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UNIT 11.被系在上be attached to2.探索行为exploratory behavior3.偶尔on occasion4.父母的责任parental duties5.揭示，阐明throw light on6.最终目的an ultimate purpose7.要做的动作desired action8.所希望的结果desirable outcome9.关键critical point10.育儿观 value of child rearing11.弥补某种错误行为making up for a misdeed12.回想起来in retrospect13.善意的well-intentioned14.前来帮助某人come to sb.s rescue15.极其熟练、温和地with extreme facility and gentleness16.适用于apply to17.发展到evolve to18.发展创造力promote creativity19.值得追求的目标worthwhile goals One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. 美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说，我们比中国人更重视创新和自立。我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来。中国老师担心，如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺，就有可能一辈子掌握不了；另一方面，他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展。美国教育工作者则担心，除非从一开始就发展创造力，不然创造力就有可能永不再现；而另一方面，技艺可于日后获得。 However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the standing on the shoulders of giants phenomenon). 但我并不想夸大其辞。无论在过去还是在当今，中国在科学、技术和艺术革新方面都展示了巨大的创造力。而西方的创新突破则有被夸大的危险。如果仔细审视任何一项创新，其对以往成就的依赖则都显而易见（“站在巨人肩膀之上”的现象）。 But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills? 然而，假定我这里所说的反差是成立的，而培养技艺与创造力两者都是值得追求的目标，那么重要的问题就在于：我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式，它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡？UNIT 21. 面临，遭遇be confronted with2. 仰头向上看look up at3. 填写fill out4. 属于fall into5. 仅仅，不多于，不强于 nothing more than6. 转瞬即逝的念头a passing whim7. 磨损，损耗wear and tear8. 虽然，尽管in spite of9. 期望，盼望look forward to10. 富裕的，有钱的 well off11. 不自在，格格不入 out of place12. 陈旧的家具dated furniture13. 之后不久shortly after14. 走下坡路，失败 go south15. 转折点a turning point16. 与形成对比 in contrast to17. 对予以注意，致力于 focus on18. 归属感a sense of belonging19. 遭遇困难 go through a rough time20. 久不消逝的微笑 a lingering smile21. 为感恩 be thankful for22. 收入最低的档次 the lowest income bracket23. 创作才能 the gift of creativity24. 对物质财富的追求 the pursuit of possessionsYet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have. My 1999 car shows the wear and tear of 105,000 miles. But it is still dependable. My apartment is modest, but quiet and relaxing. My clothes are well suited to my work, which is primarily outdoors. My minimal computer needs can be met at the library.然而，想要得到其他那么多人都有的物质的东西，对我来说，只不过是转瞬即逝的念头而已。我的汽车是1999年的产品，到现在开了十万五千英里，已经很破很旧了，但是它依然可靠。我的住房不大，但是很安静，住着挺舒心。我的衣服很适合于我的工作，主要都在户外。我对计算机的很少的需求，可以在图书馆得到解决。 In spite of what I dont have, I dont feel poor. Why? Ive enjoyed exceptionally good health for 53 years. Its not just that Ive been illness-free, its that I feel vigorous and spirited. Exercising is actually fun for me. I look forward to long, energizing walks. And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.尽管有些东西我没有，我并不感到贫穷。这是为什么？五十三年来我一直非常健康。我不但不生病，而且精力充沛，情绪饱满。锻炼对我而言是确确实实的快事，我乐意长距离步行，越走越有劲。我喜爱步行后随之产生的一种“什么都干得了”的心态。I also cherish the gift of creativity. When I write a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a joke that tickles someone, I feel rich inside. Im continually surprised at the insights that come through my writing process. And talking with so many interesting writer friends is one of my main sources of enjoyment.我还十分珍惜我的创作才能。当我写出美丽的诗句或编造出能把人逗乐的笑话时，我内心感到很富有。通过写作而获得的洞察力，不断地令我惊奇。而与那么多写作朋友交谈，是我乐趣的主要源泉之一。UNIT 31. 舞台前方the edge of the stage2. 对观众说话address the audience3. 到头来让人尴尬end up embarrassing sb.4. 当餐厅服务员wait tables5. 为某人感到骄傲be proud of sb.6. 一致地in unison7. 偶尔一次once in a while8. 围坐在餐桌旁be seated around the dinning room table9. 使产生悬念keep in suspense10. 传下来hand down11. 无论如何at any rate12. 世界和平global peace13. 减少；缩小narrow down14. 转向某人turn to sb.15. 影响；刺激come over16. 结束某（一不愉快的）事get sth. over with17. 优等生an honor student18. 整天提心吊胆live in constant dread19. 负责in charge of 20. 填写fill out21. 思路line of thought22. 初中junior high schoolIf that sort of thing happened only once in a while, it wouldnt be so bad. Overall, I wouldnt want to trade my dad for anyone elses. He loves us kids and Mom too. But I think thats sometimes the problem. He wants to do things for us, things he thinks are good. 这类事要是偶尔发生一两次，那倒也没什么。总的来说，我是不肯把自己老爸跟别人的老爸换的。他爱我们当子女的，也爱老妈。不过我想，有时问题就出在这儿。他一心想帮助我们，他自以为在为我们做好事呢。Can you imagine how humiliated I was? An honor student, class president. And Father was out asking people to have their sons call and ask me to the prom! But thats dear old dad. Actually, he is a dear. He just doesnt stop to think. And its not just one of us whove felt the heavy hand of interference. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant dread knowing that at any time disaster can strike 你们能想象我觉得自己有多么丢人现眼吗？堂堂的优秀生，班主席。父亲竟然去求别人叫他们的儿子打电话来邀我跳舞！可这就是我那可爱的老爸。他其实挺可爱的。他就是不好好想一想。不止我一个人深受他横加干预之苦。哦,绝非我一个人，我们兄妹三个整天提心吊胆，知道倒霉的事随时可能来临。UNIT 41. 一周中的最好时光highlight of the week2. 投稿 submit articles3. 有时 at times4. 对感到厌恶feel an aversion to5. 社交方式forms of socializing6. 缺乏自律a lack of discipline7. 网络交际cyber-interaction8. 面对 be confronted with9. 穿着得体be dressed appropriately10. 广告令心烦 be jarred by the commercials11. 工作成了次要的。 Work moves into the background.12. 坏脾气 be bad-tempered13. 在此状态下 in this state14. 日常事务daily routine15. 依赖 rely on16. 长期失业long-term unemployment17. 吸毒 drug abuse18. 恢复平衡restore balance19. 将与区分开 set apartfrom20. 面对面 face to face21. 找借口 make an excuseId never realized how important daily routine is: dressing for work, sleeping normal hours. Id never thought I relied so much on co-workers for company. I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide. 以前我从未意识到日常的生活起居是多么重要，如穿戴整齐去上班，按时就寝。以前我从未想过自己会那么依赖同事做伴。我开始理解为什么长时间的失业会那么伤人，为什么一个人的生活缺少了外部支持的日常计划就会导致吸毒、犯罪、自杀率的增长。To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world. I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who havent fled New York City. I try to at least get to the gym, so as to set apart the weekend from the rest of my week. I arrange interviews for stories, doctors appointments - anything to get me out of the house and connected with others. 为了恢复生活的平衡，我强迫自己回到真实世界中去。我给别人打电话，与所剩无几的仍然住在纽约城的几个朋友安排见面。我至少设法去去健身房，以便使周末与工作日有所不同。我安排采访好写报道，预约看医生安排任何需要我出门与他人接触的活动。 But sometimes being face to face is too much. I see a friend and her ringing laughter is intolerable - the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable. I make my excuses and flee. I re-enter my apartment and run to the computer as though it were a place of safety. 但有时面对面地与人相处实在难以忍受。我与一位朋友见面，她那种响亮的笑声让人忍无可忍饭店里的噪杂谈话声也让人受不了。我找了个藉口逃之夭夭。我重新回到我的公寓，冲向电脑，似乎那儿才是一个安全的地方。 I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune. I enter my password. The real world disappears. 我点击鼠标，打开调制解调器，曾经听了就烦的连接声此刻听起来就如同最心爱的曲子那么悦耳。我键入密码。真实世界转瞬便消逝了。UNIT 51. 田径比赛 track and field competition2. 俯瞰 a birds eye view3. 深呼吸 take a deep breath4. 像雄鹰一样翱翔 soar like an eagle5. 如出一辙; 不谋而合 coincide with6. 每隔一天 every other day/on alternate days7. 农场杂活 farm chores8. 有一次 on one occasion9. 站着 on ones feet10. 没有意识到 unaware of11. 仰面躺着 lie on ones back12. 对惭愧 be ashamed of13. 感到 fill ones mind with14. 摆脱紧张情绪 shake the tension15. 在内心的最深处 from the deepest depths of ones soul16. 在这种时候 at a time like this17. 舒展；伸展 stretch out18. 缓缓移动 in slow motion19. 使回到现实中 bring sb. back to earth20. 想象 see in ones minds eyeThe runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. Thats only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasnt working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths. 这一回，那跑道显得有些异样。刹那间，他感到一阵惊吓。一种惶惑不安的感觉向他袭来。横杆升在高出他个人最高纪录9英寸的高度。他想，这一高度与全国纪录只差1英寸了。这一刻紧张异常，他感到焦虑不安。他想摆脱紧张情绪。没有用。他更紧张了。在这种时刻怎么会这样呢，他暗暗思忖着。他有点胆怯起来。说是恐惧也许更为恰当。怎么办？他以前从来不曾有过这种感觉。这时，不知不觉地，在内心最深处，出现了他母亲的身影。为什么是在这一刻？记忆中，母亲在这种时刻会怎样做呢？很简单。母亲过去总跟他说，当你觉得紧张、焦虑、甚至害怕的时候，就深深地吸气。 So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly. 于是他深深吸了一口气。在摆脱腿部肌肉紧张的同时，他轻轻地把撑竿放在脚边。他开始舒展双臂和上身。刚才飘过一阵轻风，此刻消失了。他小心翼翼地拿起撑竿，只觉得心怦怦在跳。他相信观众们的心也在怦怦跳动。场上鸦雀无声，令人透不过气来。当他听见远处飞鸟啼鸣时，他知道，自己飞身起跃的时刻到了。UNIT 61. 把改成 convert into2. 对一无所知 dont know the first thing about3. 把区分开来 distinguish from4. 渴望独立 be craving independence5. 不禁不寒而栗 cant help shuddering 6. 处于劣势 at a disadvantage7. 在方面 when it comes to8. 偶然闯进 stumble into9. 轻而易举地把它学好 it comes easily to somebody 10. 咬紧牙学好它 grit your teeth to get good at it11. 极有可能 theres a strong chance that 12. 把成绩提高到A pull the grade up to an A13. 恐惧的时候 moments of panic14. 基于 be based on15. 文化熏陶 cultural cues16. 人不是孤岛。 No man is an island17. 毫无疑问, 不可否认 Theres no denying that18. 与相关联 be relevant to 19. 不容改变的结论 hard and fast conclusions20. 生来就懂 be born knowing21. 有敢冒风险而为的精神 take a leap of faith22. 有所选择地听别人的话 have a selective hearing Why are we so quick to limit ourselves? Im not denying that most little girls love dolls and most little boys love videogames, and it may be true that some people favor side of their brain, and others the left. But how relevant is that to me, or to anyone, as an individual? Instead of translating our differences into hard and fast conclusions about the human brain, why cant we focus instead on how incredibly flexible we are? Instead of using what we know as a reason why women cant learn physics, maybe we should consider the possibility that our brains are more powerful than we imagine. 什么我们这么快就限制了我们自己呢？我不否认大多数小女孩喜欢娃娃而大多数小男孩爱玩电子游戏。或许真的一些人偏爱用右半脑，另一些人偏爱用左半脑。但这于我，或任何一个个人来说又有多大关联呢？为什么将男人和女人的不同归结为不容改变的结论，说成是与大脑有关，而不能看到我们难以置信的灵活性呢？或许我们应该认为我们的大脑比我们所想象的要更为强大，而不是凭我们仅有的知识去为女人不能学物理提供一个理由。Heres a secret: math and science dont come easily to most people. No one was ever born knowing calculus. A woman can learn anything a man can, but first she needs to know that she can do it, and that takes a leap of faith. It also helps to have selective hearing. 秘密在于：对大多数人来说，数学和科学学习并不比其他人来得更容易些。没有人生来就懂微积分。男人能学会的，女人也能学会。但首先女人需要明白她能做到，而那需要足够大的勇气和自信。这也会有助于我们学会有选择地采纳别人的见解。UNIT 71. 排行榜 a hit parade2. 严格地说strictly speaking3. 对我们真正至关重要的事 the things that really matter to us4. 发表演说make a speech5. 为了加强效果for effect6. 系统的研究a systematic study7. 起源于 descend from8. 提出come up with9. 向西漂泊drift west10. 留传给我们pass on to us 11. 日子过得开心enjoy oneself12. 抚养孩子rear/raise a child13. 诺曼人征服英国the Normans conquered England14. 平民百姓common people15. 印刷机 a printing press16. 大量新思想a wealth of new thinking17. 欧洲文艺复兴the European Renaissance18. 失控be out of control19. 付诸实施put into practice20. 个人自由的崇尚者a respecter of the liberties of each individual 21. 开拓新路strike out new path22. 培育了的准则nourish the principles of 23. 人权the rights of man24. 知识精英an intellectual eliteTwo centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down. 两个世纪前，在印度当法官的一位英国人注意到，梵文中有一些词与希腊语、拉丁语中的一些词极为相似。系统的研究显示，许多现代语言起源于一个共同的母语，但由于没有文字记载，该母语已经失传。 Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe. Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesars armies found in Britain. 语言学家找出了相似的词，提出这些语言的源头是他们称之为印欧母语的语言，这种语言使用于公元前3500年至公元前2000年。这些人使用同样的词表达“雪”、“蜜蜂”和“狼”，但没有表示“海”的词。因此有些学者认为，他们生活在寒冷的中北欧某个地区。一些人向东迁徙形成了印度和巴基斯坦的各种语言，有些人则向西漂泊，来到欧洲气候较为温暖的地区。最早西移的一些人后来被称作凯尔特人，亦即凯撒的军队在不列颠发现的民族。 New words came with the Germanic tribes - the Angles, the Saxons, etc. - that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society. 新的词汇随日尔曼部落盎格鲁、萨克逊等部落而来，他们在5世纪的时候越过北海定居在不列颠。他们共同形成了我们称之为盎格鲁萨克逊的社会。 The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter. 盎格鲁萨克逊人将他们的农耕词汇留传给我们，包括sheep, ox, earth, wood, field 和work等。他们的日子一定过得很开心，因为他们留传给我们laughter一词。 UNIT 81. 在的腹地 in the heart of2. 与和谐相处 live in harmony with3. 富足的农场 prosperous farm4. 默默地穿越 silently cross5. 在中 in the mists of6. 令人目不暇接 delight sbs eye7. 以为食 feed on8. 蜂拥而至 pour through9. 悄悄蔓延 creep over10. 死亡的阴影 a shadow of death11. 对迷惑不解 be puzzled by12. 莫名其妙突然死去 sudden and unexplained deaths13. 出奇地安静 a strange stillness14. 许许多多 scores of15. 开花 come into bloom16. 几处斑痕 a few patches17. 遭遇灾难的世界 the stricken world18. 经历的不幸 experience the misfortune19. 多个 a substantial number of20. 想像的悲剧 imagined tragedy21. 严酷现实 stark reality22. 使鸦雀无声 silence the voices ofThere was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings.从前在美国中心有一个小镇，那里的万物看上去都与其四周的环境融洽相处。小镇的四周是像棋盘交错的生意盎然的农庄，还有一块块的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果园。春天来了，白色的鲜花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃。小山上狐狸吠叫，田野间小鹿静静地跃过，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄雾中半隐半现。Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the travelers eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns.在路的两旁，一年中许多时候，月桂树、荚莲、桤木、蕨类植物和各样的野花都能让过往的行人赏心悦目。即使是冬天，路边的景色依旧是美不胜收，那里无数的小鸟来觅取浆果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的种子。事实上，这乡村正是由于鸟类的数量和种类之繁多而出名的。在候鸟群潮涌而来的春秋季节，人们从大老远的地方慕名前来欣赏。还有的人来这里的小溪垂钓。清冽的溪水从山中流出，溪水中有许多鳟鱼藏身的背阴的水潭。所以，从许多年前开始，第一批居住者就在这里盖房挖井，搭起了自己的谷仓。
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