小测三阅读理解解题技巧(寻找主题句的方法)

小测三小测三阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解解题技巧寻找主题句的方法寻找主题句的方法新闻报道新闻报道导语提携全文导语提携全文议论文议论文 总总-分分-总总（论点论据结论）（论点论据结论）说明文说明文主题句主题句（首中尾）（首中尾）记叙文记叙文记叙文六要素记叙文六要素识别文体识别文体,找主题句找主题句寻找主题句的方法寻找主题句的方法(一一)记叙文记叙文:文中一般没有明显的主题句文中一般没有明显的主题句 夹叙夹议文夹叙夹议文:主题句常在议论中主题句常在议论中 说明文说明文:一般在首段一般在首段 议论文议论文:一般为总分总模式一般为总分总模式,即主题句（作即主题句（作 者的观点）者的观点）常在首段或末段（作常在首段或末段（作 者观点的重申）。当然，由于写者观点的重申）。当然，由于写 作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段 文章中间。文章中间。寻找主题句的方法寻找主题句的方法(二二)文中出现的文中出现的连词连词1.转折：转折：however,but,yet,on the contrary,by contrast,in this instance,（例如（例如 Passage E)2.因果：因果：so/therefore，3.让步：让步：though,although,in spite of,despite4.一些常见但在文章中间出现有一定目的的词一些常见但在文章中间出现有一定目的的词：in fact（例如（例如 Passage C,在文章的第二段第三在文章的第二段第三句）句）,The study shows that（例如（例如 Passage A,在在文章的第一段第一句）文章的第一段第一句）,in short,in conclusion,all in all,in a word等等）,这些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句这些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句。Passage E In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market,Ford,General Motors,and Chrysler are employing even more workers than before.The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not made American auto workers lose their jobs as some experts predicted.Ford operates as far as Asia,and General Motors is considered one of Australias biggest employers.Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable society.Which of the following statements best express the main idea of the paragraph?A.General Motors is one of the largest car producers.B.Ford operates not only in the USA but also in Asia.C.The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American auto workersD.The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American auto workers.当出现两种或当出现两种或两种两种以上的观点时，过渡词（以上的观点时，过渡词（however,but,yet,on the contrary,by contrast,in this instance等后引出另一观点，一般转折后的观点是作等后引出另一观点，一般转折后的观点是作者的观点，作者的观点才是全文主旨。者的观点，作者的观点才是全文主旨。寻找主题句的方法寻找主题句的方法(三三)首段出现疑问句时首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是对该问题的解答就是文章主旨文章主旨.（例如（例如 Passage C,在文章的第一在文章的第一段第一句提出问题，在第二段给出答案）段第一句提出问题，在第二段给出答案）（四）（四）从段落中从段落中归纳要点归纳要点抓大意，理清线索抓大意，理清线索.有些文章或段落无明显的主题句有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地只是暗示性地体现主题体现主题.这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的所叙述的事实事实或提供的或提供的线索线索来概括总结主旨大意。来概括总结主旨大意。（例如（例如Passage F)或者或者对每段文章的段意进行对每段文章的段意进行归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括出归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括出主旨大意。主旨大意。（例如（例如 Passage B)寻找主题句的方法寻找主题句的方法 Passage F Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin University.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail（五）（五）从段落中从段落中寻找高频词寻找高频词 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即现的中心词，即高频词高频词，也叫做，也叫做主题词。主题词。（例如（例如 Passage G)寻找主题句的方法寻找主题句的方法 A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system.It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day,which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city.As part of the project,two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city,one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south.The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide,providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel.The lighting is at the top of the tunnel,practically at its highest point.There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals.They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers.The wall is made up of four main elements,which include a waterproofing covering and,on the inside of the tunnel,a concrete lining.Passage G Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat.The surface of the road lies on the base,which is made of concrete and steel.The drainage system,just below the road surface on one side,removes any extra liquid,particularly water.In the event of fire,the fire main,which is made of steel,pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel.The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface.Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.75.The passage is mainly about _.A.the construction of a road B.the design of a road C.the construction of two tunnels D.the design of two tunnels 第二步第二步:推敲选项推敲选项,排除干扰排除干扰推敲选项正误的推敲选项正误的5个小窍门个小窍门:根据第一步寻找主题句根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词找出关键词,与四与四个选项进行匹配个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案选出最合适恰当的答案 正确选项常含有概括性的词语正确选项常含有概括性的词语 正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词 正确选项应能概括全文正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面内容全面,含义深含义深刻或说明道理刻或说明道理 四个选项中四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案选项中往往有一个是正确答案第二步第二步:推敲选项推敲选项,排除干扰排除干扰干扰项的特点干扰项的特点:概括范围太窄概括范围太窄,常为文中具体信息或某个段常为文中具体信息或某个段落大意落大意概括范围太宽概括范围太宽,所表达内容常超出文章阐述所表达内容常超出文章阐述的内容的内容无关信息无关信息:即文中未提到或找不到语言依即文中未提到或找不到语言依据的信息据的信息,但看起来又是对的但看起来又是对的.第二步第二步:推敲选项推敲选项,排除干扰排除干扰标题的特点标题的特点:简练简练,全面全面,范围合理范围合理,常为名词常为名词.忌忌:范围太大范围太大,过于笼统过于笼统,范围太小范围太小(常用文中细节或某段段落大意常用文中细节或某段段落大意来混淆来混淆).Good luck&Successs ahead!