虚拟语气(顺口溜).ppt

高三英语语法 （十二） 虚拟语气 一 .虚拟语气的类型 1、实际意义上的虚拟语气。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 2、虚拟语气形式。 The order was that we (should) stay where we were. 二 .实际意义上的虚拟语气 1、小小顺口溜 虚拟语气并不难 , 从句时态都提前 , 主句 would加在前，注意动词要还原。 （省略 if要倒装） e.g. 1） If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms. 2） If we had left earlier, we wouldnt have missed the train. 3） I wish I were as clever as you 2、虚拟语气在 条件句 中的应用 所述 情况 if 从句 主句 与过 去相 反 if + 主语 + had done 主语 + would/ could/ might/should + have done 与现 在相 反 if + 主语 + did （ be动词用 were） 主语 +would/ could/ might/should + do 与将 来相 反 if + 主语 + did if + 主语 + were to + do if + 主语 + should + do 主语 + would/ could/ might/should do 此表中需要注意几点： 1 be动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用 were。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔 也用 was。如： If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2 主句 中的 should通常用于第 一 人称， would, could以及 might可以用于各种人称。 3在表示与 将来 事实相反的 条件句 中，只能用 should，而不能用 would, could和 might等。如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. （ should rain也可以用 rained, were to rain代替） 4、主句和 if条件句时态不一致 （单独虚拟） 。如： If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now. If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work. 含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现 if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句。 1用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有 with, without, but for等。如： We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=If we hadnt got your help). What would you do with a million dollars? But for the rain（ =If it hadnt been for the rain） , we would have finished the work. 2. 假设的情况又是可以通过 上下文 或其他方式表 现出来。如： 1） He would have given you more help, but he has been ill. 2） I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt been ill, ) but, otherwise连接的两个并列的分句存在 单独 虚拟 现象，即： 一个 分句为 虚拟 句， 另一个 分句为 真实 句。 3） It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didnt help him.) Anyone in her position would have done the same. 有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟 语气。 4） Suppose we told her the truth. 5） Imagine your child played truant. 省略 if的情况 如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词 （ were, had, should或 could ） 时，可 省略 if，把从 句中的 were, had或 should或 could提到其主语前形 成 倒装结构 。如： Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty. Should there be a flood, what should we do? 3、实际意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用 （ 从句时态都提前 ） wish后 that引导的宾语从句中。如： I wish I were as clever as you. I wish he would try again. （表示与将来事实相反） as if（ though） 引导的表语从句或方式状语从句 中。如： He looks as if/though he were an artist. would rather后的宾语从句中。 （ would rather 后 不能加 that。） 从句谓语用 一般过去时 来表示与现在或将来要做 的相反的事情，用 过去完成时 来表示与过去发生 的相反的事情。如： Id rather you didnt go there.(与将来相反） Id rather we had a rest now. （与现在相反） Id rather you had been here yesterday. （与过去 相反） If only引导的感叹句中。如： If only I were a bird. （我要是只鸟就好了。） 三 .虚拟语气形式 1)复合句中含有 suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建议、安排 ） demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, (要求、渴望 ） insist, order（ 坚持、命令 ） 等 ,以及其派生词 （如： suggestion, advice idea) 复合句中所含有的 名词性从句 中的谓语动词要用 should do, should 可以省略。如： The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 注意 ：当 suggest作 “ 暗示、表明 ” 讲， insist作 “ 坚持说 ” 讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，后边 that从 句不用虚拟语气。如： Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. The look on his face suggested that he was angry. 2) 在 It is + 形容词 (necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that从句中，从句中的谓语动词要 用 should do, should 可以省略。如： Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 3）在 It is/was a pity（ a shame, no wonder, etc. ） + that从句中，从句中的谓语动词要用 should do, should 可以省略。如： It was a pity that our team should lose the game. 当然上面 2) 、 3)两类的 that从句中也可以 不用 虚拟语气， 而 用陈述语气。 如： It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant dance. 4) It is（ high/about） time（ that sb. did） 句式 中常用动词的过去式。 此句型表示 “ 该 ” ，用来表示提议。如： It is high time we started out. 5) 以 in order that, so that(或起同样作用的 that)引 起的从句中谓语动词多用 may或 might加动词原形 构成，在口语中也常用 can或 could加动词原形。如： She stayed at home for a few days so that she might (could) take care of her mother. 6)以 for fear that 和 in case that引起的从句中，位 于动词多用 should do. 如： He took his raincoat with him in case that/ for fear that it should rain. 四 .某些表祝愿的句子也需要用虚拟语气。 1）用原形 Long live world peace! God bless you! 2) 由 may 加动词原形构成 May you be happy all your life.