考研英语二作文

图表作文（一）第二节图表作文的出题形式例1题目：Changes in Peoples DietStudy the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table.Write three paragraphs to:1 .state the changes in peoples diet（饮食）in the past five years;2 .give possible reasons fbr the changes;3 .draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible.例2题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton CityRemember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1 .Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2 .Possible reason（s）for the decline of car accidents in the city;3 .Your predictions of what will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.例3 For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries.Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions（given in Chinese）:1 .以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命（life expectancy）和婴儿死亡率（infant mortality）的变化情况2 .说明引起变化的各种原因从以上例子可见，图表作文-一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1）用文字描述图表，客观解糕图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势；2）就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。第三节图表作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：1）认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系；2）确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据；3）编列文章的提纲；4）根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡；5）检查与修改。图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议图表作文常用的句型(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法)According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph,we can see/conclude ihaL.根据该右图，我们可知(2)The table/graph reveals(show 3/indicates/illustrates/ieprosenints out)that该表/图表明(3)A s w e can see ftom the table* As can be seen from the line/bar graph. As is shown(illustrated/indicated)in the pie chart.如表/图所示，描述增减变化常用的句型Com pared w ith*,is still increased byThe num beroP*grew /rose fium(3)A n increase is show n in*;then cam e a sharp increase of*In1he num berrem ains the sam e/cliops to* There w as a very slight(small/slow/gradual)rise/increase in 1990.T herew asaverysteady(marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/dramatic)drop(decrease/decline/faH/reduction)in 1998/compared with that of last year).下面是根据例2的题R要求写的范文。(l)From the graph,w e can see that the num berof car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 199(X2)The first tw o m on ths of 1990 show ed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June From June on,the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in AugusK5)A fter August the rate began to decline remarkably,and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the ydfiilherefoieVs obvious that car accident in W alton city declined in 1990主题句/概述表格反映的内容T5)反映交通事故的变化情况小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势(7)T here are several reasons for the declii48)F irst,a new traffic law w as m ade and came into force.(9) It prov ided that in sum m er every carm ustbe air-conditioned/10)A s a result,the h ighest rate in August,when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents,dropped steadilDSecond,new roads were built and some narmw streets were widened,which quickened the flow of trafi33F in ally, the city adm inistation m ade great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic ru旗)主题句原因/措施一(9)解释措施一/次要辅助采取措施一后的结果(1D原因/措施二原因/措施三(13)W ith all these new m easuresjm sure the rate of car accidents in W alton city w Hl go on falling this yead13)总结：展望未来的情况第四节、图表作文练习及其参考范文下面是写作练习，在写作的过程中注意审题，考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。练习1： Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in Peoples Diet.Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table.Write three paragraphs to:1.state the changes in peoples diet(饮食)in the past five years;2 .give possible reasons for the changes;3 .draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible.(DAs is shown in the table,there have been great changes in peoples diet between 1986 and 1990.(2)Fiom the table,we can find that grain,form erly the m ain food of m ost C hinese people,is now playing a less important role in peofflWsndiiethe sam e goes for fin it and vegetables.(4)0 n the other hand,the consum ption of high -nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly.(5)W hat has caused these changes? here are m ainly three reasons住题句).(6)First,people are much wealthier than before.(7)With higher income,they can afford to buy nutritious foods.(8)Second,people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health.(9)Lack of certain amount of meat or milk,for example,will result in poor health/10)Finally,owing to the economic reform,meat and milk,which were scarce in the pasture produced in large quantities.(11)Although milk and meat are important to ones health,eating too much rich food may result in obesity and may other diseases.(12)Therefore,people should not only eat a lot of milk and me at, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.图表作文(二)一、图表作文写作常识1、图形种类及概述法：泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart直方图或柱形图：bar chart/histogram趋势曲线图：line chart/curve diagram 表格图：table流程图或过程图：flow chart/sequence diagram程序图：processing/procedures diagram2、常用的描述用条The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) According to the table/chart diagram/graph As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures figures/statistics shows (that)It can be seen from the figures/statisties We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that)table/chart/di agram/graph shows/descri bes/i 11 ustrates how3、图表中的数据(Data)具体表达法数据(Data)在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time 持续变化的data在不同情况下：增力: increase/raise/rise/go up减少：decrease/grow down/drop/fall波动：fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave稳定：remain stable/stabi 1 ize/level off最常用的两种表达法：动词+副词形式(Verb+Adverb form)形容词+名词形式(Adjective+Noun form)二、相关常用词组1、主章开头图表类型：table chart、diagramgraph column charts pie graph 描述：show、describeillustratecan be seen frorn clear、apparentreveal、represent 内容：figure statistic number、percentage proportion 2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组 rapid/rapidly迅速的，K快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly有意义的，丽:大的，而要的 sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply急剧升降的 steady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly轻微的、略微地 stable/stabiy 稳定的3、其它在描述中的常用到的词 significant changes图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 during the same period 在同一时期 grow/grew 增长 distribute分布，区别 unequally不相等地in the case of adv.在的情况下in terms oi/in respect ofYregarding 在方面in contrast相反，大不相同 government policy 政府政策market forces市场规率measure n.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节forecast n冼见，预见v.预测三、英语图表写作套句精选1 .the table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto该表格描述了在年之年间数量的变化。2 .the bar chart illustrates that该柱状图展示了3 .the graph provides some interesting data regarding该图为我们提供了有关有趣数据。4 .the diagram shows （that）该图向我们展示了5 .the pie graph depicts （that）该圆形图揭示了6 .this is a cure graph which describes the trend of这个曲线图描述了的趋势。7 .the figures/statistics show （that）数据（字）表明8 .the tree diagram reveals how该树型图向我们揭示了如何9 .the data/statistics show （that）该数据（字）可以这样理解10 .the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that这些数据资料令我们得出结论1 Las is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table如图所示.12 .according to the chart/figures根据这些表（数字）13 .as is shown in the table如表格所示14 .as can be seen from the diagram* great changes have taken place in从图中可以看出发生了巨大变化。15 .from the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly thator it is clear/apparent from thechart that从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到16 .this is a graph which illustrates这个图表向我们展示了17 .this table shows the changing proportion of a&b fromto该表格描述了年到年间a与b的比例关系。18 .the graph, presented in a pie chart shows the general trend in该图以圆形图形式描述r总的趋势。19 .this is a column chart showing这是个柱型图，描述了20 .as can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of如图所示，两条曲线描述了的波动情况。2Lover the period from.to.the.remained level.在至期间，基本不变。22.in the year betweenand在年到期间1.1 in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 19981995年至1998三年里24 .from then on/from this time onwards从那时起25 .the number ofremained steady/stable from （ month/year） to （month/year）月（年）至月（年）的数量基本不变。26 .the number sharply went up to数字急剧上升至27 . the percentage of. stayed the same bet ween. and至期间的比率维持不变。28 .the figures peaked atin （month/year）的数目在月（年）达到顶点,为29 .the percentage remained steady at比率维持在30 .the percentage ofis slightly larger/smaller than that of 比例比.的比例略高（低）。31 l.the re is not a great deal of difference betweenand与的区别不大。32 .the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of该图表表明的数目增长了三倍。33 decreased year by year whileincreased steadily.逐年减少，而逐步上升。34 .the situation reached a peak (a high point at) of%.的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点，为百分点。35 .the figures/situation bottomed out in数字(情况)在达到底部。36 .the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。37 .a istimes as much/many as b.a 是 b 的倍。38 .a increased bya 增长了39 .a increased toa 增长到40 .high/low/great/small/percentage.比低高(低)41 .there is an upward trend in the number of数字呈上升趋势。42 .a considerable increase/decrease occurred fromto至lj发生急剧上升。43 .fromtothe rate of decrease slow down.从到，下降速率减慢。44 .from this year on, there was a gradual declinel reduction in the reaching a figure of从这年起，逐渐下降至45 .be similar to与相似46 .be the same as与相同47 .there are a lot similarities/differences betweenand与之间有许多相似(不同)之处48 .a has something in common with ba 于 b 有共同之处。49 .the difference between a and b lies ina 与 b 之间的差别在于50 (year) witnessed/saw a sharp rise in年急居！I上升开头段转述题目常用句型The line graph describes/illustrates/demonstrates/summarizes/outlines/shows.后面跟名诃或者从句开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型According to/As shown in/As can be seen from后面跟图表的类型It can be seen from后面跟图表的类型thatIt is manifest from后面跟图表的类型that表示上升的动词Go up(went up)/rise(rose)/grow(grew)/increase(increased)/ascend(ascended),rise和increase也经常作名词,growgrowth表示急剧上升的动词Jump(jumped)/surge(surged)/shoot up(shot up)/soar(soared)其中 surge 也可以做名词表示下降的动词Decline/fall/drop/sink/dip/decrease/descend1 de cl i ne/fal 1/drop/decre ase 也经常做名词表示急剧下降的动词Plummet/plunge表示速度快的形容词Sharp/dramatic/drastic/rapid/precipitous/steep 副词力口-ly表示幅度大的形容词Marked/substanti al/si gni fi cant, is加ly 表示缓慢,逐渐的形容词Gradual/ste ady/ge ntle/slow,副词加y表示小幅度的形容词Modest/moderate/slight,副词加ly表示波动的动词Fluctuate,不及物动词，名词 fluctuation表示稳定在一个水平上的动词Level off at/level out at/hover at/stabilize at/reached a plateau at表示达到最高的动词Peak at/reach the highest point at,peak 也可以做名词表示达到最低的动词Reach the bottom at/the lowest point at/bottom out at,bottom 也 uj 以做名词表示经历了某种变化的及物动词Experience/witness/see表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组Reach/arrive at/amount to/hit/register/stand at 表示占（后面跟百分数或数字）的及物动词或词组Account for/represent/constitute/make up表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组A is composed oBcomprise/is made up of/consists of B,C and D.注意和 include 区别表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词Project/predict/forecast 表示“分别”的副词Respectivelyin the 2004 Olympics,China and Russia won X and Y gold medals respectively.表示“大约”的副词或者词组A bout,around,approximately,roughly,just overjust under图表作文（三）作文1DIRECTIONS:A.Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.B.Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II.C.Your essay should cover these three points:1 .effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife2 .possible reason for the effect3 .your suggestion for wildlife protection7幺二 TIIW-ndoF-xcMXHI 二，IS POPl LATION GKOUTII OX EK TIME-A z.ft -r7 JO 9 7【段落类型分析】第一段第二段第三段图画/图表描述段原因阐释段建议措施段【参考范文一】From these graphs,we can draw a conclusion that,with the growth of human population,the number of species has decreased rapidly in America,and some species have even vanished from our planet.There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here.Above all,as the human population grows rapidly,a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living.Then these species have to move to other pl aces. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die.In addition,although many people look on the wildlife as their friends,some people may not think so.They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money.Consequently,the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed.The clear cutting has become increasingly serious.So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.In order to protect the wildlife,! have some suggestions.First,the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed.Second,the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it.Third,as for ourselves,we should take practical actions to protect our living environment.(210 words)【参考范文二】The two charts show that the increase in the U.S.population has been accompanied by a corresponding decline in the number of wildlife species.Far too many species have been lost al ready .This poses a danger to the ecological balance.As the human population expan ds,wild animals in mounting numbers are hunted for food,or because they are thought to present a threat to man.But studies show that one of the primary causes of the disappearance of wildlife is pollution,which is one of the consequences of population growth and economic development.This makes us wonder if men are able to share this planet in harmony with other life forms.In my opinion,it is imperative for us to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts.One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction.But,more importantly,men must learn to stop polluting the environment,or he himself will be extinct.(167 words)【参考范文三】As is seen from the two graphs,it is clear that with the rapid growth of U.S.population from 1800 to 1990,the number of its wildlife species no longer existing soared during the same period.Naturally,we can draw the conclusion that the sharp decline of wildlife species resulted from the population growth.Several reasons may account for this phenomenon.To begin with,as the population grows,people consume much more natural resources.Second,with the increase of human activities,modern people take up more and more space which exerts a great influence on other species.Finally,the problem of pollution becomes more and more serious with the development of modem industry.More and more animals have to adapt themselves to the decaying environment or move to a totally different pl ace,but not all of them are fortunate enough to survive the changes.Solving this problem calls for,above ail,the governments efforts to control population growth,to decrease industrial pollution and to enhance the laws to forbid wildlife hunting.Moreover,common citizens should be aware of this ecological crisis and take on the responsibility of wildlife protection.In a word,only when the government and the common people make joint efforts can we hope to find a satisfactory solution to this problem.(216 words)作文2图略The line graph illustrates how the number of people using a London underground station fluctuates over the course of 16 hours(6am to 10pm).As we can see from the graph,at 6am the number of people at the station stands at only lOO.The number shoots up over the next two hours,peaking at 400 at 8am.Then the number descends drastically for two hours,bottoming out at 180 at 1 Oam.The period between lOoclock and 12o*clock witnesses a moderate growth in the number of people in the station,with the number reaching 280 at midday.Numbers in the following two hours stabilize at just under 300 people.Then the number plummets to only 100 from 2Pm to 4pm.Then the next two hours see a dramatic rise again,with 6pm registering 380 people.After 6pm,the number dips again,reaching the lowest point of 130 at 8pm.The period from 8pm to 10pm experiences a slight rise,but then the number of people declines again from 180 at 9pm to 135 at 10pm.This line graph clearly demonstrates that rush hours in the early morning and the early evening are periods when the station is used by the most people.作文3The diagram illustrates in four stages the recovery of the forests in Yellowstone National Park after a devastating forest fire.In the first picture,while the old forests still exist,they drop bad wood to the soil under them,which renders the soil more fertile.Then lightning and fire strike,destroying the forests completely.And the growth of new forests starts right at this point.The second picture demonstrates that in the first 50 years after the devastating fire,saplings grow in build while descend in overall number.In the next two centuries,the young trees continue to thrive in Yellowstone,because of the fertile soil and the ample sunlight.Then,three hundred years after the fire,the number of trees decline to roughly the same as the old forests.These five pictures show us that it takes as long as three centuries for a destroyed forest to fully recover.Further,they vividly explain to us the natural law ofsurvival of the fittestM.The number of trees that a region can support is not limitless,which means the forests on earth will not be an inexhaustible resource.作文4The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.Average distance in miles travelled per person per year, by mode of travel19852000Walking255237Bicycle5141Car33994,806Local bus429274Long distance bus54124Train289366Taxi1342Other450585All modes4,7406,475范文1The table indicates the number of miles by the average English person in 1985 and 2000,using various means of transport.The number of miles walked,cycled and travelled by local bus all de creased. Of these, the number of miles travelled by local bus decreased the most,from 429 miles in 1985 to 274 miles in 2000.The number of miles travelled by car Jong distance bus,train and taxi all increased.The number of miles driven by car was 3,199 in 1985 and rose by 50%to 4,806 in 2000.The number of miles travelled by long distance bus more than doubled from 54 miles(1985)to 124 miles(2000).The number of miles driven by taxi trebled from 13 miles(1985)1042 miles(2000).The use of other,unspecified,forms of transport also increased.Overall,the number of miles travelled by the average English person rose from 4,740 miles in 1985 to 6,475 miles in 2000,with the increase of cars accounting for almost all of thatincrease。73 words)范文2The table demonstrates how different modes of travel changed in England in 15 years spanning from 1985 to 2000.In general,the modes are classified into two kinds in terms of average miles travelled per person per year:one enjoyed rising popularity while the other decreasing.The travel modes whi