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语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 中 考 考 点 1 动词不定式 作主语、宾语、表 语、宾语补足语、定语、状语的用 法。 2 动名词 的用法。 3 现在分词 和 过去分词 的用法。 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 考点一 动词不定式 动词不定式的构成： to动词原形 。它没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式的 用法： 1 作主语 常用 it作形式主语、将真正的主语 (动词不定式 )置 于句末。 To ask the teacher for help is necessary. It is necessary to ask the teacher for help. 向老师求教是必要的。 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 2 作宾语 (1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有： want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn， remember, forget, would like, love等。如： I hope _ there before dark. 我希望天黑以前到那儿。 (2)在 think, find, make等动词后通常用 it作形式宾语 ，而把 不定式移至形容词之后，构成“ 主语动词 it(形式宾语 )宾 补 (形容词 /名词 )不定式” 结构。如： I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 to get 3作宾语补足语 (1)后面能接带 to的不定式作宾补的动词有： tell， ask， allow， want， help， wish， teach， warn， invite， like， encourage等。如： The teacher told us _ Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。 (2)在 使役动词 let， make， have和感官动词 see， hear, watch, notice, feel, find等后要用不带 to的动词不定式作宾补 。 但是，当上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上 to。 如： We often hear her sing. 我们经常听见她唱歌。 被动语态： She is often heard to sing. to do 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 4作状语 Later he left home to work in different cities. 后来他离开家到不同的城市工作。 5作定语 (须后置 ) I dont have a partner to practice English with. 我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。 6 作表语 Their duty is _ the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 to look after 7. “疑问词不定式”结构 动词不定式可以和疑问词 what, which, when, where, how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、 宾语补足语等。如： He doesnt know _. 他不知道要穿什么。 (作宾语 ) Where to go has not been decided. 要去哪里还未决定。 (作主语 ) 提醒 动词不定式的否定结构是： not to do sth。 what to wear 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 考点二 动名词 1 作主语 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 2 作宾语 常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有： enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help等 。 Have you finished _ the book?你读完这本书了吗？ 3 作表语 The nurses job is _ the patients. 护士的工作是护理病人。 4 作定语 I often go to the _. 我经常去阅览室。 reading looking after 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 reading room 提醒 有些词既可接不定式又可接 v.ing形式作宾语，但表达 的意义不同，常见的有： (1)stop to do sth停下来去做另外一件事 (不定式作目的状语 ) stop doing sth停止做某事 (v.ing作宾语 ) (2)try to do sth 试图 (企图 )做某事 try doing sth尝试着做某事 (3)forget to do sth忘记要去做某事 (还没做 ) forget doing sth忘记做过了某事 (已做 ) (4)remember to do sth记着要去做某事 (还没做 ) remember doing sth记得做过了某事 (已做 ) (5)go on to do sth做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事 go on doing sth继续做原来所做的同一件事 (6)need doing(某事 )需要做 (被动意思 ) need to do 需要去做某事 (主动意思 ) 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 考点三 分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。 现在分词 v.ing，有主动、 进行之意； 过去分词 v.ed，有被动、完成之意。 1 作定语 China is a _ country. America is a _ country. 中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。 I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。 2 作表语 The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。 developing developed 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 3 作宾语补足语 I saw her going upstairs.我看见她正在上楼。 I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍几张照片。 4 作状语 Laughing and talking, they went into the room. 他们有说有笑地走进了房间。 Faced with difficulties， we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 用所给词的适当形式填空 1 Its very nice of you _( help) me. 2 Hes interested in _(play) chess. 3 Please stop _ (smoke). Its bad for you. 4 The kids had fun _ (swim) in the water. 5 She didnt know which sweater _ (choose) 6 We decided _(visit) the Great Wall. 考 点 过 关 to help playing smoking swimming to choose to visit 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 7 Id like you _ (go) shopping with me. 8 Why not _ (join) an English club to practice _(speak) English? 9 As we all know, its impolite to keep others _ (wait) for a long time. 10 My computer doesnt work. I must have it _ (repair) 11 They spent two hours _ (clean) the classroom. 12 John used to _(get) up late, but now hes used to _ (get) up early. waiting repaired cleaning get getting 语法互动 (十一 ) 非谓语动词 speaking join to go
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