重点语法总结(一)

2014年考研英语二大纲III. 考 查 内 容 考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1. 语法知识 考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1) 名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；(2) 动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；(3) 形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；(4) 常用连接词的词义及其用法；(5) 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法；(6) 虚拟语气的构成及其用法；(7) 各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法；(8) 倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法.具体语法框架请参照课堂笔记。词类英语名称作用例词名词n.表示人或事物的名称man,dog, tree, book冠词art.用在名词前，起修饰或限定作用a, an, the代词pron.代替名词或数词I, you, that, this, some, a few数词num.表示数量或顺序one, two, first形容词adj.修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物 的特征red, beautiful, young, old副词adv.修饰动词、形容词或其它副词very, quickly, often, here动词v.表动作或状态walk, run, study, be介词prep.用在名词、代词或数词前，表示 和句中其它词的关系in, on, at, behind, from连词conj.用来连接词与词或句与句and, but, if, or感叹词interj.表示说话时的感情或口气oh, hello, hi, er系动词： 表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, look, seem 表示状态的变化： turn, go, become, get, grow 表示状态的持续： remain, keep, stay五种简单句型主语+不及物动词He arrived.主语+系动词+表语She looks beautiful.主语+及物动词+宾语He bought a book.主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）He gave the book to me.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语I found him a good student.do一般态（体）进行态完成态完成进行态现在时do/ doesam (is,are) doinghave(has) donehave(has) been doing过去时didwas(were) doinghad donehad been doing将来时willdo/ be going to dowill be doingwill have donewill have been doing过去 将来时would dowould be doingwould have donewould have been doing从句中的用法。If从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式would/could/should/过去时(were)might +V.（原丿过去完成时过去1过去时would/could/should/将来2. should+V.might +V.（原丿3. were to dowould/could/should/might have +done条件从句现在不定式(to do)厂过去分词(-ed)分词k现在分词(-ing)-ing分词k动名词(-ing)句子句子的种类 ：一 按使用目的： 陈述句；疑问句；祈使句和感叹句。1. Light travels faster than sound.2. 疑问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。3. 祈使句：(1)动词原形开头(2)Let 开头4. 感叹句： what how二按结构分： 简单句；并列句；复合句。1. 简单句：1)主语+谓语： I work.(2)主语+系动词+表语：John is busy.3) 主语+谓语+宾语： She studies English.4) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补： Time would prove me right.5) 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾： My mother made me a new dress.2. 并列句：3. 复合句：定语从句：关系代词： that;which;who;whom;whose;as关系副词： where;why;when1. 关系代词引导的定语从句：1) who;whom;thatHe is a man who I met yesterday.2) whosePlease give me the book whose cover is green.3) which,thatLet me see the book which/that you bought yesterday.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句：whereBeijing is the place where I was born.Beijing is the place in which I was born.3. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：1)This is the house which I bought last year.The house, which I bought last year, is nice.2)非限定性定语从句可以指代前面一句话，不能用thatShe didnt give me a present, which makes me very sad.4. as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句as：1)the same.as/such.asThis is the same thing as we need.2)as whichAs is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.5. that 和 whatwhat=the thing(s) that/whichThis is what we need.= This is the thing that we need.6. that1) 不用that的情况引导非限定性定语从句时； 介词后面2) 只用 that 的情况something/all/thoene/thethere be;先行词被不定代词，最高级，序数词，数词如 only/the ver等;先行词既有人又有物时。