高中语法之情态动词Word版

高中语法之情态动词 一、情态动词的定义及特征1、定义 情态动词表示说话人的看法和态度。2、特征：情态动词自身都有一定的词义。情态动词不能在句子中单独作谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。除情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用外，其他情态动词后要接动词原形。主要的九大情态动词有 can could may might must shall should will would ,另外有 need dare ought to be able to 二、情态动词的基本用法 1、can could be able to (1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you. 注：can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式（could），而be able to则有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better. 另外，表示经过努力而成功办到的事，只能用be able to(相当于manage to). The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end. (2)表示“怀疑”、“猜测”, 常用在疑问句和否定句中。如：Can this green bike be Liu Dongs? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如：You can (may) go home now. Could I be forgiven for my wrong behaviors?(4)can和could 还可表示可能性，并且表示委婉语气时，可用could代替can。这时could不再是can的过去式。如：Could you come again tomorrow? Accidents can happen on such rainy days.(5) can 表示疑问、惊讶的语气。How can you be so clever? 2、may和might might 可以看作是may的过去式，might又有自己的独立用法。 (1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，如： May I use this dictionary? - Yes, please. 或 - Certainly. 表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，如： May we swim in this lake? - No, you mustnt. Its too dangerous. (2)may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定，如：They may (might) be in the library now .比较： This cant be done by him. This might not be done by him.(3)may well 和may as well+动词原形may well +动词原形 译为：“理应，完全能” You may well be proud of your son.may as well+动词原形 译为：“最好，不妨”You may as well do it at once.3、must have to (1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must not( mustnt),表示 “不许可”或“禁止”2 / 9之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustnt touch the fire.(2)对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用neednt或用dont (doesnt) have to (不 必)来回答，而不用mustnt，如： Must we finish the work tomorrow? - No, you neednt (dont have to) (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：- Whose new bike can it be? - It must be Liu Dongs. I know his father has just bought him a new one.(4) have to和must都有“必须”的意思，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.4、should ought to的基本用法(l) 二者都有“应当”做某事之意，ought to语气比should强，如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测，与must表示推测时的区别：He must be home by now .(断定他已到家)，He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定)，5、shall的基本用法(1)shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意，如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示，如：Shall I open the door?6、will的基本用法(1)用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.7、would的基本用法(1)would作为will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，如：He promised he would never smoke again. (2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用will的气更加婉转，如：Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中，学用“I would like to”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转，如：I would like to do Ex.2 first. (5)表料想或猜想，如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.9、dare的基本用法(l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，如：Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同，如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.10、need的基本用法(1)need作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：He neednt worry about us now. (2)need也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)neednt后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，如：- Did you answer the letter yesterday? - Yes, I did. - But you neednt have answered it.11、used to, had better, would rather的用法(1)used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在。译为：“过去常常”。在间接引语中，其形式可不变，例如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句：Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句：I usednt to / didnt use to go there. (usednt 也可写作usent)；否定疑问句：Usent you to/ Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句：I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.；其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat. didnt she?/ use(d)nt she? Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to. (2)had better意为“最好”，had better do sth 最好做某事had better have done 当时最好做了某事，而实际未做We had better go now . / Had we better not stop now? (3)would rather意为“宁愿”Would rather do sthWould rather do sth than do sth Would sb did sth 例如：Id rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ - Wouldnt you rather stay here? - No, I would not. Id rather go there.I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. Id rather you didnt talk about this to anyone. (句中的 d rather不是情态动词，would 在此是表愿望的实义动词)12、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法(1) must have done 想必/一定做了He didnt hear the phone. He must have been asleep.(2) Can(could) have done 本可以做而实际未做Can he have gone to his aunts? (她有可能去他姨妈家了吗？)Cant have done 不可能做了某事He cannot have forgotten it. (他不可能了那件事)It could have been seen from here if it had not been so dark. (3) neednt have done 本不必做某事而做了You neednt have told him the news. (4）should(ought to) have done 本应该做而实际未做的事You should have told him the truth.You ought have to helped him.(But you didnt.)(5) shouldnt have done 本不应该做某事而做了 You shouldnt have broken the red light.（6）might have done 本可能发生而没有发生She might have done better than that.(7)was/were to have done本可能将要发生而没有发生He was to have attended a meeting, but he fell ill. 一、情态动词基础练习题B1.Mike be a policeman, for hes much too short. A neednt B cant C should D mayB2.Peter come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A can B may C will D mustB3.Jim, you play with the knife. You hurt yourself. A wont, cant B mustnt, may C shouldnt, must D cant, shouldntD4. I went to the doctors yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he _ see me.A. can B. may C. might D. could D5.Lets take a walk, _?A. will we B. dont we C. do we D. shall weC6.We him the news because he knews it already. A told B would have told C neednt have told D should have toldC7.Im going to attend the conference, but you with me . neednt to go B dont need go C neednt go D neednt goingA 8.The girl _ out alone at night. A. dare not go B. dare not to goC. dares not go D. does not dare goD9. _ you mind my opening the window?Not at all. A. Shall B. Should C. Will D. WouldD10. A computer _ think for itself; it _ be told what to do. A. may not, must B. mustnt, mightC. shouldnt, could D. cant, mustA11.Mr.Li is on time for everything. How it be that he was late for opening ceremony? A can B should C may D mustA12.She study in the peace. If she cant, she wont pass the exam.A has to be able to B would be able to C can be able to D may be able to A13. I have never met him. You him. He lives next door to you.A must have met B should met C must met D have metB14.The teacher told the students that they _ keep silent in class all the time. A. ought to not B. ought not to C. ought not to have D. cantB15._ you succeed ! A. Can B. May C. Must D. WillB16. . We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday. He _ it. A. mustnt attend B. cant have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attendedB17They _ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason. A. can have missed B. may have missedC. can have lost D. may have lost -温馨提示：如不慎侵犯了您的权益，可联系文库删除处理，感谢您的关注！