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Period Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage【 Learning goals】1. Learning a new word: accompany2.Learning new sentence patterns: 独立主格 构；It is + 部分 +that+剩余部分 .3.Learning grammar: Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(II)【 Language focus】 accompanyvt.陪伴，陪同；伴随； 伴奏【教材原句】She was accompanied by an experienced ski instructor and she learnt very quickly. (P25)【例句研 】翻 句子（ 1） Great weather accompanied my great buy._（ 2） Jane was willing to accompany you to the park to go out for a walk._（ 3） If she sang, he would accompany her on the piano._【自主 】翻 下列短 (1)accompany sb. to sp._accompany sb. at/on_be accompanied by_(2)company n U_keep sb. company_句型 -1.【教材原句】I have received letters from so many people ， all expressing their concern (P22)【 法分析】 句中 all expressing their concern 是一个由 “ 主 在分 ”构成的短 ， 叫作独立主格 构，作 句的非限制性定 ，相当于定 从句all of whom expressed their concern ， 充 明先行 people。Everyone being ready ， the teacher began his class.每个人都准 好后，老 开始上 。(相当于一个 状 从句When everyone was ready)The boy leading the way ，we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由于那个男孩 路， 我 毫不 力地找到了那个奇怪的洞。 (相当于一个原因状 从句 Because the boy led the way)独立主格 构的构成： 主 不定式/ 在分 / 去分 /形容 /副 /介 短 。独立主格 构的作用：多作状 ，可表示 、原因、条件、伴随情况等，相当于一个状 从句第 1页或并列句；也可作定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。独立主格结构一般由逗号与主句分开。A house to be built( As a house will be built) ， we must save every cent.由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。Time permitting( If time permits) ，we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。【即时巩固】用独立主格结构完成句子（ 1）由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。_( Because her glasses were broken)， she couldnt see the words on theblackboard.（ 2）地面泥泞，我们应该小心。_( As the ground is muddy) ， we should be careful.（ 3）下课后，我们都出去玩。_( After the class was over) ， we all went out to play.（ 4）她面带微笑地问可以为我们做什么。She asked what she could do for us， _ 句型 -2.【教材原句】It was with great sadness that they learnt of the mans death.(P22)【语法分析】 It was.that. 为强调句型，这里强调了状语 with great sadness。强调句型的一般句式为 It is/was 被强调的成分 that其他成分。 that 只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略，可以强调句子的主语、宾语和状语，也可以强调主语从句，状语从句等。It was in the library that I saw her yesterday. 我昨天是在图书馆见到她的。It was when I returned that she left the meeting room. 就在我回来的时候她离开了会议室。强调句型的一般疑问句形式Was/Is it被强调部分that其他？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词was/is that其他？强调主语、运用到了not only.but also. ； either.or.； neither.nor.； as well as.； rather than.，not.but.等词组时，注意谓语动词的运用。Was it what you said that moved him? 是你说的话感动了他吗？What is it that you want me to say? 你到底想要我说什么？It is I rather than you that am going to see the foreigner. 是我而不是你，打算去见那个外国人。【提示】强调句型有时易与主语从句(带 it 作形式主语的情况)混淆，判断的方法是：如果将句子中的 “it is/was 和 “”that去”掉，句子依然通顺，则是强调句型，否则就不是。It was at 9 oclock that the train arrived. 火车是在9 点钟到达的。(强调句 )第 2页It was 9 oclock whenthe train arrived. 火车到达时，时间为9 点。【即时巩固】翻译句子（ 1）直到午夜他才回家。 (强调时间状语 )_（ 2）汤姆是在公园里丢的那只手表。(强调地点状语 )_（ 3）打破窗户的是谁？ (强调语句 )_Grammar and usage:Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(II)一、非谓语动词作状语1目的状语He went home to see his parents.他回家看望他的父母亲。He came in quietly so as not to wake his wife. 他轻轻进来，以免把他的妻子吵醒。In order to arrive before dark ， we started early.为了在天黑前到达，我们很早就动身了。【提示】(1) 表目的时，不定式可放在句首也可放在句末。但在句首时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开；而在句末时一般不用逗号隔开。(2) 为了强调目的状语，常使用in order to do 和 so as to do 结构。(3)to do ， in order to do的位置既可在句首，又可在句末，而so as to do 只能在句末。2结果状语They went too slowly to catch the early bus. 他们走得太慢了，结果没能赶上早班车。The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year.这里景色非常美，每年都要吸引很多人来。I hurried to the railway station yesterday ， (only)to find that the train had left.昨天我急急忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。【提示】(1) 表示谓语动作的结果，不定式的位置一般在句末。(2) 常用句型 too.to do ；.enough to do；so.as to do；such.as to do；(only)to do( 常表示未曾料到的结果 )3原因状语I am glad to hear the news. 听到这个消息我很高兴。【提示】不定式表示原因时，一般放在句末，常位于表示情绪或情感反应的形容词之后，说明主语产生某种心情、情感的原因。二、分词作状语1时间状语Hearing the good news ，he jumped with great joy. 听到那个好消息，他高兴得跳了起来。Dont speak until asked to. 当被要求发言时，你才能讲话。第 3页【提示】用作时间状语的分词(短语 )可以用 when， while ，until 等引导的时间状语从句替换，有时可和 when， while ， until 等连用。2原因状语Not having finished her work in time， she was fired by the boss. 由于没有及时完成工作，她被老板解雇了。Written in a hurry ， this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。【提示】用作原因状语的分词(短语 )可以用 as， since， because等引导的原因状语从句替换。3伴随或方式状语The girls came in ，following their parents. 那些女孩子跟在她们的父母后面进来了。The teacher entered the classroom， followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群他的学生。【提示】分词 (短语 )作伴随或方式状语时，没有相应的状语从句，一般可转换为并列分句。4结果状语The poor old man died ，leaving nothing to his children. 那个贫困的老人死了，什么也没给他的孩子们留下。【提示】(1) 过去分词不能作结果状语。(2) 作结果状语的现在分词 (短语 )可转为 so that 引导的结果状语从句或者改为并列分句。(3) 现在分词作结果状语表示一种顺其自然的意料之中的结果；而动词不定式作结果状语表示一种出乎意料的结果。5让步状语Working very hard ， he didnt feel a bit tired. 尽管拼命地工作，他却丝毫不感到疲劳。Warned of the storm ，the farmers were still working in the fields.尽管农民们已被告知将有暴风雨，他们仍然在地里干活。【提示】用作让步状语的分词(短语 )可以用 although， though，even if/though 等引导的让步状语从句替换，有时可以和这些连词直接连用。6条件状语Using your head ， youll have a good idea. 动动脑筋，你就会想出好办法来。Given more time ， we could do it much better. 多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。【提示】用作条件状语的分词(短语 )可以用 if ，unless 等引导的条件状语从句替换，有时可以和这些连词直接连用。【图解注记】【 Feedback】1._ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn t want to eat there again.第 4页A.Having eatenB. To eatC. EatD. Eating2. Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A.realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. being realized3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _ a life span of around 20 years.A.havingB. hadC. haveD. to have4. We re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future ofour company.A.to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made5. They might just have a place _ on the writing course why don t you give it a try?A.leaveB. leftC. leavingD. to leave6. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.A.remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. remind7. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.A.laidB. layingC. to layD. being laid8. I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A.lockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. to have locked9. Seeing the road _ with snow and cyclists falling down here and there, we decided to walk to theoffice.A.to blockB. blockingC. blockedD. to be blocked10. Christine, are we leaving right away orBut Joveinsist? on us _ in her house for the night.A.stayingB. to stayC. stayedD. stay11.Young people can accomplish what they want through such simple acts as keeping themselves _and approaching everything with total commitment.A.focusingB. focusedC. having focusedD. to focus12._ the apartment, the firefighters shut off the gas, opened the windows and rescued the old couple.A.To break intoB. To be broken intoC. Having broken intoD. Broken into13. He caught a youth _ a car and also won a Post Office award for fighting off two man trying _ his van.A.to break into; breaking inB. to break into; to break in第 5页B.breaking into; breaking intoD. breaking into to break into14. In many developed countries, the elderly have already outnumbered children. Yes, and China is reported _ through a similar process of population aging, and at faster pace.A.to goB. to be goingC. goingD. to have gone15. As workers and as citizens, we need to be able to think beyond our own self-interest and _what isright under the circumstances( 环境 ).A.doingB. to doC. have doneD. done16. The performance had been intended to please the audience and draw their attention, only _ with a cold silence, however.A.to greetB. greetingC. to be greetedD. being greeting17. The decision _ Internet addiction (网瘾 ) as a mental disorder has caused much debate among people.A.being definedB. to defineC. definedD. to be defined18.All of us have read thrilling stories in which the heroes have only a limited time to live. Such stories setus _, _ what we should do under similar circumstances.A.thinking; wonderingB. to think; wonderingC. thinking to wonderD. to think; towonder19.Carbon dioxide is said _ the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.A.to be heatedB. to be heatingC. to have heatedD. to have been heated20. Have you finished your task now? Not yet. So much time has been wasted _ its details ( 细节 ) aimlessly this morning.A.being assessedB. to assessC. assessedD. assessing21. Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way John could imagine _ stress was to gettougher by making greater efforts.A. handlingB. to handleC. handledD. having handled22. The big fire in Shanghai, believed to _ due to the burning of construction materials, caused 58 deaths and destroyed all the belongings of the people there.A. have been occurringB. occurC. have occurredD. be occurring23. With a _ candle in his hand, he slipped into the room.A. lightB. lightedC. lightingD. lit第 6页24. Although a snowstorm is in store, people are still looking forward _ the plan to go sightseeing in Lhasa.A. to canceling( 取消 )B. not to cancelingC. not to cancelD. to not canceling25. Mary rushed home _she heard the news, only_ that her hubby passed away.A. as soon as; findingB. directly; to findC. moment; to findD. when; found26. He was puzzled by this phenomenon. He began to try every approach _the best way of working it out.A. known to findB. known to finding C. knowing to findD. knowing to be found27. The folks were delighted at the messages of their relatives _ that mine explosion.A. survivedB. having survivedC. to surviveD. surviving28. It is nice to see millions who had nothing but a record of misery and hungry _ to improve their life an living conditions.A. having the chancesB. have the chance C. to have the chanceD. had the chance29.“ _to Michelle and having two beautiful girls in my house, never allows meto look down uponwomen,” said Obama.A. MarryingB. Having marriedC. MarriedD. Being married30.After _ out by a producer to shoot Tokyo Juliet, Chun Wu joined the idol group Fahrenheit（飞轮海） .A. soughtB. seekingC. having been soughtD. being sought31. _scores of times, but Derek still couldn understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation.A. Having explainedB. Having been explainedC. Though it was explainedD.Itwasexplained32. The manager will give the job to _ having capability and responsibility for it.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. no matter whoD. anyone33. _ along with host families, I believe, language travel students are likely to get enough language practice.A. StayB. Having stayedC. StayingD. To stay34. _ from Milan Trenc s novel, the film Night At The Museum brings to life a world where dinosaurswander the earth.第 7页A. AdaptedB. AdaptingC. Having adaptedD. To be adapted35. The international agreement, _ encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February 27.A. intending toB. being intended toC. intended toD. to intend to第 8页
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