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专题限时检测(二十七)任务型阅读(二)(限时24分钟)A(2019苏州一模)Public SpeakingPublic speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners.Compared with conversation, usually public speaking is more of a “oneway” talking.There are three types of public speaking.An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to its audience about something that they probably did not know of before.The important thing to watch about is not to put in too much information.Besides, the speaker would try to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of the audience for their own good.The speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on.Third, and the last type is a ceremonial speech.It tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches.No matter how well you know the person you are giving speech about, try not to say bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke.The key of perfecting anything is through practice, including public speaking.Aside from it, a speaker is to know who the audience will be.Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area.Knowing the “battlefield” in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage.They would be able to plan beforehand, for example, where they want to stand, and how they are going to face the audience.Last, as is mentioned above, practice is necessary.Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence and help determine how long the presentation will last.Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech.It needs to be used clearly.A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean by it.Often, when given a speech, the audiences look up to the speaker to give them something new and useful.Thus, the speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audiences expectation.Language and delivery alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language.The movement and gesture of a speaker also affect the audience.For example, if the speaker keeps pacing around the room, it will distract the audience from the topic and confuses them.When speaking in front of a small audience, you can look briefly from one person to another, but in a larger audience, it is not better to do so.While closing the speech or presentation, speakers can restate their main points, just to remind the audience of the important things that has been said.They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.Public SpeakingCommon phenomenonIn public speaking, often a speaker gives a talk, others just listening, without (1)_ information.Types of public speakingAn informative speech is to (2)_ the audience with an appropriate brand new knowledge.A persuasive speech is used to convince audience.Therefore, finding (3)_ between a speaker and the audience is important.A ceremonial speech is relatively (4)_ and private.However, dont say sad things even if they are acquaintances.Making(5)_for the speechKnow the listeners identities and get much information about the topic.Know how the “battlefield” is (6)_ out in advance to plan beforehand.Spare time to practice to build confidence and decide the (7)_ of the presentation.Presenting thespeech(8)_ using ambiguous words and know how to meet the audiences expectations.Use the body language, (9)_ glancing at small audience from one person to another.Restate important points when closing the speech to give the audience a deep (10)_End a speech with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了公共演讲的概念和种类，如何为演讲做准备以及演讲时的注意事项。1exchanging/sharing/swapping根据第一段的第二句“Compared with conversation, usually public speaking is more of a oneway talking.”可知，在公开场合发表演说，大家只需要听，不需要发表任何意见。没有信息的交换。2provide/equip根据第二段第二句“An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to its audience .”可知，信息科普类讲座是为了给听众提供信息和知识。provide sb.with sth.“向某人提供某物”。3similarity/similarities根据第二段第四、五句“Besides .The speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on.”可知，说服类演讲，演说者要找到和观众的共同立场，或者共同的利益点，才可以做出来。4informal/casual根据第二段倒数第二、三句“Third .It tends to be less formal and more personal .”可知，第三种类型的演讲正式程度会少很多，更私人化，也就是更随意些。5preparations第三段讲一个完美的演讲需要练习，也需要了解受众和话题本身等，也就是做准备。Make preparation for .“为做准备”。6laid根据“battlefield”定位到第三段第四句“Knowing the battlefield in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage.”可知，提前了解场地怎样布置可以帮助演说者做更多准备。lay out“陈列，布置”。7length/duration/time本题是第三段最后一句中“. and help determine how longthe presentation will last.”的信息转换，故将long 转化成length。8Avoid根据第四段第二句“It needs to be used clearly.”可知，演讲要正确使用语言，即避免使用含糊不清的词语。Avoid doing .“避免做某事”。注意句首大写。9like根据最后一段倒数第四、五句“The movement and gesture of a speaker also affect the audience.For example，.”可知，看着观众是体态语之一。10impression重复阐述重点的目的是为了让听众留下更深刻的印象。B(2019无锡一模)Time for Americans to act on climate changeThe climate crisis is worsening at a rate that is becoming harder and harder to ignore.For more than two decades, scientific reports have made it clear that global warming is real, that humans cause it and that the consequences will be disastrous.The scientific community has become increasingly panicked over the past year.The latest assessment from the UN.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change painted a far more terrible picture than its previous analyses, and the longawaited National Climate Assessment made clear that climate change represents a severe threat to human health as well as our economic security.Out of this panic came the treaty (条约) reached this past weekend by world leaders to keep the Paris climate agreement alive.Yet many Americans still dont regard the threat as a key priority for our government, and support President Trumps decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty.Campaign contributions from fossil fuel companies have convinced elected officials to look the other way.A certain amount of despair has resulted in widespread apathy (漠然)But there is another reason that has been discussed far less openly.While a growing number of people understand that climate change will have significant worldwide consequences, many Americans have an intuitive (直觉的) belief that their nation is more capable than others of adapting to a changed environment.Why? Because they have before.This historical success, however, resulted from the federal government taking science seriously, and making investments to urge revolution and innovation.But these innovations did not happen by themselves, or simply because of the United States rich resources.They depended on consistent support from the leaders about the need to take action when faced with crises.This has been especially true in the environmental crisis.President Bill Clinton had a shockingly modest record of advancing climate security, particularly given that his vice president, Al Gore, had been one of the most outspoken environmentalists in Congress.By far Clintons biggest accomplishment was assigning Gore to participate in the Kyoto Protocol negotiations.Clinton chose, however, to avoid what surely would have been a terrible fight in the Senate to gain approval of the treaty.While this effort probably would have failed, it would have signaled to the American people how seriously the Democratic Party took climate change.Thus, the time has clearly arrived for progressive candidates to start campaigning on a platform built around the need for a sustainability revolution.Such a plan should include a carbon tax, wellfunded clean energy research, evolved agricultural policies and smarter public transport.Given that Generation X and millennials(千禧一代) never bought into the fiction that the United States is immune to the dangers of global warming, the time is ripe to make climate security a crucial government responsibility.Only by doing so can we begin the longoverdue (拖延好久的) campaign to save the planet.Title：Time for Americans to act on climate changeIntroductionMore and more people have become (1)_ of the severity of climate crisis.It is human beings that are to (2)_ for the real global warming and should (3)_ for what they have done.WorldwideeffortsGiven that human health as well as our economic security is (4)_ a severe threat caused by climate change, Paris Climate Treaty has been reached by world leaders.Current Americans responsesA negative attitudeUnable to grasp the seriousness of the threat, many Americans are in (5)_ of President Trumps decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty.(6)_ For responses Elected officials turn a deaf ear to the threat on account of their (7)_ relationship with fossil fuel companies.A certain amount of despair has resulted in widespread apathy.Many Americans are wildly (8)_ about their ability to a changed environment.EarlierAmericans responses A(n) (9)_ attitudeWisely assigning his vice president to participate in the Kyoto Protocol negotiations, President Bill Clinton took climate change seriously.Inspiration form responses The Democratic Party used to take adequate notice of the potential crisis of the climate change.(10)_ It is high time for Americans to begin the longoverdue campaign to save the planet.语篇解读：虽然全球气候变暖的问题正在变得越来越严重，但是现在美国人却忽视这个问题。作者比较了美国人以前对待气候变暖的态度和现在的态度，并分析了产生这些变化的原因，最后呼吁美国人要行动起来保护地球。1aware/conscious第一段第一句，气候问题太过严重难以忽视，也就是引起了人们的注意。be/become aware/conscious of .“意识到”。2blame根据第一段第二句“. that human cause it . the consequences will be disastrous.”可知，气候问题是人类导致的，人类应该对这个问题负责。be to blame for“应对负责”。3answer同上一题。answer for意思和be to blame for差不多。4under根据第二段第二句中“.climate change represents a severe threat to human health as well as our economic security.”可知，气候问题已经成为人类健康和经济安全的威胁。under a severe threat“受到严重威胁”，固定搭配。5favo(u)r根据第三段第一句“.and support President Trumps decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty.”可知，一些美国人没有认识到气候问题的严峻性，仍然支持特朗普总统撤离巴黎条约的决定。in favo(u)r of是support的同义转换。6Reasons根据表格后面对应的内容可以看出此处是罗列了美国人对待这个问题消极的态度的原因。reasons for .“的原因”，习惯用法。7interest根据第三段第二句“Campaign contributions from fossil fuel companies have convinced elected officials to look the other way.”可知，石油公司对已竞选活动的捐款使得被选拔的官员对环境问题的看法和以往不一样了。所以当选官员对这一威胁充耳不闻，因为他们与化石燃料公司的利益关系。8sure/certain/optimistic根据第四段第二句“.have an intuitive (直觉的) belief that their nation is more capable than others of adapting to a changed environment.”可知，美国人本能地相信他们比别的国家能够更好地适应变化的环境。9positive从该题右栏内容可知，以往的美国人对气候问题的态度是积极的。10Conclusion作者最后得出了结论，美国人不能再拖延拯救地球环境的行动了。7
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