英语分词的用法

英语分词的用法 英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词;及物动词的现在分词表示正在进行和主动意义,过去分词表示已经完成和被动意义;现将常用的英语分词的用法归纳如下:1.作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词,并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系;1 前置定语 单个分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰名词之前,作前置定语;例如：What exciting news it is 这是多么令人振奋人心的消息 There were a lot of excited people at the concert演奏会上,很多人兴奋不已;2 后置定语 a、少数单个分词尤其是过去分词为多作定语时,也可作后置定语;例如：Make sentences with the words given 用所给的词造句;The goods ordered will be delivered soon.The money left is far from enough.Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned.b、单个分词作不定代词的定语时,要放在被修饰代词之后,作后置定语;例如：Is there anything unsolved 还有没解决的问题吗 There is something missing 有东西丢失了;c、分词短语作定语时,要放在被修饰名词之后,作后置定语;这时的分词短语相当于一个定语从句;例如：Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree =Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree 你认识坐在树下的那个老太太吗 There comes a girl dressed in red=There comes a girl who is dressed in red 一个穿红衣服的女孩走过来了;2.作表语 分词作表语,相当于形容词;现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征,含有“令 人的”意思;过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态,含有“感到的”意思;例如：The match was very disappointing 这场比赛令人失望;They were very disappointed 他们都非常失望;3.作补语 1 作宾语补语 a、分词作宾语补足语,宾语和现在分词主动意义有逻辑上的主谓关系,宾语和过去分词 被动意义有逻辑上的动宾关系;分词通常用在 see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find 等感官动词或 have,get,make 等使役动 词的宾语之后,补充说明宾语的动作或状态;例如：I found the man beating his dog there=I found that the man was beating his dog there 我发现那个人在那儿打狗;I found the man beaten black and blue=I found that the man was beaten black and blue 我发现那个人被打得浑身青一块紫一块儿的;过去分词在动词 have,get 之后作宾语补足语时,常常表示这动作不是由主语完成的,而是由 别人完成的;例如：I want to have my shoes repaired=My shoes are repaired by somebody 我想修鞋;b、现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语在意义上有所不同;现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作正 在进行,即动作处在发生过程中,还没有结束；而不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的全过程,即动作已结束了;例如：I saw him going out我看见他正在往外走;正在发生 I saw him go out我看见他出去了;全过程 Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗正在发生 Yes,I heard him knock three times是的,我听见他敲了三下;全过程 2 作主语补足语 带有分词作宾语补足语的句子如果改为被动语态时,分词不变,但这时分词就不再作宾补足语,而是作主语补足语;例如：A man was seen sitting under the tree 看见有个人坐在那棵树下;The door was found opened.发现门被打开;4.作状语 现在分词作状语,一般句子主语就是分词的主语;1 时间状语 分词作时间状语相当于 when 引导的时间状语从句,若两个动作同时发生,可以在分词前加入连词 when 或 while;例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up 学生们看到老师进来,都站了起来;Seen from the moon,the earth looks like a ball=When the earth is seenfrom the moon,it looks like a ball 从月球上看,地球像个圆球;2 原因状语 分词作原因状语时相当于 as,since 或 because 所引导的原因状语从句;例如：Not knowing what to do about it,I asked my teacher for advice=Because I didnt know what to do about it,I asked my teacher for advice 由于我不知道该怎么办,就征求老师的意见;Encouraged by his speech,the students decided to work hard=As the students were encouraged by his speech,they decided to work hard 受他讲话的鼓舞,学生们决定努力学习;3 条件状语 分词作条件状语时相于 if 或 unless 引导的条件状语从句,也可在分词短语前加 if 或 unless;例如：Reading more carefully,youll learn something new=If you read more carefully,youll learn something new 如果你读得更认真些,你就会学到一些新东西;Given another chance,hell succeed=If he is given another chance,hell succeed 如果再给他一次机会,他一定会成功;4 结果状语 分词作结果状语时相当于 that 引导的结果状语从句或并列句;例如：The bottle dropped to the ground,breaking into pieces=The bottle dropped to the ground that it broke into pieces 瓶子掉在地上摔碎了;The old writer died all of a sudden,leaving his works unfinished=The old writer died all of a sudden,and he left his works unfinished 这位年迈的作家没有完成他的著作就突然离开人世了;5 让步状语 分词短语作让步状语相当于让步状语从句;例如：Tired,the old man continued to work=Even though the old man was tired,he continued to work 尽管老人累了,他仍继续干活;Although built many years ago,the machines are still working in perfect order.=Although the machines were made many years ago,they are still working in perfect order.虽然这些机器是很多年前制造的,但现在仍然运行良好;6 方式状语或伴随状语 分词短语作方式状语或伴随状语时,没有对应的状语从句;例如：He came,running back to tell me the good news 他跑回来告诉我这个好消息;The teacher hurried to the office,followed by five students 五个学生跟着老师匆匆忙忙地走进了办公室;