《虚拟语气》PPT课件.ppt

09年高考语法复习系列 1、 if引导的非真实条件句； 虚拟语气的考点 2、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法； 3、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用； 4、虚拟语气在简单句中的应用。 If + 主 + did(were), 主 +would/should/ could/might +动词原形 If I were you, I would try it again. 1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。 2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。 If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane. 与现在事实相反的非真实条件句 If +主 +had done sth, 主 +would/should/ could/might +动词完成式（ have done） If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam. 如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。 与过去事实相反的非真实条件句 与将来事实相反的非真实条件句 If he came/ were to come/ should come here tomorrow, I would tell him. 如果他明天来的话 ,我会告诉他 . If + 主 + did(were to do/should do), 主 +would/should/could/might +动词原形 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 if从句动词 主句动词 与过去事实 相反 与现在事实 相反 与将来事实 相反 had done did/were 1. did would/should/could /might have done would/should/could/ might do 2. were to do 3. should do 1. If you _tomorrow, you _ find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; would C. will come; should D. comes; might .- If he _, he _that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken . If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going . A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 1) If you _ (be) in my place, you would do the same thing. 2) If I had learned English well, I _ (be) able to talk with native speakers. 3) If you _ (visit) our school tomorrow, you would see how beautiful it is. 4、用括号里的动词的正确形式填空 were would have been visited/should visit/were to visit 在非真实条件句中，如果 含有助动词 were, had, should, 可将 if 省略，并将 were, had, should放在主语前，构成倒装句 式。 Were I you, I would try it again. 2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. 1. If I were you, I would try it again. 3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. EXERCISE 在非真实条件句中，有时 条件句的动作和主句动作发生 的时间是 不一致 的，这时， 动 词的形式要根据它所表示的时 间来调整 ，这叫 混合虚拟条件 句 或 错综时间条件句 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份 工作了。 （从句说明过去，主句说明现在。） 1. If he _ that operation two years ago, he _ in better health now. A. had, is B. had had, would be C. had, were D. had had, would have been 2. If I _ you, I _ to her birthday party last night. A. am, will go B. was, would go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone 有时假设的情况 并不是以条件句 的形式 表示，而是通过一些 介词 短 语或 上下文 等方式表现出来，这种 句子叫 含蓄虚拟条件句 ，其作用与 非真实条件句一样，并且可以转换 为非真实条件句 or, otherwise, with, without, but for, under等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件 句中 But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier. (=If it had not been for the storm, I would have arrived) Without the storm I would have arrived much earlier. (= If I had not been too busy， I would have attended the meeting.) She came here yesterday, otherwise /or I would not have met her. (=If she had not come , I would not have met her. ) I would have attended the meeting, but I have been too busy. 用括号里的动词的正确形式填空 1. I _ (come) to your party, but I didnt have time. 2. Without electricity, human life _ (be) different today. would have come would be 虚拟语气特殊句型 1. wish 的宾语从句 would/could/might +V. 现在 : 过去时（ were） 过去 : 过去完成时 将来 : Exercises: 1. “ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. have D. will 2. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there. A. was B. were C. had been D. went 3. Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach 2. would rather that 现在： 过去： 将来： 过去时 过去完成时 过去时 1. I would rather you _ (pay) me now. 2. I would rather you _ (not tell) her the news. 3. I would rather you _ (come) tomorrow. paid hadnt told came 3. Its (about/high) time +that - 过去时 should +V. 我们该去睡觉了。 Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed. =Its time for us to go to bed. 现在： 过去： 将来 : did /were had done would+动词原形 4. as if /though + Clause as if /though引导的从句表达的内容 很可 能发生 或是 事实 时，要用 陈述 语气；若 表达的内容 与事实不符合 ，或发生的 可 能性不大 时，要用 虚拟 语气 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 2. The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man. A. is B. will be C. am D. were 3. The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain. A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would 5. If only 1. If only I _ (know) his name now! 2. If only we _ (follow) your advice last time! 3. If only I _ (see) him again next year! knew had followed could see 现在 : 过去时（ were） 过去 : 过去完成时 将来 : would/could/might +V. (1) 要是就好了 = I wish (2) = as long as 常用陈述语气 . We can surely overcome these difficulties if only we are closely united. 如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜 一切困难 . 6. If it were not for If it had not been for If it were not for the leadership of the Party, we could not live a happy life. If it had not been for the heavy rain, we could have climbed the mountain yesterday. 要不是因为 虚拟语气在名词 性从句中的应用 表示要求、命令、建议的从句中 ,谓语 通常用“ （ should） +V原形 ” 常见动词 : 一个 坚持 , 两个 命令 , 三个 建 议 , 四个 要求 1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose 4). demand, require, request, desire 1） insist作“坚决（主张），坚决（要求）”解 时，表示一个 主张 或一种 看法 ，后接的宾语从 句采用 虚拟语气 ；作“坚持（说）”，表示一 个 事实 ，后接的从句采用 陈述语气 。 Mike insisted that he _ never _ (steal) anything. Mike insisted that he _ (leave) for London now. 注意： had stolen should leave 2） suggest作“ 表明，暗示 ”用 陈述语气 ；作“ 建 议 ”时才用 虚拟语气 。 His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill. He suggested that we _ (finish) it before dark. was (should) finish It is suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) + that 从句 谓语动词用 ( should )+ 动词原 形 这些动词构成的主语从句也要使用 虚拟 语气， 常应用于以下句型中： 这些动词的 名词形式 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire后面的 表语从句 和 同位语从句 也要用 虚拟语气 ，谓语动词用 (should) + 动词原形 My idea is that we (should) do exercises first. 6.在主语从句中，如果表示惊奇、不相信、 惋惜、理应如此等，那么谓语动词要用 “ (should)+V原形 ” 。 常用于： It is necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that 从句 It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) +that从句 1. It is important that we (master) a foreign language. 2. It is a pity that you (be) so careless. 3. Its necessary that we (study) hard. ( should ) master should be should study 1. I _ (help) you with your work if I _ (be) free now, but Im too busy. 2. If we _ (leave) twenty minutes earlier yesterday, we _ (catch) the first train. 3. If she _ (come) here tomorrow, she _ (tell) me that. We know she will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 4. If I _ (see) him tomorrow, I will give it to him. 用括号里的动词的正确形式填空 would help were had left would have caught came/were to come/should come might tell see 5. I wish I _ (see) you now. 6. I wish I _ (have) a room of my own when I was a boy. 7. I suggested that he _ (go) there at once. 8. He insisted he _ (send) to the city. 9. His expression suggested that he _ (pass) the test. 10. She insisted that she _ (not take) it. had had (should) go (should) be sent had passed hadnt taken saw 11. The idea that we _ (go) to Beijing by air came true. 12. It is necessary that they _ (finish) their work next Monday. 13. It is important that they _ (do) it in another way. 14. It is time that I _ (go) to bed. 15. If only I _ (take) his advice before. (should) go should finish should do went had taken 16. If only I _ (be) a bird. 17. If it _ (be) not for the rain, the crops should (would) die. 18. He looks as if he _ (be) an artist. 19. She speaks English so fluently as if she _ (study) English in England. 20. Id rather she _ ( not visit) him yesterday were were were had studied hadnt visited 2. would rather that 现在： 过去： 将来： 过去时 过去完成时 过去时 1. I would rather you _ (pay) me now. 2. I would rather you _ (not tell) her the news. 3. I would rather you _ (come) tomorrow. paid hadnt told came 1.The students_ busily when Miss brown went to get a book she had left in the office. A.wrote B.had written C.were writing D.write A 2.-Have you moved into the new house? -not yet,the rooms _. A.painted B. was painting C.are being painted D.has painted 3.I first met Lisa 3 years ago.she _ at a radio shop at that time/then. A.worked B.workes C.was working D.has worked 4.-are you still busy? -yes,I _my work,and it wont take long. A.just finish B.am just finishing C.have just finished D.am just going to finish