博士入学考试-1001英语

xxxx 博士研究生入学考试试题博士研究生入学考试试题科目代码科目代码:1001:1001科目名称科目名称:英语英语请注意请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试题上无效）I.Vocabulary and StructureI.Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are 20 incompletesentencesin this part.For eachsentencethere are four choices marked A.,B.,C.and D.Choose the ONE thatbestcompletes the sentence.Then write the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet.本大题共 20 小题，每小题分，本大题共 10 分1.Their study shows that sports skills_ into personal life.A)take over B)carry over C)turn over D)comeover2.A similar _of female to male students has been observedin law and medical school classrooms in recent years.A)subordination B)participation C)impact D)assumption3.It has been proven innumerable times that the various types ofbehavior,emotions,and interests that _ being masculineand feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.A)construct B)assign C)constitute D)approve4.Our guess said some verythings about the meal Idcooked.A）complimentary B）complimentedC）complementary D）complement5.He has some _ ideas about what to do,but nothing specific.A)vulgar B)vague C)delicate D)subtle6.The teacher gave me a _ on the b ack for getting an“A”on the test.A)clap B)hit C)pat D)pad7.Jack is a student who _ on activity.A)lingers B)invests C)deserves D)thrives8.You should _ your letter with a phone call.A)follow B)lift up C)follow up D)passalong9.Bobs _comments insulted meA)insincere B)overdue C)inspiring D)positive10.He was mentally _ to keep going long after his body hadgiven up.A)sentimental B)poetic C)sincere D)tough11.After the negotiation,the president leaned back in his seat and_his success.A)savoredB)boosted C)treasured D)reread12.The brides pa rents arranged for the _at the reception.A)entertainB)entertainmentC)entertainingD)entertainer13.The witnesss _ of David led to his arrest.A)temptationB)clarificationC)recognitionD)knowledge14.Typical jokes or _ stories have a three-part anatomy thatis easily recognized.A)humorist B)humorousC)humorless D)humor15.The _ methods of the investigator revealed the identity ofthe murderer.A)analysis B)analyst C)analyzeD)analytical16.Its _ that Mary was promoted because she works so hard.A)understandable B)understanding C)understood D)misunderstand17.It is _ to say that the truly humorous individual is notonly well liked,but is often the focus of attention in anygathering.A)reasoning B)reasonable C)neutral D)mutual18.Some people tell jokes very well while others_ saysomething funny.A)attempt to B)tempt to C)appeal to D)struggle to19.I was jealous of the football players _in school.A)popularity B)curiosity C)familiarity D)profession20.It was only when I saw the painting on sale for half the priceI paid for it that I realized Id been _.A)intrigued B)steered C)cheated D)bothered.Reading Comprehension.Reading ComprehensionDirections:Directions:There are 3 passages in this part.Each passage isfollowedby somequestionsor unfinishedstatements.For eachof themthere are four choices marked A.,B.,C.and D.You should decide onthe best choice and write the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet.本大题共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，本大题共 15 分Passage OnePassage OneAn 82-year-old man who shot a burglar who was trying to break intohis allotment shed was ordered to pay him 4000 damages yesterday.Ted Newbery had been sleeping in the shed to try to stop vandalsdestroying his allotment.He fired through a hole in the door whenhe heard voices outside.Mark Revill,28,was hit in the chest andarm by 50 shotgun pellets as he and another man tried to smash theirway into the shed.They had gone there to steal,knowing that thepensioner had a television set and a washing machine in the shed.Mr.Newbery had slept in the shed every night for four yearsbecause of vandalism,the court was told by the defense.That night,he heard a loud banging on the door,and a voice saying“If the oldmans in there,well do him.”He was absolutely terrified,andfired the gun in self-defense.As a result of the incident,Mr.Revilllost two fingers,and has partially lost the use of one arm.Mr.Justice Rougier ruled that Mr.Newbery had acted out of allproportion to the threat.He had not acted in panic,but had plannedhis response in advance,and it had been reckless to shoot the shotgunthrough a hole in the door,while not being able to see what he wasshooting at.Mr.Justice Rougier awarded Revill 4000 for his injuries andloss of earnings.The judgment caused an immediate public outcry.Tim Molloney,theMayor of Erewash,launched an appeal to raise money to pay Mr.Newberys bill,and started the fund with a contribution of 100.Since then,money has been pouring in from all over the country.ALondon restaurateur was one of the dozens to call The Times to expresshis anger over the affair.Husseyin Ozer,42,said he would sell hisRolex watch to pay the award.“I am outraged.The old saying thatan Englishmans home is his castle does not seem to be true anymore,”he said.1.What do we learn about Mr.RevillA)He tried to break in.B)He was shot dead.C)He was a neighbor of Mr.Newbery.D)He lived onpension.2.Mr.Newbery said he shot at Mr.Revill _.A)out of panic B)through the windowC)to frighten him away D)because he wasangry with him3.Which of the following opinions didthe court most probably agreewithA)It was Mr.Revills own fault if he was injured.B)Mr.Newbery had planned the shooting.C)Mr.Newbery should have been sent to prison for what he did.D)A home owner is entitled to shoot a burglar under anycircumstances.4.The Mayor of Erewash started a fund to help Mr.Newbery becausehe thought _.A)Mr.Newbery was right in trying to defend himselfB)Mr.Newbery was too old to support himselfC)the police should have protected Mr.NewberyD)the local government was partly responsible for the incident5.What is the authors tone of voice in writing the newsA)Sympathetic.B)Critical.C)Objective.D)Angry.Passage TwoPassage Two Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war War is anancient institution which has existed for at least 6,000 years.Itwas always bad and usually foolish,but in the past the human racemanaged to live with it.Modern ingenuity has changed this.EitherMan will abolish war,or war will abolish Man.For the present,itisnuclearweaponthatcausesthemostseriousdanger,butbacteriological or chemical weapons may,before long,offer an evengreater threat.If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons,our workwill not be done.It will never be done until we have succeeded inabolishing war.To do this we need to persuade mankind to look uponinternational questions in a new way,not as contests of force,inwhich the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in killingpeople,but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles oflaw.It is not easy to change very old mental habits,but this is whatmust be attempted.There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideologywould prevent war.I believe this is to be a big error.All ideologiesare based on dogmatic statements which are,at best,doubtful,andatworst,totallyfalse.Theiradherentsbelieveinthemsofanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has beenvery largely such as we can welcome.It has become a commonplace thatnuclear war must be avoided.Of course very difficult problems remainin the world,but in the spirit in which they are being approachedis a better one than it was some years ago.It has begun to be thought,even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die,thatnegotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not findthese agreements wholly satisfactory.It has begun to be understoodthat the important conflict nowadays is not between differentcountries,but between Man and the atom bomb.6.This passage implies that war is now .A.worse than in the pastB.as bad as in the pastC.not so dangerous as in the pastD.as necessary as in the past7.In the sentence To do this,we need to persuade mankind.(paragraph 1),the word this refers to .A.abolish war B.improve weapons C.solve international problems D.live a peaceful life8.Fromparagraph2welearnthatthewriterofthepassage .A.is an adherent of some modern ideologiesB.does not think the adoption of some ideologies could prevent warC.believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent warD.does not doubt the truth of any ideologies9.According to the writer,.A.war is the only way to solve international disputesB.war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weaponsC.it is impossible for people to live without warD.war must be abolished if man wants to survive10.The last paragraph suggests that .A.international agreements can be reached more easily nowB.man begins to realize the danger of nuclear warC.nuclear war will definitely not take placeD.world opinion welcomes nuclear war.Passage ThreePassage ThreeNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in orderto graduate,and each course that he attends gives him a credit whichhe may count towards a degree.In many American universities the totalwork for a degree consists thirty-six courses each lasting for onesemester.A typical course consists of three classes per week forfifteen weeks;while attending a university a student will probablyattend four or five courses during each semester.Normally a studentwould expect to take four years attending two semesters each year.It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longerperiod.It is also possible for a student to move between oneuniversity and another during his degree course,though this is notin fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade,whichis recorded,and the record is available for the student to show toprospective employers.All this imposes a constant pressure andstrain of work,but in spite of this some students still find timefor great activity in student affairs.Elections to positions instudent organizations arouse much enthusiasm.The effective work ofmaintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advisethe academic authorities.Any student who is thought to have brokenthe rules,for example,by cheating has to appear before a studentcourt.With the enormous numbers of students,the operation of thesystem does involve a certain amount of activity.A student who hasheld one of these positions of authority is much respected and it willbe of benefit to him later in his career.11.Normally a student would at least attend classes eachweek.A.36 B.12 C.20 D.1512.AccordingtothefirstparagraphanAmericanstudentisallowed .A.to live in a different universityB.to take a particular course in a different university.C.to live at home and drive to classesD.to get two degrees from two different universities13.American university students are usually under pressure of workbecause .A.their academic performance will affect their future careersthey are heavily involved in student affairesthey have to observe university disciplinethey want to run for positions of authorityB.C.D.14.Some students are enthusiastic for positions in studentorganizations probably because .A.they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB.they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC.such positions help them get better jobsD.such positions are usually well paid15.The student organizations seem to be effective in .A.dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB.ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC.evaluating students performance by bringing them before a courtD.keeping up the students enthusiasm for social activities Translation Translation本大题共 2 小题，其中第 1 小题 30 分，第 2 小题 20 分，本大题共 50 分1 1Translate the following into Chinese.Translate the following into Chinese.Chinas reform has entered a critical stage and a deep water zone.We must rely fully on the people,break mental shackles and vestedinterests with great determination.We will expand the rebuilding ofrundown urban areas so that cities will take on a new look insteadof having stretches of rundownareas existing side by side withhigh-rise buildings.We will strengthen comprehensive maintenance ofpublic order,crack down hard on violent crimes of terrorism,safeguard Chinas national security,create good public order,andwork together toensure public security in China.The people are thefoundation of a nation,and a nation can enjoy peace only when itsfoundation is strong.The fundamental goal of a governments work isto ensure that everyone lives a good life.We will continue to buildinstitutions,improve weak links,help those in need of subsistenceassistance,ensure everyone has access to basic necessities,andimprove peoples living standards and quality of life.We will declarewar against pollution and fight it with the same determination webattled poverty.We will fully implement the basic strategy oflaw-based governance,act in accordance with the law in all ourgovernment work,and be guided by law in both thinking and action inperforming our duties.2 2Translate the following into English.Translate the following into English.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。.Writing.WritingDirectionsDirections：For this part,you are to write on the answer sheet a shortessay entitled Online Shopping.Online Shopping.You should write at least 200 wordsfollowing the outline given below.1.现在流行网上购物；2.网上购物的利与弊；3.你的观点。本大题共 1 小题，本大题共 25 分