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Unit4earthquakewellpipeburstmillioneventnationn.地震地震n.井井n.管；导管管；导管vi.爆裂；爆发爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发突然破裂；爆发n.百万百万n.事件；大事事件；大事n.民族；国家；国民民族；国家；国民Wordspreviewcanalsteamdirtruinsufferingextremeinjure n.运河运河;水道水道n.蒸汽；水汽蒸汽；水汽n.污垢；泥土污垢；泥土n.废墟；毁灭废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产毁灭；使破产n.苦难；痛苦苦难；痛苦adj.极度的极度的vt.损害；伤害损害；伤害Wordspreviewdestroybrickdamtrackuselessshockrescuevt.破坏；毁坏；消灭破坏；毁坏；消灭n.砖；砖块砖；砖块n.水坝；堰堤水坝；堰堤n.轨道；足迹；痕迹轨道；足迹；痕迹adj.无用的；无效的无用的；无效的vt.&vi.(使使)震惊；震动震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊休克；打击；震惊n.&vt.援救；营救援救；营救Wordspreviewtrapelectricitydisasterburymineminersheltervt.使陷入困境使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境陷阱；困境n.电；电流；电学电；电流；电学n.灾难；灾祸灾难；灾祸vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏埋葬；掩埋；隐藏n.矿；矿山；矿井矿；矿山；矿井n.矿工矿工n.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处Wordspreviewrightawayasifatanendinruinsdigout立刻；马上立刻；马上仿佛；好象仿佛；好象结束；终结结束；终结严重受损；破败不堪严重受损；破败不堪掘出掘出Expressionspreview1Imagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway.Youhavetinetotakeonlyonething.Whatwilyoutake?Why?Whatstrangethingsdoyouthinkmayhappenbeforeanearthquake?wellwallmicepondwellbrickcanaldamAnimalsaretoonervous,suchascows,pigs,horses,andsnakes,etc.WhatstrangeeventshappenedbeforetheearthquakeinTangShan?InthewellInthefarmyardIntheskyInthecitywellwater,cracks,smellygaschickens,pigs,mice,fishbrightlight,thesoundofplaneswaterpipesnervoustoeat,runout,jumpcrackedandburstroseandfell,cameoutof地震，特别是强烈地震之前，总会地震，特别是强烈地震之前，总会出现一些异常现象，人们把与地震出现一些异常现象，人们把与地震发生有密切联系的异常现象称之为发生有密切联系的异常现象称之为地震的前兆。地震的前兆。下面这首民谣是群众在长期预测下面这首民谣是群众在长期预测地震中的总结，细读一下，对观察地地震中的总结，细读一下，对观察地震是有极大好处的。震是有极大好处的。震前动物有预兆，群测群防很重要。震前动物有预兆，群测群防很重要。牛羊骡马不进圈，猪不吃食狗乱咬。牛羊骡马不进圈，猪不吃食狗乱咬。鸭不下水岸上闹，鸡乱上树高声叫。鸭不下水岸上闹，鸡乱上树高声叫。冰天雪地蛇出洞，大猫携着小猫跑。冰天雪地蛇出洞，大猫携着小猫跑。兔子竖耳蹦又撞，鱼跃水面惶惶跳。兔子竖耳蹦又撞，鱼跃水面惶惶跳。蜜峰群迁闹轰轰，鸽子惊飞不回巢。蜜峰群迁闹轰轰，鸽子惊飞不回巢。家家户户都观察，综合异常作预报。家家户户都观察，综合异常作预报。-Thereisoftenagreatsound.-Animalstoonervoustoeat.-Therearebrightlightsinthesky.-Asmellygasmaycomeoutofthewell.-Waterpipesmaycrackorburst.strangethingsbeforeanearthquakeImaginetherehasbeenabigearthquake,whatwillhappentothethingsaroundus?cracks,cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals,falldown,lieinruins,destroy,damage,loss震前应做哪些准备？地震来临，震前应做哪些准备？地震来临，在民房中、在公共场所怎么避震？在民房中、在公共场所怎么避震？专家提出，学习必要的防震知识，专家提出，学习必要的防震知识，提高防震意识，做好防震准备，提高防震意识，做好防震准备，对更好地保护身处险境的自己大对更好地保护身处险境的自己大有好处。有好处。地震来临地震来临,我们如何保护自己呢我们如何保护自己呢?地震前应做好防震准备，如清地震前应做好防震准备，如清理杂物，保持门口、楼道畅通；固理杂物，保持门口、楼道畅通；固定高大家具，将重物下置，防止倾定高大家具，将重物下置，防止倾倒伤人；准备电筒、创可贴、水等倒伤人；准备电筒、创可贴、水等物品，做成家庭防震包；腾空牢固物品，做成家庭防震包；腾空牢固家具的下方，以备藏身。家具的下方，以备藏身。地震来临时，最重要的是要保持地震来临时，最重要的是要保持冷静，并灵活选择藏身之所：震时应冷静，并灵活选择藏身之所：震时应就近躲避，震后迅速撤离到安全地方；就近躲避，震后迅速撤离到安全地方；室内避震时应选择易于形成三角空间室内避震时应选择易于形成三角空间的地方避震，如内墙墙根、墙角等，的地方避震，如内墙墙根、墙角等，或躲避到厨房、厕所、储藏室等开间或躲避到厨房、厕所、储藏室等开间小的地方。震时切记不要跳楼、不要小的地方。震时切记不要跳楼、不要站到阳台上和窗边。站到阳台上和窗边。学生在教室上课时遇到地震，学生在教室上课时遇到地震，老师应疏导学生迅速抱头躲在课桌老师应疏导学生迅速抱头躲在课桌旁，待地震过后迅速撤离；在操场的旁，待地震过后迅速撤离；在操场的学生可原地蹲下，注意避开附近高学生可原地蹲下，注意避开附近高大建筑物或危险物，不要回到教室中。大建筑物或危险物，不要回到教室中。在商场、影剧院等公共场所遇到在商场、影剧院等公共场所遇到地震时，应尽快找到结实的柜台、低地震时，应尽快找到结实的柜台、低矮家具或柱子边、内墙角等处就地蹲矮家具或柱子边、内墙角等处就地蹲下，同时注意预防高空落物伤人。下，同时注意预防高空落物伤人。在户外遇到地震时，应就地选择开在户外遇到地震时，应就地选择开阔地蹲下，并注意避开变压器、电线阔地蹲下，并注意避开变压器、电线杆、广告牌、高烟囱、水塔、过街桥、杆、广告牌、高烟囱、水塔、过街桥、立交桥等构筑物。立交桥等构筑物。Talkaboutthegreatearthquakesthathaveeverhappenedintheworld?Whatdamagestheycaused?Naturaldisastersoccurthroughouttheworld,andChinahasaparticularproblemwithearthquakes.Tangshanearthquakein1976isacaseinpoint.Anearthquakemeasuring8RichterhitsWenchuanCountyofChinasSichuanProvinceonMay12thisyear.Soitisespeciallyimportanttotakestepstoreducethedamagecausedbyquakes.Seismology:thestudyofQuakerecordingsSeismologist:thepersonwhostudiesquakes.Seismometer:themachinetorecordseismicwaves.ZhangHenginHanDynasty:theinventorofthe1stseismology1.WhyisthetitlecalledANightthe2.EarthDidntSleep?2.Whenandwheredidtheearthquakehappen?Readthetextsilentlyandquicklyandtrytogettheinformationaboutthefollowingquestions.AthearmycametohelpthemBthequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleepingCtheywerenervousDdamesandwellswereuselessEtheydidntknowthequakecausedthestrangethings1Thechickensdidnteatbecause2Beforetheearthquakethepeopledidntworrybecause3Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecause4Waterwasneededbecause5ThepeopledidnotlosehopebecauseReadthetextaloudandjointhecorrectpartsofthesentences.Readthepassageagainandmakeatimeline.TimeEventthree days beforetheearthquakeat3:42amLaterthatafternoonafterthat TimeEventthreedaysbeforetheearthquakesaw:crackswaterinthewellsroseandfell,animalstoonervous;hidefishjumpedoutofbowls&ponds;bright light in thesky;water pipes cracked andburstheard:soundofplanessmelt:smellygasinthecracksofthewellsTimeEventat3:42amLaterthatafternoonfelt:everythingshookone-thirdnationfeltitheard:in Beijing 100 km.awaysaw:ahugecrackcutacrosshouses,roadssteamburstfrom holes in the groundhardhillsofrock-riversofdirtcitylayinruinsTime Eventafterthathopenotlostarmysent150,000soldiersworkersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorsfresh water taken to thecityStrangethingshappenedbeforetheearthquake.MainideaofthetextTheearthquakedestroyedthecityofTangshan.Thearmycametohelpthesurvivors.ParagraphParagraph2&3Paragraph4Part1Part2Part3togetthemainidea,youshouldpayspecialattentiontothebeginningandendingsentencesineachparagraph1Supposetheearthbeginstoshakewhatwillyoudotoprotectyourself?DiscussthefollowingopenquestioningroupoffourIf at school:Hideunderadeskortable.Faceawayfromwindows.If at home:Hideunderaheavytableorbed.Sitinacorner,awayfromdoors,windows,ect.Lifeisbeautiful.Wemustloveourlives.InanearthquakeSPEEDISLIFE.Letspractisehiding.Fillingtheblackswiththefirstgivenletter:SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28,1976,manys_thingshappenedinTangshan.Theyweresignsforthee_.ButpeopleinthecityofTangshandidntthinkm_ofthese.At3:42amthatday,theearthbegantos_,whichd_thecity.trangearthquakeuchhakeestroyedManypeople,includingworkersanddoctors,cametor_thoset_undertheruins.Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigearthquakestruckTangshan.Morepeoplewerekilledorinjuredandmorebuildingsf_down.Soldierswerecalledintohelptherescueworkers.T_wereorganizedtodigoutthetrappedandb_thedead.escuerappedelleamsuryadv.好好;令人满意地令人满意地Shesingswell.她歌唱得很好。她歌唱得很好。n.井井;水井水井Theoldwellinthevillagehadawallaroundit.村里的古井有井栏围绕。村里的古井有井栏围绕。1wellTheballoonsuddenlyburst.burst into +n.Somerobbersburstintothathouse.burst out+doingTheyburstoutlaughing.2burst:tocomeopenorflyapartsuddenly爆裂爆裂;爆发爆发Burst&Crackburstv.(使使)破裂破裂;(使）爆炸使）爆炸crackv.(使使)裂开裂开n.裂缝裂缝1.Thewindowswascrackedbutnotbroken.窗玻璃裂了但没有碎。窗玻璃裂了但没有碎。2.Theballoonburst.气球吹炸了。气球吹炸了。burstburstThewarwasatanend.attheendof在在尽头，在尽头，在末末Gostraightandyoullfindthehospitalattheendoftheroad.bytheendof直直到到末末,到到结结束束的的时候，主句一般用完成时时候，主句一般用完成时intheend最后、终于最后、终于3atanend(=finished)结束结束;终结终结1.Hisfatherwillreturnhome_thisyear.2.Hetriedvariousjobsand_becameateacher.3.HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearned_lastterm?4.Imustwarnyouthatmypatienceisalmost_.attheendofintheendbytheendofatanendAnearthquakeleftthewholetowninruins.Hiscareerisinruins.inruins:severelydamagedordestroyed毁坏毁坏;严重受损严重受损;破败不堪破败不堪4ruinn.毁灭毁灭;崩溃崩溃;覆灭覆灭Thecastlehasfallenintoruins.5injurev.tohurtoneself/sb/sthphysicallyHefelloffthebicycleandinjuredhisarm.Shewasseriousinjuredinaroadaccident.6destroy v.Thefiredestroyedmostofthebuilding.honour(honor.Am)n.荣誉荣誉honourableadj.荣誉的荣誉的;光荣的光荣的anhonourableduty荣誉的职位荣誉的职位destroyer破坏者破坏者,消灭者消灭者,驱逐舰队驱逐舰队damagedestroyruindamagevt.toharmorspoilsth.指部分指部分“损坏损坏”、“损害损害”、“破坏破坏”或指使用或指使用价值有所降低。价值有所降低。Compare:Manybuildingswerebadlydamagedduringthewar.n.Uharmorinjury+tosth.1Strongwindshadcausedseriousdamagetotheroof.2Thedoctorswereworriedthathemighthavesufferedbraindamage.1Mostoftheoldpartofthecitywasdestroyedbybombsduringthewar.2Theaccidentseemedtohavecompletely/totallydestroyedhisconfidence.destroyvt.todamagesth.sobadlythatitdoesnotexistorcannotbeused彻底破坏彻底破坏,摧毁以致不可能修复摧毁以致不可能修复,也可指希望、计划等破灭。也可指希望、计划等破灭。ruin表示破坏严重表示破坏严重,以致不能修复以致不能修复,但这但这种破坏不像种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物那样毁灭某物,而是而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作名词时用作名词时,它表示它表示“毁灭毁灭”、“瓦解瓦解”、“废墟废墟”等抽象概念。等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用也有借喻的用法。法。ruinvt.1tospoilordestroyseverelyorcompletely使毁灭使毁灭;使崩溃使崩溃;弄糟弄糟aHugemodernhotelshaveruinedthisonceunspoiltcoastline.bHerinjuryruinedherchancesofwinningtherace.2tocauseapersonorcompanytolosealltheirmoneyortheirreputation使破产使破产;毁灭毁灭aCheapimportedgoodsareruiningmanybusinesses.bIftheresascandalIllberuined!1Uwhensth.isspoiltordestroyed毁坏；毁坏；毁灭毁灭Thecompanyisfacingruin.2Cthebrokenpartsthatareleftfromanoldbuildingortown废墟废墟WevisitedaRomanruin.theruinsoftheancientcityofCarthageruinn.harm的的含含义义侧侧重重于于“损损害害，伤伤害害”，可可指精神或肉体的伤害，程度较轻指精神或肉体的伤害，程度较轻Dontharmyoureyesbyreadingindimlight.injure指指“损损害害，受受伤伤”，着着重重容容貌貌、机机能能的的损损坏坏，例例如如：Shewasinjuredbadlyintheaccident.事故中她受了伤。事故中她受了伤。词义辨析 harm,injure,hurt,woundhurt指指“伤伤害害；刺刺痛痛”，尤尤指指在在精精神神或或肉体上的伤害，含有强烈的疼痛肉体上的伤害，含有强烈的疼痛Nofeelingswerehurtthoughthecriticismwassharp.批评虽然尖锐，却批评虽然尖锐，却未伤感情。未伤感情。wound指外伤，如枪伤指外伤，如枪伤,刀伤刀伤,剑伤剑伤,尤尤指在战斗中受伤。指在战斗中受伤。Theircriticisms_himdeeply.Smokingwill_hishealth.Hewasslightly_inthecaraccident.Hegot_inthefighting.Whatyousaid_myfeeling.havehurtinjuredinjuredwoundedhurt7rescue(n.)anactofrescuingorbeingrescued搭救搭救;解救解救Arescueteamistryingtoreachthetrappedmines.Theycametoourrescuewhenwewereindanger.(v.)tosaveorsetfreefromharm,danger,orloss救出救出;解救解救Herescuedthemanfromdrowning.8sheltern.庇护所庇护所;避难所避难所;遮蔽物遮蔽物ashelterforthehomelessInthestormItookshelterunderatree.v.庇护庇护;掩蔽掩蔽;保护保护Theplantsmustbeshelteredfromdirectsunlight.9buryvt.埋葬埋葬;葬葬Theboyburiedthedeadbirdinthebackyard.男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。vt.使沉浸（或专心于）使沉浸（或专心于）beburiedinthought出神深思出神深思buryoneselfinstudy埋头研埋头研究究Ssubject主主 语语Ppredicate谓谓 语语Oobject宾宾 语语Attattribute定定 语语Advadverbial状状 语语Comcomplement补补 语语Prepredicative表表 语语Cclause从从 句句Shortforms缩略语缩略语Difficultsentences analysisButtheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.但是城里的百万群众，没有理会这些事件，但是城里的百万群众，没有理会这些事件，那天夜里还和以往一样，安然入睡了那天夜里还和以往一样，安然入睡了。S.P.Pre.Adv.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who，whom，whose等，等，在在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语及定语。定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有关系副词有when，where等，在定语等，在定语从从句中做状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语句中做状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。从句中一般不能省。1.Talkaboutabigearthquakethathappenedintheworldwithyourpartner.2.Listoutthemeasuresthatpeoplecantakewhenanearthquakehappens.Homework
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