and the staff itself. Corporate culture is also reflected in the degree of emphasis placed on various defining elements such as hierarchy( 层 级 ) , process, innovation, collaboration, competition, community involvement and social engagement. A corporate culture that reflects the broader culture is usually more successful than one that is at odds with it. For example, in the current global culture, which values transparency ( 透 明 度 ) , equality and communication, a secretive company with a strictly hierarchical structure may have a public relations problem. Workplace TipWorkplace Tip Ask your classmates, colleagues or friends the following questions and write down his / her answers.Reading and WritingTask 7 How many people are there in your family?Do your family members often watch TV?How many hours do they spend watching TV every day on average?What kind of TV programs do your family members like to watch?Do your family members often watch TV together? 2 City and Country Life 4 2谈论最新消息Give and respond to news 写备忘录Write a memo表达强烈情感Express strongfeelings31 Learning Objectives谈论城乡生活Talk about urban and rural life Getting StartedWhat are the people in the following pictures doing? What kinds of sports do you like best? Match the pictures with the sports in the box.Football table tennis fishing cycling board games hiking camping snooker skating bowling card games Where does Zhang Hua live these days?What has made Zhang Hua move to the country?What does Zhang Hua plan to do in the future?Listening and SpeakingTask 3Listen to the dialog and answer the following questions. 【 句 子 】 Ive just gotten fed up with the tension of city life. 【 译 文 】 我 已 经 厌 倦 了 紧 张 的 城 市 生 活 。 【 难 点 】 be / get fed up with sth. 意 思 是 “ 受 够 了 , 厌 倦 了 ” 。 例 如 : He is fed up with the noise and closes the door.他 受 够 了 那 噪 声 , 关 上 了 门【 句 子 】 I no longer have to breathe in exhaust fumes. 【 译 文 】 我 再 也 不 用 吸 入 那 些 废 气 了 。 【 难 点 】 no longer / no more 表 示 “ 不 再 ” , 与 notany longer / more 意 思 一 样 。 例如 : He no longer lives here. 他 不 再 住 在 这 里 了 。 也 可 以 说 : He doesnt live here any longer.Listening and SpeakingTask 3Language Notes (not) as as 的 用 法 There arent as many job vacancies in the country as in the city. 乡 下 的 空 缺 职 位 不 如 城 里 多 。 not as / so + adj. / adv. +as 的 意 思 是 “ 不 如 , 不 像 ” 。 例 如 : This dictionary is not as / so useful as you think. 其 肯 定 式 为 asas, 意 为 “ 和 一 样 ” , 表 示 同 级 的 比 较 。 其 基 本 结 构 为 : as+adj. / adv. +as。 例 如 : This film is as interesting as that one. 另 外 还 有 一 些 常 见 的 asas 句 型 , 但 是 不 表 示 比 较 。 例 如 : Please answer my question as soon as possible.Check It Out Listen to the dialog and decide whether the following statements are TRUE (T)or FALSE (F).Listening and SpeakingTask 41 . The newspaper says we should sort trash. ( )2 . Many communities have not already done that. ( )3 . Trash is trash not only when everything is mixed together. ( )4 . It is high time for us to sort out the trash. ( )5 . People should be informed about how to do that in the first place. ( ) 【 句 子 】 With trash separated, pollution caused by incineration can be avoided. 【 译 文 】 如 果 垃 圾 被 分 类 , 那 么 焚 烧 带 来 的 污 染 就 可 以 避 免 。【 难 点 】 句 中 介 词 with 后 跟 名 词 短 语 , 表 示 条 件 。 例 如 : With your permission, sir, Id like to speak. 先 生 , 若 您 允 许 , 我 想 发 言 。【 句 子 】 Otherwise, few people would bother to do it. 【 译 文 】 否 则 , 很 少 有 人 会 费 力 这 样 做 。【 难 点 】 bother to do sth.意 为 “ 费 力 做 某 事 , 不 嫌 麻 烦 做 某 事 ” , 常 用 于 否 定 句 中 , 表示 不 理 会 、 嫌 麻 烦 的 态 度 。 例 如 : He didnt even bother to say thank you. 他 甚 至 连 说 一声 谢 谢 都 不 肯 。Listening and SpeakingTask 4Language Notes It is (high) time 的 用 法 It is high time for us to sort out the trash. 现 在 正 是 该 将 垃 圾 分 类 的 时 候 了 。 It is (high) time 意 思 是 “ 现 在 正 是 该 的 时 候 了 ” , 后 面 可 以 跟 不 定 式 。 例 如 : It is high time for the students to devote more energy to learning technology. It is high time for us to make changes in the digital age. 当 It is (high) time 后 面 加 that 从 句 的 时 候 , 要 用 虚 拟 语 气 , 即 从 句 中 要 用 过 去 时 或“ should+ 动 词 原 形 ” 的 形 式 。 例 如 : It is (high) time that we went to bed. It is (high) time that we should tell him the truth. Check It Out Incineration( 垃 圾 焚 烧 ) Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion( 燃 烧 ) of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration of waste materials converts( 转 化 ) the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. Incinerators reduce the solid mass( 质 量 ) of the original waste by 80%85% and the volume ( 体 积 ) (already compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 95%96%. Incineration should also include a materials separation to remove hazardous( 危 险 的 ) , bulky or recyclable materials before combustion.Culture Note Useful ExpressionsTalk about urban and rural life I like living in the country life is simple, quiet and energetic. It means quietness, privacy, harmony and peace for me. Living in the country requires an active lifestyle. That would be great! Ive gotten fed up with the tension of city life I always hate it when people mix all the trash together.Express strong feelings Give and respond to news Thats wonderful / fantastic! Im glad to hear that! What fantastic / good / brilliant / great / wonderful / splendid news! Public Library( 公 共 图 书 馆 )A public library is a library that is accessible by the general public. They are generally supported by taxes (usually local, though any level of government can and may contribute). They provide basic services without charge and are open to all and every community member can access the collection. Public libraries exist in many countries across the world and are often considered as an essential part of having an educated and literate( 有 读 写 能 力 的 ) population.Culture Note Reading and WritingTask 51 . The author has lived in the countryside for more than a decade, and he / she loves living there.2 . Living in the country is not interesting at all.3 . The author takes a walk or drives along country roads almost every day.4 . People living in the country usually go shopping every Saturday.5 . According to the author, nobody dislikes countryside life.Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). Reading and WritingTask 5Language Notes【 句 子 】 It may be just a get-together on a Saturday at the local farmers market. 【 译 文 】 它 或 许 仅 仅 是 周 六 当 地 农 贸 市 场 里 的 一 次 小 聚 【 难 点 】 句 中 的 get-together 此 处 被 用 作 名 词 , 意 思 是 “ 聚 会 ” 。 类 似 的 如 break-through, 动 词 和 名词 均 为 “ 突 破 ” 之 意 。 。【 句 子 】 This routine will establish a sense of structure and increase feelings of control and safety. 【 译 文 】 这 种 惯 例 会 形 成 一 种 按 部 就 班 的 感 觉 , 并 增 加 控 制 感 和 安 全 感 。 【 难 点 】 a sense of 表 示 “ 一 种 感 觉 ” 。 例 如 : a sense of trust 信 任 感 ; a sense of humor 幽 默 感 。 feeling of 表 示 “ 的 感 觉 ” 。 例 如 : A feeling of shame came over her. 她
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