大学学术英语视听说Lesson.ppt

7RobotsHow They Workand Learn to Work TOPIC PREVIEWBEFORE LISTENING LISTENING AFTER LISTENING EXPANSION n Answer the following questions with a partner or your classmates.1. What do you picture when you think of “a robot”? What does it look like? What does it do? Draw a simple picture of your robot. 2. Have you seen a movie or TV show in which robots play an important role? What was the name of the movie? What did the robots do in the movie? How do “real” robots differ from “movie” robots? 3. What will robots look like and be doing in 10 years? in 20 years? in 50 years? Proper NamesHonda 日本本田公司ASIMO 日本本田公司开发的步行机器人VOCABULARY PREVIEW VOCABULARY PREVIEWa Listen to the following sentences that contain information from the lecture. As you listen, write the word from the box that completes the sentence.assembly autonomous detect efficiently guidanceindustrial precise repetitive sensors stores1. Today, Im going to talk mostly about industrial robots.2. These robots do work that is repetitive, dangerous, or boring.3. The robot learns to do its job with the guidance of a human being.4. Robotic arms on the assembly line join the parts of a car together.5. Robots are very precise when repeating a task. Audio Track 1-7-1 VOCABULARY PREVIEWa Listen to the following sentences that contain information from the lecture. As you listen, write the word from the box that completes the sentence.6. Robots do work humans could do, but they do it more efficiently .7. The robot stores the exact movements in its computer memory.8. A robot uses sensors to gather information.9. An autonomous machine can change its behavior in relation to its surroundings.10. Hondas ASIMO can detect the movements of people nearby. assembly autonomous detect efficiently guidanceindustrial precise repetitive sensors storesAudio Track 1-7-1 e i j b d a f g c h 1. detect2. precise3. autonomous4. industrial5. store6. repetitive7. guidance8. assembly9. sensor10. efficiently a. over and over in the same way each timeb. used in industry and manufacturingc. a device that reacts to change in light, heat, sound, etc.d. to save information to be used againe. to find or become aware of somethingf. help, assistance, and directiong. the process of putting something togetherh. done quickly and correctlyi. accurate and correctj. independent; able to act aloneVOCABULARY PREVIEWb Match the words to their definitions. PREDICTIONSn Think about the questions in the Topic Preview and the sentences you heard in the Vocabulary Preview. Write three questions that you think will be answered in the lecture. Share your questions with your classmates.1. What do you picture when you think of “a robot”? What does it look like? What does it do? Draw a simple picture of your robot. 2. Have you seen a movie or TV show in which robots play an important role? What was the name of the movie? What did the robots do in the movie? How do “real” robots differ from “movie” robots? 3. What will robots look like and be doing in 10 years? in 20 years? in 50 years? NOTETAKING PREPARATIONn Listening for New Sections of a LectureDifferent sections of a lecture deal with different aspects of the lecturers chosen topic. As you listen to a lecture, listen for when the lecturer moves from one aspect of the topic to a new aspect. When that happens, leave a space and start a new section in your notes.nA section of a lecture may, for example, give a definition, provide historical background, analyze reasons, or describe a process. A lecturer will use language such as the following to introduce a new section:Id like to start by defining . . .Now, lets talk about why . . .So what is the process by which . . .Next, I want to examine the history of . . . NOTETAKING PREPARATIONa Listen to three section openings from the lecture. Take notes. Audio Track 1-7-2 NOTETAKING PREPARATIONb Listen again to the section openings from the lecture. Circle what you think the lecturer will go on to talk about in each section. Audio Track 1-7-21. a. historical background b. a process c. a description d. a definition2. a. historical background b. a process c. a description d. a definition3. a. historical background b. a process c. a description d. a definition NOTETAKING PREPARATIONc Listen to sentences from the lecture. Write the cue you hear in each sentence that shows the lecturer is describing a step in a process.Discourse Cues for Chronology When you listen to steps in a process, remember to listen for language that signals the different steps. Review the discourse cues on pages 26 and 33.Audio Track 1-7-31. first . 2. so now .3. and then . 4. next .5. until . FIRST LISTENINGp Listen to the lecture on robots. As you listen, put the following parts of the lecture in the order that you hear them. Number them 1 to 5.32541 How robots learn their jobRobots more effective than humansAn example of an autonomous machineAutomatic robotsRobots on factory assembly lines Audio Track 1-7-4 SECOND LISTENINGp Listen to information from the lecture. The speaker will talk slowly and carefully. You dont have to do anything as you listen. Just relax and listen. Audio Track 1-7-5 THIRD LISTENINGp Listen to the lecture in two parts. Follow the directions for each part. When you have finished, review your notes. Later, you will use them to summarize the lecture with a partner.1You will hear the first part of the lecture again. Listen and complete the notes by adding the abbreviations and symbols from the box.machs e.g. contr Rs =1. what robots lk like not humans machs2. todays topic = Indust Rs Rs do wk rep, dang, boring most Rs wk in factories, e.g. ptg lids on jars in car facts Rs very precise Rs do human wk more efficly and precisely3. how rbts wk rbts 1st need contr syst Audio Track 1-7-6 THIRD LISTENING2As you listen to the second part of the lecture, take your own notes on a separate piece of paper. Audio Track 1-7-7 a You will hear six questions about the lecture. Listen to each question and write the letter of the best answer.ACCURACY CHECK c 1. a. easyb. humanc. repetitived. interesting d 4. a. an automatic robotb. an industrial machinec. a handheld computerd. its brain a 2. a. jars of fruitb. parts of carsc. wheels on tiresd. bolts on wheels a 5. a. with the guidance of a human beingb. with the help of another robotc. with its arms and handsd. with its moving parts c 3. a. sensorb. power c. control systemd. arms and legs a 6. a. find itb. lift and move itc. determine its weightd. determine the amount of force to use Audio Track 1-7-8 b You will hear four questions about the lecture. Write a short answer to each question. Use your notes.ACCURACY CHECK Audio Track 1-7-91. With the help and guidance of a human being who uses a handheld computer to guide the robots motions. . 2. Because they are programmed to follow specific series of movements. .3. It can move to avoid bumping into someone or something in its way. .4. It can learn to dance. . n Use your notes to create an oral summary of the lecture with your partner. As you work together, add details to your notes that your partner included but you had missed.ORAL SUMMARY n Discuss the following questions with a classmate or in a small group.DISCUSSION1. Robots do many jobs in factories that people used to do. What are some of the reasons why robots are now used for these jobs? Do robots put people out of work? 2. Robots will continue to become more human-like until they look, talk, and think much like human beings. Is this a good thing or a bad thing? Why? 3. 3-D printers already exist. In the future similar machines could use nanobotsrobots too small to seeto turn raw materials into new products. Is this a good idea? Why? TASK 1 Steps in Doing Researchn Listen to someone describe the steps in doing research. As you listen, match the steps below to the pictures. Write the number of the step next to the picture. Audio Track 1-7-10Step 1: Do background research.Step 2: Conduct your experiment.Step 3: Make observations.Step 4: Record and analyze your results.Step 5: Present your research.Step 3 Step 2 Step 1 Step 5 Step 4 Words and Phrasesbaking soda 小苏打，发酵粉carbon dioxide 二氧化碳TASK 2 A Simple Experiment TASK 2 A Simple Experimenta Listen to things you will need to perform a simple experiment. Write each one next to its picture. Audio Track 1-7-11bottle baking sodafunnel vinegarballoon TASK 2 A Simple Experimentb Listen to the description of the experiment. As you listen, fill in the missing words in the sentences below. Audio Track 1-7-12First, pour some vinegar into the bottle until it is about one- quarter full. Next, use the funnel to pour some baking soda into the balloon. After that, carefully stretch the balloon over the neck of the bottle. Make sure you dont spill any baking soda into the bottle! Next, pick up the heavy part of the balloon so that the baking soda falls into the bottle. TASK 2 A Simple Experimentc Work with a partner. Talk about what you think will happen next. TASK 2 A Simple Experimentd Listen to the description of the end of the experiment. Was your guess correct? Audio Track 1-7-13 7The End Audio Track 1-7-1 1. Today, Im going to talk mostly about industrial robots. 2. These robots do work that is repetitive, dangerous, or boring. 3. The robot learns to do its job with the guidance of a human being. 4. Robotic arms on the assembly line join the parts of a car together. 5. Robots are very precise when repeating a task. 6. Robots do work humans could do, but they do it more efficiently. Audio Track 1-7-2 1. When people think about a robot, they often picture a machine that looks something like a human being. 2. So, just how do robots work? 3. The robots we are going to talk about now are known as “autonomous” robots. Audio Track 1-7-3 1. First, a person must use a handheld computer. 2. So now, the robot will use its sensors to direct its actions. 3. The robot “tells” its moving parts what to do and then it performs the action. 4. Next it decides the weight of the box. 5. It does the same job until it is given a new job. Audio Track 1-7-4 Lecturer: When people think about a robot, they often picture a machine that looks something like a human being. However, thats not always the case! Most robots do not look much like a human being at all. They look like machines, because thats what most of them are industrial machines. Today, Im going to talk mostly about industrial robots used in industry. These are robots that do work that for humans would be physically demanding, repetitive, dangerous, or very boring. Most industrial robots work on an assembly line in a factory. For example, a robot might put lids on jars of fruit or stack boxes for shipping. In a car factory, robotic arms on the assembly line join the parts of the car together. Other robots tighten the bolts on the cars wheels or paint the car. There are thousands of robots putting cars together in auto assembly plants. These robots are very precise when repeating a task. Audio Track 1-7-5 Today Im going to talk mostly about industrial robots. ? These robots do work that would be physically demanding, repetitive, dangerous, or very boring. ? Most industrial robots work on an assembly line in a factory. ? For example, a robot might put lids on jars of fruit or stack boxes for shipping. ? In a car factory, robotic arms on the assembly line join the parts of the car together. ? Other robots tighten the bolts on the cars wheels or paint the car. ? There are thousands of robots putting cars together in auto assembly plants. ? These robots are very precise when repeating a task. ? They always tighten bolts with the same exact amount of force. ? They always move a heavy engine to exactly where it should be. ? They always put a hole in the exact, same place in every car door, hour after hour. ? These are examples of robots doing the work humans could do. ? But the robots are doing the work more efficiently and precisely. ? So, just how do robots work? ? To do its job, a Audio Track 1-7-6 Lecturer: When people think about a robot, they often picture a machine that looks something like a human being. However, thats not always the case! Most robots do not look much like a human being at all. They look like machines, because thats what most of them are industrial machines. Today, Im going to talk mostly about industrial robots used in industry. These are robots that do work that for humans would be physically demanding, repetitive, dangerous, or very boring. Most industrial robots work on an assembly line in a factory. For example, a robot might put lids on jars of fruit or stack boxes for shipping. In a car factory, robotic arms on the assembly line join the parts of the car together. Other robots tighten the bolts on the cars wheels or paint the car. There are thousands of robots putting cars together in auto assembly plants. These robots are very precise when repeating a task. Audio Track 1-7-7 This control system directs the robots mechanical parts. The control system of a robot is, so to speak, the robots “brain.” So how does a robot “learn” which action to do first and which of its moving parts needs to do that action? The robot learns its job with the help and guidance of a human being. To teach an industrial robot to do something, first a person must use a handheld computer. The computer is used to guide the robots “arm and hand” through the motions it needs to do. Then the robot stores the exact movements in its computer memory. The robot has sensors to gather information. So now, the robot will use its sensors to direct its actions. The robot “tells” its moving parts what to do and then it performs the action. For example, to pick up and move a box, the robot first finds the box. Next, it decides the weight of the box. Then it decides how much force is needed to lift and move Audio Track 1-7-8 1. What kind of work do robots often do for people? 2. What do robots put lids on? 3. What does a robot first of all need to do its job? 4. What is the control system of an industrial robot? 5. How does an industrial robot learn to do its job? 6. When moving a box, what must the robot do first? Audio Track 1-7-9 1. How does a robot learn to do its job? 2. Why are industrial robots known as automatic robots? 3. When moving forward, what does ASIMO do when something or someone is in its way? 4. What can ASIMO learn to do with the help of a dance partner? Audio Track 1-7-10 There are several steps you should follow when you do research. The first step is to look at previous research. You should read about other research that people have done and see if it can give you an idea for your own research. Once you have your idea, design your experiment. Then you need to carry out your experiment carefully, making sure to make no mistakes. The next step is to observe what happens. After you have made your observations, put the results on your computer, analyze them, and write your research paper. Finally, you should tell people what you did, what you saw, and what your analysis tells you. Audio Track 1-7-11 For this experiment, you will need an empty glass bottle. Write bottle next to its picture. You will also need some vinegar. Vinegar is a liquid that is often used in cooking. It is an acid that people sometimes combine with an oil to put on salad. Write vinegar V-I-N-E-G-A-R next to its picture. You will also need a funnel for this experiment. A funnel is a tool into which you can pour liquids or small solids, like rice or sugar, when you want to go from one container to another. Write funnel F-U-N-N-E-L next to its picture. You will need some baking soda, too. Baking soda is a white substance that is often used in cooking, especially to make Audio Track 1-7-12 First, pour some vinegar into the bottle until it is about one-quarter full. Next, use the funnel to pour some baking soda into the balloon. After that, carefully stretch the balloon over the neck of the bottle. Make sure you dont spill any baking soda into the bottle! Next, pick up the heavy part of the balloon so that the baking soda falls into the bottle. Audio Track 1-7-13 When the baking soda mixes with the vinegar, a chemical reaction, or change, occurs. The reaction releases a gas, carbon dioxide. This is the same gas that is released when you open a can of carbonated soda. So when the vinegar and baking soda start mixing together, the balloon inflates, that is, it gets bigger as it fills with the carbon dioxide gas.