考研英语经典阅读四篇

考研英语经典阅读四篇 Passage OneHowever important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored by the teacher. They can become strong help to the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously go against the learning aims.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted lectures explaining such matter as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate (转化) his natural paternal(父亲的，父权的) interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior join in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in many other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to pretty accounts of childrens misbehaviors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for punishment and rewards at home.What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities. (355)1.The central idea expressed in the above passage is thatA home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.B teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the aims of the school.C there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home.D parents unconsciously have gone against the teaching aims.2.The author directly discusses the fact thatA parents drill their children too much in arithmetic.B principals have explained the new art programs to parents.C a father can have his son help him construct articles at home.D a parents misguided efforts can be properly directed.3.It can reasonably be inferred that the authorA is satisfied with present relationships between home and school.B feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental program.C feels that teacherparent conference can be more productive.D is of the opinion that teachers of this generation are inferior to those of the last generation.4.The author implies thatA participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves ones achievement in that area.B too many children are lazy and have poor work habits.C school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents.D teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents.5.We may infer that the writer of the article does favorA a fathers helping his son with the latters studies.B written communications to the parents from the teacher.C having the parents observe lessons which the children are being taught.D principal parent conferences rather than teacher parent conferences.Passage Two The importance and focus on the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context and implications. Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis (诊断) and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analysis and even study, as this book indicates. (371)6.The main idea of the first paragraph is thatA generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism.B importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.Cconcepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing.D personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews.7.Much research has been done on interviews in generalA so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.B though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attention.C but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected.D and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing.8.Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interviewA but most of them wish to stay away from it.B and many of them hope to be interviewed someday.C and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it.D but most of them may not have been interviewed in person.9.Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?A The patient. B The physician.C The Journalist. D The psychologist.10.The passage is most likely a part of.A a news article B a research reportC a journalistic interview D a prefacePassage ThreeSince 1975 advocates of humane treatment of animals have broadened their goals to oppose the use of animals for fur, leather, wool, and food. They have mounted protests against all forms of hunting and the trapping of animals in the wild. And they have joined environmentalists in urging protection of natural habitats from commercial or residential development. The occasion for these added emphases was the publication in 1975 of “Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals” by Peter Singer, formerly a professor of philosophy at Oxford University in England. This book gave a new impetus to the animal rights movement.The post 1975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than their predecessors, and the organizations to which they belong are generally more radical. Many new organizations are formed. The tactics of the activists are designed to catch the attention of the public. Since the mid1980s there have been frequent news reports about animal right organizations picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals. Some of the more extreme organizations advocate the use of assault, armed terrorism, and death threats to make their point. Aside from making isolated attacks on people who wear fur coats or trying to prevent hunters from killing animals, most of the organizations have directed their tactics at institutions. The results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed. Companies are reducing reliance on animal testing. Medical research has been somewhat curtailed by legal restrictions and the reluctance of younger workers to use animals in research. New tests have been developed to replace the use of animals. Some wellknown designers have stopped using fur.While the general public tends to agree that animals should be treated humanely, most people are unlikely to give up eating meat or wearing goods made from leather and wool. Giving up genuine fur has become less of a problem, since fibers used to make fake fur such as the Japanese invention Kanecaron can look almost identical to real fur.Some of the strongest opposition to the animal rights movement has come from hunters and their organizations. But animal rights activists have succeeded in marshaling public opinion to press for state restrictions on hunting in several parts of the nation.(383)11.1975 was an important year in the history of animal treatment because A many people began to call for humane treatment of animals that year.B a new book was published that broadened the animal rights movement.C the environmentalists began to show interest in animal protection.D the trapping of animals began to go wild all through the world.12.Some animal rights organizations advocate the use of extreme means in order toA wipe out cruel people.B stop using animals in the laboratory.C attack hunters in the wild.D catch full public attention.13.When the author says that “the results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed” (in Para.3),he means the protest and other tacticsA have produced desired effects.B almost amounted to nothing.C have some influence on the public.D have proved to be too radical.14.The word “marshaling” (in the last paragraph) probably means.A conducting B popularizingC changing D outraging15.It seems that the author of this articleA is strongly opposed to the animal rights movement.B is in favor of the animal rights movement.C supports the use of violence in animal protection.D hates the use of fake fur for clothes.Passage FourIf something you have bought is faulty or does not do what was claimed for it, you are not asking for a favor to get it put right. It is the shopkeepers responsibility to take the complaint seriously and to replace or repair a faulty article because he is the person with whom you have entered into an agreement.Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt you may have. If you telephone, ask the name of the person who handles your inquiry, otherwise, you may never find out who dealt with the complaint later.Even the bravest person finds it difficult to stand up in a group of people to complain, so if you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt number, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article. If you are not satisfied with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director (总经理) of the shop. Be sure to keep copies of your own letters and any you receive.If your complaint is a just one, the shopkeeper may offer to replace or repair the faulty article. You may find this an attractive solution. In certain cases you may have the right to refuse the goods and ask for your money back, but this is only where you have hardly used the goods and have acted at once. Even when you cannot refuse the goods you may be able to get some money back as well. And if you have suffered some special loss, for example if a new washing machine tears your clothes, you might receive money to replace them. If the shopkeeper refuses to give you money, ask for advice from your Citizens Advice Bureau before you accept a credit note to be used to buy goods in the same shops. In some cases the shopkeeper does not have to give you your money back. If, for example, he changes an article simply because you dont like it or it does not fit. He does not have to take back the goods in these circumstances. (398)16.The shopper may make a complaint becauseA he dislikes causing a fuss .B it doesnt do what is claimed for it.C the article bought is not up to standard.D he was at fault in buying the article.17.When complaining on the telephoneA you should speak direct to the owner.B you must ask for the manager.C you may never find out who dealt with the matter.D you should find out with whom you discuss the matter.18.You can demand your money back only ifA the article cannot be replaced or repaired.B you have gone back immediately.C the article has not gone up in price since you bought it.D the article has had hard wear.19.If a shopkeeper will not give you money you shouldA take a credit note instead. B refuse to leave the shop.C ask your office for advice. D find out your lawful rights.20.The shopkeeper may change an article ifA he gives you your money back. B he thinks it is unsuitable.C it is the wrong size. D he doesnt like it.Passage One （一）注释1. manuscript n.手稿, 原稿2. enlighten vt.启发, 启蒙, 教导, 授予.知识, 开导3. illustrate vt.举例说明, 图解, 加插图于, 阐明 vi.举例（二）长难句结构分析1. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.整个句子是状语从句，主句的it是形式主语，主语是由非谓语动词引导的一个宾语从句。本句可译为：如果学生的父亲接受建议，父亲很快就会发现，孩子在数学方面取得满意的进步的同时也喜欢干活，这种设想都是意料之中的事。（三）答案解析大意：文章讨论教师和家长之间如何共同合作帮助学生完成学习目标。1.B 主旨题。文章第一段指出父母对子女的影响不容忽视；第二段说管理人员知道让父母了解最新教学方法的必要性；第三段说教师可以启发家长相互配合；第四段和第五段举例具体说明家长该如何配合及其成效；最后指出让家长好好利用孩子们在家的时间，只有这样，学校和家长才能使青少年的能力得到全面发展。可见这篇文章写的是教师能够而且也应该帮助家长了解学校教育的目的，并起到促进作用，因此，选项B是正确答案。2. D 推断题。文章第四段开头，“比如，假设父亲每天晚上帮助上初中的孩子做算术题。经过一次友好的面谈，老师可以帮助父亲将其做父亲的天生兴趣转化成卓有成效的方法。”由此可见，父亲被误导的努力可以适当地纠正。3. C 推断题。文章第六段第一句说，“然而我们却常常看到家长会把精力放在报告孩子行为不端、抱怨懒惰及学习习惯不好，以及在家中要实行奖惩。”可见，作者认为家长可以比目前更有成效。4. A 推断题。文章第四段第三句说，“父亲可以让上初中的孩子参与讨论家庭预算，买东西，在家用量尺或量杯，定闹钟，旅途中量里程并参与各种以数学为基础的活动。”在第五段又指出如果父亲按这个建议行事，他很快就会认识到孩子在数学方面取得了令人满意的进展。由此可见，作者暗示参与同一课程有关的活动可以提高学生的成绩。5. D 态度题。文章第二段和第三段以及第六段中，分别提到了校长召开的家长会在启发父母、激励孩子方面所起的正面作用和教师家长会的弊端。因此可见，作者赞同校长召开的家长会，而不赞成教师召开的家长会。Passage Two（一）注释1. acquaintance n.相识, 熟人2. reflect v.反射, 反映, 表现, 反省, 细想3. journalism n.新闻业, 报章杂志 journalistic adj.新闻事业的, 新闻从业员的,新闻工作者的4. indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明5. devoted vt. devoted, devoting （与to连用）献身；专心于6. mass media n.大众传播媒体，大众传媒, 海量媒体数据（二）长难句结构分析1. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons.由that引导的从句是一个定语从句修饰主语fact。本句可译为：通常关于采访的文艺作品很少涉及新闻采访这个事实，让人从两个方面感到惊讶。2. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context and implications.整个句子由一些插入语分割开，造成了阅读上的一定难度。其实books，journalism and broadcasting handbooks，reporting texts是一个层次的概念，而“how to”aspects， conceptual aspects，context and implications是另一个层次的概念。本句的主语是books,谓语是stress。本句可译为：大部分书不包括新闻广播方面的手册和报告文章，或者这些书的几个章节，把重点放在新闻采访如何做这些方面，而不是放在新闻采访的概念方面或放在上下文及其关联上。（三）答案解析大意：这是一本书的序言。在新闻采访领域，许多书都在大谈理论，而对具体操作实践却闭口不提。6. B 主旨题。文章第一段后半部分提到，在新闻界，如同在其他领域一样，通过对专业实践进行系统的研究可以学到许多东西。这种研究可积累证据，人们可从中形成广泛的具有概括性的原理。由此可见，文章第一段的中心思想为应重视对新闻采访进行系统研究。7. C 细节题。文章第二段第一句说，“但对新闻采访本身的研究并未受到重视。”第二段第四句又说，“不幸的是，这些大量的有关采访的论著几乎忽视了新闻采访。”由此可见，作为一个特殊领域，新闻采访被人们忽视了。8. D 细节题。文章第二段倒数第三句说，“然而，我们之中很少有人真正地亲自受过大众媒介的采访，尤其是电视采访。”由此可见，西方人虽然对新闻采访很熟悉，但是大多数人都未被采访过。9. A 推断题。文章第二段后半部分说，在临床采访中，采访者，即专业人士只想得到必要的信息以对寻求帮助的人进行诊断和治疗。由此可推断出在临床采访中被采访者应该是患者。10. D 推断题。文章最后一句说“正如本书中所陈述的。”由此可推断出这篇文章是一本书的前言。Passage Three（一）注释1. mount vt. 发动mount protest意为“发起抗议”2. commercial or residential development指商用建筑、普通住宅开发3. give a new impetus to意思是“为注入新的动力”4. The occasion for these added emphases was the publication.受到新的关注的起因是的出版5. aside from意思是“除了以外”6. The post 1975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than their predecessors.本句的意思是“1975年后的动物权利保护者的呼声比他们的前人更高。”7. picket派出纠察员，在示威期间设置一个或几个纠察队8. make their point说服别人赞同自己的观点7. curtail v.限制9. .marshaling public opinion to press for state restrictions on hunting in several parts of the nation.这个分句的意思是“引导公众舆论，强烈要求国家限制在某些地区狩猎”。press for意为“迫切要求”。10. has become less of a problem意思是“已经不成问题”。（二）长难句结构分析1. While the general public tends to agree that animals should be treated humanely,most people are unlikely to give up eating meat or wearing goods made from leather and wool.本句是由“While，”连接的两个分句组成的并列句，前一个句子的主语是the general public，that后面的句子是agree的宾语从句。后一个句子的主语是most people,后面引导一个系表结构成分。“made from leather and wool.”作为定语修饰宾语goods。本句可译为：一般民众倾向于赞同动物应该受到人道的对待，然而大多数人不愿意放弃吃动物肉或者穿由动物皮毛做成的衣物。（三）答案解析11.B 细节题。文章第一段中点明，1975年动物的自由：与动物相处的新道德观一书的出版成为动物保护运动发展过程中的一个重大事件(The occasion for these added emphases was the publication in 1975 of.），此书的出版大大地推动了保护动物权利运动。故正确答案为B。12.D细节题。第二段列举了动物权利保护者为达目的而使用的种种暴力手段。所有这些例子都为了说明一个问题：引起公众的关注(The tactics of the activists are designed to catch the attention of the public)。故正确答案为D。13.C归纳题。文中第三段指出，公司不再完全利用动物做试验，利用动物进行医学研究的行为也受到了法律的约束，甚至一些著名的时装设计师不再用皮革制作时装等。由此可见，动物权利保护者的种种努力还是取得了一定的效果。故正确答案为C。14.A词汇题。从最后一段最后一句可推知，marshaling意为“引导”。故正确答案为A。15.B推断题。文中作者虽然没有明确表达自己的态度，但是从文中的措辞可以看出作者对此持肯定的态度。特别是在文章最后一句，清楚地表达了作者赞同的态度。故正确答案为B。Passage Four（一）注释1. put right v.使恢复正常, 纠正错误2. tand up 站得住脚, 坚持, 经得起, 拥护, 抵抗3. at this stage adv.眼下, 暂时4. enter into an agreement 订约（二）长难句结构分析1.It is the shopkeepers responsibility （to take the complaint seriously and to replace or repair a faulty article）because he is the person with whom you have entered into an agreement.整个句子是原因状语从句，it是主句的形式主语，真正主语是两个to引导的非谓语动词短语，从句里又有定语从句修饰the person。可译为：认真接受顾客的投诉并更换或者修补货物是店主的责任，因为，他是和你订约的那个人。（三）答案解析大意：文章讨论消费者购物后向商家投诉的问题。购买的商品在什么情况下可以退换，可以通过什么方式投诉，如何与商家交涉，如何保护消费者的权益。16. B 细节题。第一段第一句中指出，“如果你买的东西有问题，或者名不副实，那么你要求找回公道并不算是一种乞求。”很显然，选项B符合题意。A中的短语意思是大惊小怪，D是指顾客对购物这一行为本身不满意，而不是对商品不满意。17. D 细节题。第二段第一句，“投诉时应当去找负责人。”接下来又说，“如果你打 进行投诉，要问清楚接受你投诉的人的姓名，否则的话，你以后可能就无法知道到底是谁在处理你的问题。”故选D。18 .B 细节题。第四段第三句提到，“某些时候你有权拒绝调换商品，要求把钱退还给你，但条件是你几乎还没有使用该商品，而且在购物后很快就来投诉。”其他三个选项皆不符合题意。19. D 细节题。文章最后一段说，“如果商家拒绝付钱，你可以去找市民咨询处讨个办法，之后再考虑接受欠款凭证，用来在同一家店中购物。”正确答案是D。20. C 细节题。文章最后三句，“有时商家不一定付给你钱，比如，如果你不喜欢这件商品或者商品的尺寸不合适，他只会给你调换另外一件。”由此可见，选项C符合题意。