暨南大学《项目管理》chapter16oversigh

管理学院 School of Management 佟瑞 Edward Tong，MPM，MBA2023-2-11Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University OversightCHAPTER SIXTEEN Copyright 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin163Where We Are Now164Project Oversight Project Oversight A set of principles and processes to guide and improve the management of projects.Oversights Purposes:To ensure projects meet the organizational needs for standards,procedures,accountability,efficient allocation of resources,and continuous improvement in the management of projects To support the project manager165Oversight Activities At the Organization Level Project selection.Portfolio management.Improving how all projects are managed over time.Assessing and elevating the maturity level of the organizations project management system.Using balanced scorecard approach to review progress on strategic priorities.At the Project Level Review projects objectives.Decide on issues raised by the project manager.Track and assist the project to resolve bottlenecks.Review status reports from the project manager.Audit and review lessons learned.Authorize major deviations from the original scope.Cancel the project.166Importance of Oversight to the Project Manager Oversight Functions:Providing support and help to the project manager where needed.Determining the environment in which the project manager will implement his or her project.Influence the performance measures used to hold the project manager responsible and accountable.Providing the oversight group to which the project manager will reporting at predetermined phases in the project.167Current and Future Trends in Project Management Forces for Change Global competition,knowledge explosion,innovation,time to market,and shortened product life cycles Two Major Outcomes for the 21st Century:An increase in the scope of project management and system integration.The focus of projects has shifted from tactical to strategic.An increasing discipline in the way projects are managed.168Increasing Scope of Project Management and System Integration Portfolio Project Management The centralized management of projects to ensure that the allocation of resources to projects is directed toward projects that contribute the greatest value to organization goals.Project Office(PO)The unit responsible for continued support of consistent application of selection criteria,standards,and processes;training of and general assistance to project managers;and continued improvement and use of best practices.169Project Portfolio Cost Summary Report for Top Management1610Project Portfolio Schedule Summary Report for Project Schedules1611Phase Gate Methodology Phase Gate Review ProcessA structured process to review,evaluate,and document outcomes in each project phase and to provide management with information to guide resource deployment toward strategic goals.Decision Gate ComponentsRequired deliverablesGate criteria and specific outputs1.A clear yes/no decision on whether to go ahead.1612Abridged Generic Phase Gate Process Diagram1613Organization Project Management in the Long Run Capability Maturity Model(CMM)Focuses on guiding and assessing organizations in implementing concrete best practices of managing software development projects.Organizational Project Maturity Model(OPM3)Is divided into a continuum of growth levels:initial,repeatable,defined,managed,and optimized.1614Project Management Maturity Model1615The Balanced Scorecard Model Balanced Scorecard Model Assumes that people will take the necessary actions to improve the performance of the organization on the given measures and goals.Reviews projects over a longer horizon5 to 10 years after the project is implemented than other models.Has a more“macro”perspective than project selection models.Measures performance results for four major areas of activitiescustomer,internal,innovation and learning,and financial.1616Key TermsBalance scorecardOversightPhase gatingPortfolio managementProject management maturityProject office(PO)1617Increasing Discipline in the Way Projects Are ManagedProjectManagementDisciplineOrganizationCultureMulticulturalProjectsInformationTechnologyRiskManagementOutsourcingTraining1618Unresolved IssuesHow far can virtual project management evolve?How do we manage projects under high levels of uncertainty?1619Project Management Career Issues1620Increasing Discipline in the Way Projects Are Managed Training Uniform training extending across team makeup,team culture,outside partners,and organization support allows for standardization in practices and processes related to projects.Organization Culture A system of shared beliefs supports organizational flexibility in meeting the challenges of managing projects in globalized competitive environments.1.The term that is used to reflect how organizations oversee their project management systems is:A.Project administrationB.Fiduciary responsibilityC.ManagementD.OversightE.Project regulation2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 212.Which of the following is not one of the techniques to insure that projects meet the needs of the organization?A.StandardsB.ProceduresC.AccountabilityD.ControlsE.All of these are correct2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 223.Which of the follow percentages is the authors estimate of project-driven organizations that have been implementing some form of oversight for several years?A.95%B.90%C.85%D.80%E.75%2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 234.Typical activities of project oversight cover which of the following dimensions?A.OrganizationB.ProjectC.CustomerD.Both A and B are correctE.All the above are correct 2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 245.Organizational options to cover every aspect of managing projects in the organization are currently achieved by all of the following except:A.Executive committeeB.Oversight groupC.Project officeD.Both B and C are correctE.All the above are correct2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 256.The importance of the increase in project oversight to todays project manager includes all of the following except:A.Increase in expected profits from projectsB.Increased interest in supporting and helping the project managerC.Impact on the environment in which the project will be implementedD.Impact on how the project managers performance will be measuredE.The reporting of project progress to an oversight group2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 267.The centralized management of projects to ensure that the allocation of resources to projects is directed toward projects that contribute the greatest value to organization goals is known as:A.Portfolio Project ManagementB.Project Office ManagementC.Project Management OptimizationD.Project Priority Matrix ManagementE.Resource Allocation Optimization2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 278.Which of the following is responsible for the continued support of consistent application of selection criteria,standards,processes,training,and general assistance to project managers and continued improvement and use of best practices?A.Portfolio Project ManagementB.Project Office ManagementC.Project Management OptimizationD.Project Priority Matrix ManagementE.Resource Allocation Optimization2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 289.Which of the following firms use project offices to coordinate projects and to ensure best practices are being used to manage projects?A.Hewlett PackardB.International Business MachinesC.DellD.Both A and B are correctE.All the above are correct2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 2910.Project Management Office functions typically include all of the following except:A.Create and maintain the internal project management information systemB.Recruit and select project managersC.Train personnel in project management techniquesD.Develop risk management programsE.All of these are typically included2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3011.Project Management Office functions typically include all of the following except:A.Establish standardized project planning and reporting methodologiesB.Audit ongoing and recently completed projectsC.Provide in-house project management consultingD.Select which projects to undertakeE.All of these are typically included2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3112.Project offices are known to result in positive benefits such as:A.A bridge between senior management and project managersB.Support integration of all project management processesC.Training to support a higher level of project management maturityD.Both A and B are correctE.All of these are correct2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3213.The in-depth review of individual projects at specific phases in the project life cycle is known as:A.Project Assessment Checkpoint ReviewsB.Go/Kill Decision Review MethodologyC.Phase Gate MethodologyD.Stargate Review MethodologyE.None of these are correct2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3314.The original Stage-GateTM model included all the following stages except:A.Preliminary investigationB.Detailed investigationC.Testing and validationD.Production and market launchE.All of these were included2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3415.The abridged,generic phase gated process includes how many Go/Kill decision points?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.SixE.Seven2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3516.During which of the following phase gates would the question of Does this project align with our strategic direction?be answered?A.ProposalB.Screening and selectionC.ImplementationD.ProgressE.Closure2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3617.During which of the following phase gates would the question of What are the projects ROI and/or non-financial benefits?be answered?A.ProposalB.SelectionC.ImplementationD.ProgressE.Closure2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3718.During which of the following phase gates would the question of Are the resources needed identified and available?be answered?A.ProposalB.Screening and selectionC.ImplementationD.ProgressE.Closure2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3819.During which of the following phase gates would the question of Are time,costs,and scope performances within acceptable limits?be answered?A.ProposalB.Screening and selectionC.ImplementationD.Progress evaluationE.Closure2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3920.Which of the following is not one of the growth levels in the Organizational Project Maturity Model(OPM3TM)?A.RepeatableB.DefinedC.ManagedD.ExpandedE.Optimized2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4021.The first appearance of standard approaches to managing projects including scope statements and WBS occurs in which of the following Maturity Model Levels?A.Ad Hoc Project ManagementB.Formal Application of Project ManagementC.Institutionalization of Project ManagementD.Management of Project Management SystemE.Optimization of Project Management System2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4122.Risk assessment derived from WBS and technical analyses and customer input is in place occurs in which of the following Maturity Model Levels?A.Ad Hoc Project ManagementB.Formal Application of Project ManagementC.Institutionalization of Project ManagementD.Management of Project Management SystemE.Optimization of Project Management System2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4223.Project audits are performed on all significant projects and lessons learned are recorded and used on subsequent projects occurs in which of the following Maturity Model Levels?A.Ad Hoc Project ManagementB.Formal Application of Project ManagementC.Institutionalization of Project ManagementD.Management of Project Management SystemE.Optimization of Project Management System2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4324.An informal culture that values improvement drives the organization,not policies and procedures occurs in which of the following Maturity Model Levels?A.Ad Hoc Project ManagementB.Formal Application of Project ManagementC.Institutionalization of Project ManagementD.Management of Project Management SystemE.Optimization of Project Management System2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4425.The use of an organization-wide project management system tailored to specific needs of the organization is established in which of the following Maturity Model Levels?A.Ad Hoc Project ManagementB.Formal Application of Project ManagementC.Institutionalization of Project ManagementD.Management of Project Management SystemE.Optimization of Project Management System2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4526.The development of a system for managing multiple projects that are aligned with strategic goals is established in which of the following Maturity Model Levels?A.Ad Hoc Project ManagementB.Formal Application of Project ManagementC.Institutionalization of Project ManagementD.Management of Project Management SystemE.Optimization of Project Management System2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4627.The focus is on continuous improvement through incremental advancements of existing practices and by innovations using new technologies and methods is established in which of the following Maturity Model Levels?A.Ad Hoc Project ManagementB.Formal Application of Project ManagementC.Institutionalization of Project ManagementD.Management of Project Management SystemE.Optimization of Project Management System2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4728.The balanced scorecard model differs from selection models by reviewing projects over A.1-3 yearsB.2-4 yearsC.4-7 yearsD.5-10 yearsE.e.10-15 years2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4829.Which of the following is not one of the four performance goals measures in the scorecard model?A.customerB.internalC.financial measuresD.industry standardsE.innovation and learning2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 49The end 2023-2-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 50