资源描述
专题限时检测(二十五)阅读理解D篇专练(三)(共2篇，限时20分钟)A(2019南通七市二模)UN scholars have calculated that within the next 10 years the degradation (退化) of farm and grassland could turn 50 million people into migrants.Another UN agency calculated that in the last 25 years, another 3% of the planets forests had been burned or cut down.Once you have read Gaia Vinces book, you start to register the scale of change in a fast changing world.Adventures in the Anthropocene holds a mirror up to humanity and says: look what you have done to the world, the only world you will ever have.The Anthropocene the Age of Man is a proposed new name for the quaternary (第四纪) period that we now live in, and it includes what has come to be called the Great Acceleration, in which during the last 65 years, whatever humans did, they did it faster and more effectively, and on a greater scale, while_at_the_same_time_reproducing_more_and_dying_much_less.Did it take 50,000 years to reach a population of one billion? Just in the last 10 years, another billion people appeared on the planet, and by the end of this century, it could be home to 9, or 10, or 11 billion souls, each of which will hope for the minimum to sustain health and contentment.Many of them will demand a lot more, which is where the problems begin.To build cities, pave highways and establish factories, humans decades ago became the greatest earth moving force on the planet: they each year shift more rock and soil than the wind and the rain, the rivers and the glaciers (冰川) combined.Cities now cover 2% of the planets land: by 2030, this will be 10%.Over the next 80 years, the species will build a city for one million people every 10 days.To keep these cities functioning, humans will consume 18 terawatts of energy and by 2020, around 5 billion of them will have smartphones, and Internet access, and already people who are miserably poor can see, at a fingers touch, what they are missing, and want it for themselves, and in the course of trying to get it, consume more resources and cause destruction to the ecosystem.Anyone who reads this book will have no excuse for not thinking about it.Vince doesnt just collect the statistics of exploitation and destruction, she goes to see for herself what they mean.Like a good reporter, she tries to see both sides: she explores both the human destruction and the beneficial and sometimes amazing solutions that human wisdom can deliver.She does the legwork too: she climbs up steep mountainsides in Nepal, and in Ladakh, looks at hydroelectric plans in Patagonia, walks through the forest to get closer to a tiger, steps out in the slums near Cartagena in Colombia, and slips down an Amazon tributary in a dugout.Everywhere in the world, the ice is disappearing, but in Ladakh, an engineer has worked out a way to make artificial glaciers to store the water for summer growth, and in doing so has given the villagers not just security but a new kind of hope.In every chapter, there are excellent stories like this, glimpses (一瞥) of the other world that perhaps we could have made for ourselves.Necessarily, to get around a topic that involves all human history and all geography too, she has to be brief, and so in every chapter, she leaves you wanting more.This is usually considered to be a good thing.Good or not, it is difficult to see.And if she helps readers understand a little better the loss and suffering lies behind the exploitation of the rare earths, then it becomes in every sense a good book.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了Gaia Vince的一本名叫Adventures in the Anthropocene的书。1The statistics in the first paragraph are meant to_.Arid people of their concerns about the earthBstress the gravity of the destruction of the earthCclarify peoples misunderstandings of the earthDwarn people of the contradictory reports about the earth解析：选B推理判断题。根据关键词“the degradation(退化) of farm and grassland”和“planets forests had been burned or cut down”可知目前地球在遭受着极大的破坏。因此作者写该段旨在强调地球被破坏的严重性。gravity意思是“严重性”。2The underlined part in Paragraph 3 most probably means_.Amore trees were planted and fewer of them diedBpeople produced much more than they consumedCthe birth rate was higher and the death rate was lowerDmore animals were raised and the survival rate was higher解析：选C句意理解题。根据这句话前面的句子的内容可知在过去的65年中人类处于一个加速度的时代，无论哪个方面人类都比以往发展的速度更快，效率更高，规模更大，同时人口繁殖更多，死亡更少。3According to the author, the construction of cities and infrastructures will _.Acreate more job opportunities for citizensBnarrow the gap between the rich and the poorCpromote globalization and economic developmentDcause overconsumption and ecological destruction解析：选D推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知为了维持这些城市的运转，人类将消耗很多的能源。借助于网络和智能手机贫困地区的人只要用手指一触，就可以看到他们所缺的东西，并且在努力获得这些东西的过程中，消耗更多的资源。原文中 “ . consume more resources and cause destruction to the ecosystem”对应答案中的“overconsumption”和“ecological destruction”。 4Why does the book set people thinking?AVinces own exploration made her description persuasive.BVinces adventures provide information about mysteries.CThe book contains some practical solutions from reporters.DThe book arouses peoples curiosity about some countries.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第六段的第一、二句“Anyone who reads this book will have no excuse for not thinking about it. Vince doesnt just collect the statistics of exploitation and destruction, she goes to see for herself what they mean.”，任何读过这本书的人都没有理由不去想它。文斯不仅收集开采和破坏的统计数据，她还亲自去看看它们的含义。由此可见她的亲力亲为让她的书使人信服。5Gaia Vince writes the book to _.Ajustify the need of humans for a satisfying lifeBadvocate uncivilised life and fast developmentCshare with the readers her adventures across the worldDreveal all we have destroyed but may yet be able to save解析：选D推理判断题。根据第六段第三句“Like a good reporter, she tries to see both sides: she explores both the human destruction and the beneficial and sometimes amazing solutions that human wisdom can deliver.” 像一位优秀的记者一样，她试图看到两个方面：她探索人类的毁灭，以及人类智慧所能提供的有益的、有时甚至是惊人的解决方案。6What is the authors attitude toward Gaia Vinces work?ACautious.BAmbiguous.CCasual. DAppreciative.解析：选D推理判断题。根据全文的内容，尤其是第六段的第一句“Anyone who reads this book will have no excuse for not thinking about it.”以及最后一段的最后一句“And if she helps readers understand a little better the loss and suffering lies behind the exploitation of the rare earths, then it becomes in every sense a good book.”可知作者认为这本书引人深思，是一本好书。所以作者是很欣赏这本书的。appreciative“欣赏的”。B(2019南京三模)British children used to play conkers (板栗游戏) in the autumn when the horsechestnut trees started to drop their shiny brown nuts.They would select a suitable chestnut, drill a hole in it and thread it onto a string, then swing their conker at that of an opponent until one of them broke.But the game has fallen out of favour.Children spend less time outdoors and rarely have access to chestnut trees.Besides, many schools have banned conkers games, worried that they might cause injuries or nut allergies.That sort of riskaverseness (规避风险) now spreads through every aspect of childhood.Playgrounds have all the excitement designed out of them to make them safe.Many governments, particularly in societies such as America, have tightened up their rules, requiring parents to supervise(监管) young children far more closely than in the past.Frank Furedi of the University of Kent, a critic on modern parenting, argues that allowing children to play unsupervised or leaving them at home alone is increasingly described as a symptom of irresponsible parenting.In part, such increased caution is a response to the huge wave of changes.Largescale urbanization, smaller and more mobile families, the move of women into the labor market and the digitization of many aspects of life have unavoidably changed the way that people bring up their children.There is little chance that any of these trends will be changed, so todays more intensive (精细化的) parenting style is likely to go on.Such parenting practices now embraced by wealthy parents in many parts of the rich world, particularly in America, go far beyond an adjustment to changes in external conditions.They mean a strong bid to ensure that the advantages enjoyed by the parents generation are passed on to their children.Since success in life now turns mainly on education, such parents will do their best to provide their children with the schooling, the character training and the social skills that will secure access to the best universities and later the most attractive jobs.To some extent that has always been the case.But there are more such parents now, and they_are_competing_with_each_other_for_what_economists_call_positional_goods.This competition starts even before the children are born.The wealthy classes will take their time to select a suitable spouse and get married, and will start a family only when they feel ready for it.Children from less advantaged backgrounds, by contrast, often appear before their parents are ready for them.In America 60% of births to single women under 30 are unplanned, and over 40% of children are born outside marriage.The result, certainly in America, has been to widen already massive social inequalities yet further.All the evidence suggests that children from poorer backgrounds are at a disadvantage almost as soon as they are born.By the age of five or six they are far less “schoolready” than their better off peers, so any attempts to help them catch up have to start long before they get to school.America has had some success with various schemes involving regular home visits by nurses or social workers to lowincome families with new babies.It also has long experience with programmes for young children from poor families that combine support for parents with good quality child care.Such programmes do seem to make a difference.Without extra effort, children from lowincome families in most countries are much less likely than their betteroff peers to attend preschool education, even though they are more likely to benefit from it.And data from the OECDs PISA programme suggest that children need at least two years of preschool education to perform at their best when they are 15.So the most promising way to ensure greater equality may be to make earlyyears education and care far more widely available and more affordable, as it is in the Nordics.Some governments are already rethinking their educational priorities, shifting some of their spending to the early years.Most rich countries decided more than a century ago that free, compulsory education for all children was a worthwhile investment for society.There is now an argument for starting preschool education earlier, as some countries have already done.In the face of crushing new inequalities, a modern version of that approach is worth trying.语篇解读：富裕的家庭想尽办法让孩子受到较好的早期教育和关怀，让孩子赢在起跑线上。但是那些贫苦家庭的孩子却无法享受到这些。这种教育不平等应该得到社会各界的重视。7What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?AMore attention is placed on childrens safety.BMore and more parents are becoming irresponsible.CChildren are no longer interested in outdoor activities.DParents are advised to spend more time with their children.解析：选A细节理解题。第一段主要讲述了现在许多学校都禁止孩子们玩一些以前孩子经常玩的游戏，因为怕孩子意外受伤，然后第二段说这种对风险的厌恶现在蔓延到了孩子的各个方面。由此可见现在越来越重视孩子的安全。8Which of the following about intensive parenting style is TRUE?AChances are that this style could be changed.BFinancial pressure forces parents to be stricter.CRich families adopt such style to keep their advantages.DSuch style is largely influenced by the size of the family.解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话“Such parenting practices now embraced by wealthy parents. ”以及第二句“ .to ensure that the advantages enjoyed by the parents generation are passed on to their children.”可知富裕家庭采取这种更加精细的育儿方式来保持自己的优势。9What does the underlined sentence imply?AEconomists offer practical advice to guide parenting.BA happy marriage secures childrens social positions.CUnfair division of social resources drives parents mad.DParents are struggling for their childrens edge over peers.解析：选D句意理解题。根据其上一句“But there are more such parents now”可知现在这样的父母越来越多了，所以父母之间必须为经济学家所称的“位置商品”而相互竞争，努力争取让自己的孩子们比同龄人更具优势。10Which is the proper measure to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor?AParents are persuaded to give birth to babies in their later years.BFunds are provided for poor children after they are admitted to school.CNew babies in lowincome families are sent to nurses or social workers.DChildren from lowincome families are ensured to receive early education.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“So the most promising way to ensure greater equality may be to make earlyyears education and care far more widely available and more affordable.”可知确保更大的平等的，最有希望的方法可能是让更多的父母能够有机会，有财力让他们的孩子接受早期教育。11Whats the authors attitude towards investment in preschool education?ASupportive. BDisapproving.CSkeptical. DUnconcerned.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是最后一句“In the face of crushing new inequalities, a modern version of that approach is worth trying.”可知作者认为在现阶段这种方法值得尝试，因此作者对待早期教育的态度是支持的。Supportive“支持的”，符合语境。Disapproving“不赞成的”；Skeptical“怀疑的”；Unconcerned“漠不关心的”。12The author begins the passage with the game of conkers to _.Ashow competition overweighs cooperationBimply educational inequalities should be brokenCmake readers aware of the rules of the gameDindicate the game has lost its appeal to children解析：选B推理判断题。文章一开始用板栗游戏被禁止玩的例子是说明现在越来越多的家长和学校非常重视孩子的安全，而这种做法实际上是反映了现在家长的精细化育儿理念。富裕的家庭想尽办法让孩子受到较好的早期教育和关怀，让孩子赢在起跑线上。但是那些贫苦家庭的孩子却无法享受到这些。所以举这个例子是为了表明应该打破教育不平等。7
展开阅读全文