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NFPA 13Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems1999 EditionCopyright 1999 NFPA, All Rights ReservedNFPA 13Standard for theInstallation of Sprinkler Systems1999 EditionNOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Appendix A. A dagger () following the number or letter designating a paragraph or section in the text indicates explanatory test data and procedures with regard to that paragraph or section can be found in Appendix C.A reference in parentheses () at the end of a section or paragraph indicates that the material has been extracted from another NFPA document. The bold number in parentheses indicates the document number and is followed by the section number where the extracted material can be found in that document. The complete title and current edition of an extracted document can be found in the chapter on referenced publications.Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 13 and Appendix E.Chapter 1 General Information1-1 Scope.This standard provides the minimum requirements for the design and installation of automatic fire sprinkler systems and exposure protection sprinkler systems, including the character and adequacy of water supplies and the selection of sprinklers, fittings, piping, valves, and all materials and accessories, including the installation of private fire service mains. This standard encompasses “combined service mains” used to carry water for both fire service and other uses as well as mains for fire service use only.1-2* Purpose.The purpose of this standard is to provide a reasonable degree of protection for life and property from fire through standardization of design, installation, and testing requirements for sprinkler systems, including private fire service mains, based on sound engineering principles, test data, and field experience. This standard endeavors to continue the excellent records that have been established by sprinkler systems while meeting the needs of changing technology. Nothing in this standard is intended to restrict new technologies or alternate arrangements, provided the level of safety prescribed by this standard is not lowered. Materials or devices not specifically designated by this standard shall be utilized in complete accord with all conditions, requirements, and limitations of their listings.1-2.1A sprinkler system and private fire service mains are specialized fire protection systems and require knowledgeable and experienced design and installation. 1-3 Retroactivity Clause.The provisions of this document are considered necessary to provide a reasonable level of protection from loss of life and property from fire. They reflect situations and the state of the art at the time the standard was issued.| Unless otherwise noted, it is not intended that the provisions of this document be applied to facilities, equipment, structures, or installations that were existing or approved for construction or installation prior to the effective date of this document. Exception: In those cases where it is determined by the authority having jurisdiction that the existing situation involves a distinct hazard to life or property, this standard shall apply. 1-4 Definitions.1-4.1 NFPA Definitions.Approved.* Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.Authority Having Jurisdiction.* The organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.Listed.* Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.Standard. A document, the main text of which contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and which is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall be located in an appendix, footnote, or fine-print note and are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard.1-4.2 General Definitions.Compartment. A space completely enclosed by walls and a ceiling. The compartment enclosure is permitted to have openings to an adjoining space if the openings have a minimum lintel depth of 8 in. (203 mm) from the ceiling.Drop-Out Ceiling. A suspended ceiling system, which is installed below the sprinklers, with listed translucent or opaque panels that are heat sensitive and fall from their setting when exposed to heat.Dwelling Unit. One or more rooms arranged for the use of one or more individuals living together, as in a single housekeeping unit normally having cooking, living, sanitary, and sleeping facilities. For purposes of this standard, dwelling unit includes hotel rooms, dormitory rooms, apartments, condominiums, sleeping rooms in nursing homes, and similar living units.Fire Control. Limiting the size of a fire by distribution of water so as to decrease the heat release rate and pre-wet adjacent combustibles, while controlling ceiling gas temperatures to avoid structural damage.Fire Suppression. Sharply reducing the heat release rate of a fire and preventing its regrowth by means of direct and sufficient application of water through the fire plume to the burning fuel surface.High-Challenge Fire Hazard. A fire hazard typical of that produced by fires in combustible high-piled storage.High-Piled Storage. Solid-piled, palletized, rack storage, bin box, and shelf storage in excess of 12 ft (3.7 m) in height.Hydraulically Designed System. A calculated sprinkler system in which pipe sizes are selected on a pressure loss basis to provide a prescribed water density, in gallons per minute per square foot (mm/min), or a prescribed minimum discharge pressure or flow per sprinkler, distributed with a reasonable degree of uniformity over a specified area.Limited-Combustible Material. As applied to a building construction material, a material not complying with the definition of noncombustible material that, in the form in which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 3500 Btu per lb (8141 kJ/kg) and complies with one of the following, (a) or (b). Materials subject to increase in combustibility or flame spread rating beyond the limits herein established through the effects of age, moisture, or other atmospheric condition shall be considered combustible. (a) Materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) that has a flame spread rating not greater than 50. (b) Materials, in the form and thickness used, other than as described in (a), having neither a flame spread rating greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion and of such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the material on any plane would have neither a flame spread rating greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion. 中国最庞大的资料库下载Miscellaneous Storage.* Storage that does not exceed 12 ft (3.66 m) in height and is incidental to another occupancy use group. Such storage shall not constitute more than 10 percent of the building area or 4000 ft2 (372 m2) of the sprinklered area, whichever is greater. Such storage shall not exceed 1000 ft2 (93 m2) in one pile or area, and each such pile or area shall be separated from other storage areas by at least 25 ft (7.62 m).Noncombustible Material. A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials that are reported as passing ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750C, shall be considered noncombustible materials.Pipe Schedule System. A sprinkler system in which the pipe sizing is selected from a schedule that is determined by the occupancy classification and in which a given number of sprinklers are allowed to be supplied from specific sizes of pipe.Shop-Welded. As used in this standard, shop in the term shop-welded means either (1) a sprinkler contractors or fabricators premise or (2) an area specifically designed or authorized for welding, such as a detached outside location, maintenance shop, or other area (either temporary or permanent) of noncombustible or fire-resistive construction free of combustible and flammable contents and suitably segregated from adjacent areas.Small Rooms. A room of light hazard occupancy classification having unobstructed construction and floor areas not exceeding 800 ft2 (74.3 m2) that are enclosed by walls and a ceiling. Openings to the adjoining space are permitted if the minimum lintel depth is 8 in. (203 mm) from the ceiling.Sprinkler System.* For fire protection purposes, an integrated system of underground and overhead piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineering standards. The installation includes one or more automatic water supplies. The portion of the sprinkler system aboveground is a network of specially sized or hydraulically designed piping installed in a building, structure, or area, generally overhead, and to which sprinklers are attached in a systematic pattern. The valve controlling each system riser is located in the system riser or its supply piping. Each sprinkler system riser includes a device for actuating an alarm when the system is in operation. The system is usually activated by heat from a fire and discharges water over the fire area.System Working Pressure. The maximum anticipated static (nonflowing) or flowing pressure applied to sprinkler system components exclusive of surge pressures.Thermal Barrier. A material that will limit the average temperature rise of the unexposed surface to not more than 250F (121C) after 15 minutes of fire exposure, which complies with the standard time-temperature curve of NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and Materials.1-4.3 Sprinkler System Type Definitions.Antifreeze Sprinkler System. A wet pipe sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that contains an antifreeze solution and that are connected to a water supply. The antifreeze solution is discharged, followed by water, immediately upon operation of sprinklers opened by heat from a fire.Circulating Closed-Loop Sprinkler System. A wet pipe sprinkler system having non-fire protection connections to automatic sprinkler systems in a closed-loop piping arrangement for the purpose of utilizing sprinkler piping to conduct water for heating or cooling, where water is not removed or used from the system but only circulated through the piping system.Combined Dry Pipe-Preaction Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing air under pressure with a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. Operation of the detection system actuates tripping devices that open dry pipe valves simultaneously and without loss of air pressure in the system. Operation of the detection system also opens listed air exhaust valves at the end of the feed main, which usually precedes the opening of sprinklers. The detection system also serves as an automatic fire alarm system.Deluge Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that is connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers attached thereto.Dry Pipe Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler) permits the water pressure to open a valve known as a dry pipe valve, and the water then flows into the piping system and out the opened sprinklers.Gridded Sprinkler System.* A sprinkler system in which parallel cross mains are connected by multiple branch lines. An operating sprinkler will receive water from both ends of its branch line while other branch lines help transfer water between cross mains.Looped Sprinkler System.* A sprinkler system in which multiple cross mains are tied together so as to provide more than one path for water to flow to an operating sprinkler and branch lines are not tied together.Preaction Sprinkler System.* A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that contains air that might or might not be under pressure, with a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers.Wet Pipe Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by heat from a fire. NFPA 13National Fire Protection Association国家防火协会（美） 自动喷水灭火系统安装标准1999版本版权 1999 NFPA, 所有权受保护NFPA 13自动喷水灭火系统安装标准1999 版本注：数字或字母后的星号(*)指明一个段落的说明性材料可在附录A中查找。 一个段落或正文中的小节中的数字或字母后的箭头()指出说明性试验和关于图表或小节的程序可在附录C中查找。小节或段落结尾处的圆括号()中的内容指明此材料是参考于另一NFPA文献。在圆括号中粗体数字指明文档号码以及之后在文献中可被查到的段落号。参考文献的完整的标题和当前的版本可在参考出版物的章节中被查找。参考文献中的资料可在第十三章和附录E中查找。第一章 说明1-1 范围.本标准规定了设计的最小要求和自动喷水灭火系统的安装及维护，包括性质和适量给水以及喷水装置的选型, 适合的装置, 阀,管路和全部的材料和附件, 包括防火系统主要部分的安装。 本标准包含“联合干管” 既消防用水和生活用水联用，也包含单独的消防用水干管。1-2* 目的.本标准的目的是通过基于可靠的工程原理, 测试数据和经验对自动喷水灭火系统的标准化设计、安装和调试，包括消防干管将火灾中人员伤亡和财产损失降低到合理最低程度。本标准尽力延续已被自动喷水体系确认的优秀记录直到会议决定有技术替代的必要。本标准无意限制新技术,本标准提供的安全等级并未被降低。未被本标准特别指定的原材料和设计需完全符合设计清单的条件、要求和限制。1-2.1一套自动喷水灭火系统和消防独立干管需要是有知识渊博和有经验的设计和安装的专门的灭火系统。1-3 追溯以往条款此文件是考虑到从保护火灾中的人员伤亡和财产损失而需提供的合理的标准。这份标准被发行是反映的是国家的现状和技术。除非被另外声明，本标准的条款无意被应用于本标准生效期前已存在的或被批准建设或安装的设备、仪器或装置。 例外：在那些被权威所肯定存在的情形或对生命和财产造成明显威胁的情形的案例中，标准将被应用。1-4 定义1-4.1 NFPA定义经核准。* 权威所有权限认可。权威所有权限.* 团体, 部门, 或个人可依赖和满意的装备, 材料, 装置或程序。列表.* 设备, 材料, 或维修包括由有关产品或维护的评估和权威所有权限认可的组织出版的列表，设备或原料列出的产品的定期维护检查或定期的保养评估，接受适当指定标准的或者已被测试并被指定目的的适当的制造的设备、原料或维护都被列如列表。Shall. 显示一个强制的必要条件。Should. 指出一个建议或者是被考虑过但未被采用的。Standard. 一个档案, 只包含强制性规定的使用“shall”指出其需要和另一个被法律所采用的标准提及的适当的一般的形式的规定。未被考虑的规定应被定位于附录、脚注或印刷物的注释中而不会被定义在一个标准的必要条件中。1-4.2 一般定义。隔断。一个完整的空间被墙和天花板分隔。如果从天花板到开口深度小于8英寸（203mm）间隔允许和相邻房间有开口相通。吊顶。安装在自动喷水灭火系统下面的天花板系统, 由暴露于热度中会从底座上掉落的热敏感的透明的或不透明的面板组成。民用建筑。一个或多个房间安排一个人住或多个人同住，作为一个住所通常应该有烹饪、生存、卫生和睡眠的设备。根据此标准规定，民用建筑包括旅馆、宿舍、公寓、集体宿舍、避难所的卧室以及类似的建筑。.火势的控制。喷放水以限制火灾的范围以减少热量的释放速度和远离之前临近的易燃物，通过控制气体温度来避免建筑物的危险。火的扑灭。通过直接的手段和足够两的水喷入火场的燃烧物迅速地减慢火场热量的释放速度和扑灭火灾。明显火灾危险。 高层建筑易燃物火灾引发的典型的火灾危险。高层固体堆积物储藏室。不超过12英尺（3.7米）高度的固体堆积物、货盘、储藏箱和储藏架。水力系统。 一个合理的喷水系统，其中管径在压力损失的基础上进行选择以提供一个预先设定的水密度，用每分钟每平方英尺（mm/min）的加仑量表示，或者一个预先设定的每个喷水装置的最小释放压力或流量，它在一个特定的区域上以一定程度合理的均匀布置。有限易燃的材料。用做建筑建设材料，一种不符和非燃烧物质的定义的有不超过3500英国热量单位每b（8141kj/kg）的潜热值（以这种形态而被利用）并且符合以下（a）和（b）之一情况的材料。因为老化，潮湿或其他大气条件的影响而易于增加燃烧性或火焰扩张额度超过这里建立的限制的材料都要认做是可燃的。（a）有非燃烧物质结构基础，铺成平面不超过1/8英寸（3.2mm）的厚度并且火焰扩张等级不大于50的物质。（b）以应用的形式与厚度存在，除了（a）中描述的以外，既没有大于25的火焰扩张等级又没有持续的增面燃烧迹象的物质和一些其表面能通过在任何平面上切开材料而暴露的成分而其火焰扩张等级不大于25又没有持续增面燃烧迹象的物质。混合贮藏室。*高度不超过12英尺（3.66m）并且偶尔用于其他占有使用群体的贮藏室。这些贮藏室不应超过建筑面积的10%或者说是4000平方英尺（372m2）的喷水区域，无论哪一个更大.在一个建筑或区域的这种贮藏室不应该超过1000平方英尺（93m2），并且每一个这样的建筑与区域应该与其他的贮藏区域分开至少25英尺（7.62m）。不燃烧材料。以它被利用的形式并且在预期的条件下，当遭受火灾或受热时不点火，烧焦，支持燃烧或者释放可燃气体的物质。报告已经通过美国材料实验协会E136，垂直管熔炉750度条件材料性能标准测试方法的应被认为是不燃烧材料。管道目录系统。 管道胶料从一个目录中选择的喷水系统通过占有分级来确定，在其中，许多喷水装置允许从具体大小的管道中供应。工程焊接。 在本标准使用时，在术语shop-welded中的shop既有（）一套自动喷水灭火系统的承包人或者制造人的预述的意思又有（）一个原先特定的区域或权威认可的定位焊接，就比如一个分离开外表面的位置、维修车间或者其他的从易燃物和可燃物的区域中隔离出来的不燃物或难燃物的区域（既有临时的也有永久的）。小的房间。 一个不超过800平方英尺（74.3m）有足够照明且畅通无阻的建筑物和走廊被墙壁和天花板隔断。如果从天花板到过梁的最小深度是8英寸（203mm）则允许邻近的房间开口。自动喷水喷头* 为了防火的目的，一套完整的地面下或天花板上的管道系统应与防火工程标准相一致。它的安装应包括一个或多个自动喷水设备。自动喷水系统在地面上的部分是一个特殊尺寸的网络系统或安装于大楼、建筑物或地区中的原有的水力输送管道，一般位于上方，系统图中附有喷水装置图。每个系统的控制阀在系统的起点或它的上水干管处。每个喷头都包括一个在其启动的时候发出警报的设备。喷头通常由火焰的热量启动并在着火区域喷水。喷头工作压力。 最大的预设静压(不流动的) 或动压应用于自动喷水灭火系统形成唯一的高压。热屏蔽。一种在火灾发生后15分钟后限制为暴露表面的热量平均上升以控制其温度不高于250F (121C)，遵守标准中的NFPA251时间-温度曲线，建筑物或材料的耐火实验标准。1-4.3 自动喷水灭火系统分类湿式自动喷水灭火系统。 一套使用自动喷水的使用和供水干管相连的充满水的湿式自动喷水灭火系统。由火场的热量启动在其中的液态水泻出后立即喷水。闭式自动喷水灭火系统。湿的管自动洒水装置所有非-火保护连接到自动机械自动洒水装置在封闭的-环吹笛排列为了利用洒水车吹笛到行为水为了热或冷却, 什么地方水是不远离的或使用从系统但是唯一的流通穿过吹笛系统。干湿式自动喷水灭火系统 一套管道内充满一定压力下的气体的在同一区域有维持压力系统的包含自动喷水喷头的闭式喷水管路系统。在探测器启动后气体平稳流动并保持管内一定压力。在自动喷水装置启动前流尽管内气体。探测系统也可作为自动火灾报警系统。淹没式自动喷水灭火系统。一套附有给水系统的开式喷水系统通过一根供水干管连接供水管网并有安装于和喷头同一位置的探测器启动。当干管开放时所有喷头一起喷水。干式自动喷水灭火系统。一套包含自动喷水喷头的且管路中充满一定压力下的空气或氮气，管路中的气体释放尽后（当喷头动作时），水才能进入管网系统并充满管道于喷头泻出。枝状自动喷水灭火系统* 一套管路为多重分支连接并平行交叉于干管的给水系统。喷水系统启动时水可以从两条供水分支供给，当另一条供水支管穿过干管中间。网状自动喷水灭火系统。* 一套从干管到启动的喷头处有多于一条供水支管并且供水支管不交叉相连的自动喷水灭火系统。预作用式自动喷水灭火系统。* 一套管道中可能有压力空气或着没有压力空气的附有供水系统的自动喷水灭火系统，在和喷头相同位置安装有补足的探测器。湿式管路自动喷水灭火系统。一套包含自动喷水喷头且和供水干管相连接的自动喷水灭火系统，当喷头由于火场的热量而动作时能立即喷水灭火。
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