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冠词一、 固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有 the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词： by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight3. 有些词组中加 a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、 专有名词前1. 国家、城市等专有名词前不加 the : Shanghai, in New York, in America ， 但是 the United Sates 要加 the1. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加 the Great Wall,2. 江河、海洋、山川前加 the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains 三 一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next 前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winter1. on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday 4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December四、宇宙中独一无二的事物， 序数词， 形容词最高级，only 所修饰的名词前用 the 1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、 形容词加 the, 表示这一类人 the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、 单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an uncle an X-ray photograph, an MBA course,There is _an _”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, )介词分类记忆：一、时间介词具体哪一天 on, 几点钟前用 at, 年、月份前用 in, 早上、下午、晚上用 in, 但是具体 某一天的早上、下午、晚上用 on。last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用 介词On Christmas Day, on December 14, 2013, on the morning of December 15,二、 地点介词三、 短语中固定搭配的介词care for, based on, in ones thirties, concentrate on=focus on , the answer to the question, the key to the door, She is of average height, share with, be responsible for, addto,四、 方式介词 by， withby bus, by train , by e-mail, by express mail, by credit cardwrite with a pen, say it in English五、表示形容词、副词比较范围的of/ among + 代词，名词或数词， in+ 表示地点或集体的名词John was the first on the list of the famous stars because he was the richest _ them.代词一、 人称代词1. 顺序： 单数：二、三、一 复数：一、二、三John sits among _, _ and me.A. Mary you B. she you C. youMary D. youshe2. 主格宾格：主格主语， 宾格宾语（动词或介词后）The journalist interviewed _. (he, his, him)I show_ around the city. (they, their, them)3. 名词性物主代词The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but _ is big and modern.(they, them,. their, theirs)Mum, have you ever seen Dannys sports shoes? I want a pair like _. (he)a friend of mine/ his/ my fathersI _ we_ you_ he_ her_ they_4、反身代词enjoy oneself , help oneself to sth, learnby oneself= teach oneselfI made it myself.I _ we_ you_ he_ her_ they_ it_不定代词1.the other, others, another, the othersSome._ One_another + 可数名词的单数固定词组 一个接着一个 _1 / 4Will you please show me _ one?Have _ try, and youll succeed.2.形容词修饰不定代词、形容词后置something necessary3. either_, neither_, both_, all_, none_The report says _ of the two countries in Asia supports the war.After you get off the bus, you can take _ of the two Metro Lines to Zhongshan Park.either side both sides4. few, a few, little, a littleIts unusual for him to be so active because he is often a boy of _ words.A. few B. little C. many D. much数词1、 two hundred/ thousand, hundreds/thousands of , 前面如果有 more than, less than , over, about 等词时，用确切的数据 about/ more than two hundred people2、 数字的读法， 百位和十位之间用 and 3653、 序数词的拼写One_ , two_, three_ Four_, five_, eight_, twelve_, nine_, twenty_,twenty-one_5. 分数1/2_ 2/3_, 3/ 4_, 3/5_6、 百分比 30 percent7、 日期表达 February 12，1809two hours and a half =two and a half hoursa ten-year-old boy The boy is ten years old.H e is over fifty years old. He is in his fifties.I ts ten minutes walk. Its a ten-minute walk.名词1. 变复数potato_ tomato_ hero_ Negro_ photo_(两人两菜加 s, 其 他加 es)boy_ toy_, dictionary_, (只有辅音+y 结尾变 y 为 ies) beach_(s, x, ch, sh,结尾的名词复数+es)life, thief ,leaf, knife(fe, f 结尾的名词， 把 f, fe 变为 ves)2. 可数名词与不可数名词many children much informationa few books a little timesome boys some timea couple of days a basket of fruit修饰可数名词的： few, a few, many, a large number of, a couple of修饰不可数名词的: little, a little, much, a great deal of, huge amounts of既修饰可数名词的，又可以修饰可数名词的： plenty of , a lot of/ lots of , some 3. 名词所有格my fathers friend= a friend of my fathers， the teachers office， the Childrens Palace形容词/ 副词1、形容词的用法：1） 系动词后做表语 The comedy is very funny2） 在名词前作定语 Its a funny comedy3） 修饰不定代词在不定代词之后 There is something wrong with my watch.4） 在宾语之后作宾语补足语 The good news made Bobs mother excited.Youd better keep the window open.2、副词的用法：1） 修饰行为动词 He drives carefully.2） 修饰形容词 The food is quite delicious.3） 修饰整个句子 Luckily, he still got the first prize3、much, far, a little, a bit, a lot, even 等词修饰形容词比较级The Bund looks much _ at night. (pretty)He looks a little _(happy)4. 既是形容词又是副词的：early ,fast, hard, high , late5、asas not as/ soas 句型中间用形容词或者副词的原级， 所以可以先排除比较级和最高级，选副词还是形容 词，看是否修饰行为动词The driver drove as _ as usual.A. most carefully B. more carefulC. careful D. carefully6、一些特殊句型The 比较级 主语+谓语， the 比较级 主语+谓语，The earlier, the betterthe fastest in our class， one of the longest rivers， the second longest river， better and better疑问词How far (ten minutes walk)2 / 4How soon (in ten minutes)How fast (a mile in ten minutes)How long (for ten minutes)How often (twice a day)How many (two)How much (two yuan/two kilos)1. He went to the hospital to have a checkup on eyesight. (99)_ _ he go to the hospital?2. We have a class meeting once a week. (00)_ _ did the American spacecraft Galileotravel and work in space?3. This sign means cars and buses mustnt turn right here. (04)_ _ this sign mean?4. London held the first World Expo in 1851. (05)_ did London _ the first World Expo?5. The students projects will be on show in three days. (06)_ _ will the students projects be on show?动词连系动词:1.be 动词 2.感官动词：feel(feel-felt-felt), smell(smell-smelt-smelt), taste, sound, look 3.表示变化的: become-became-become, get-got-got, grow-grew-grown, turn 4. 表示 保持的：keep, stay, remain 5. 似乎是 seem情态动词:May I watch TV? No, you mustnt/ may not/ cant.Must I do the work? No, you neednt.may be 可能是 must be 一定是 cant be 不可能是You neednt help him.= You dont need to help him.1. We _ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. (04)A) may B) should C) can D) need2. A: _ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir?B: No, you neednt. You can complete it this afternoon. (05)A) May B) Can C) Would D) Must3. My mother _ make rice dumplings. Shell teach me how to do it. (06)A) must B) need C) should D) can使役动词：make, let, have sb. do sth.动词的时态和语态:一般现在时 主语+do/ does1、 表 示 现 在 经 常 或 反 复 发 生 的 动 作 或 存 在 的 状 态 ， 常 和 often , always, usually ,sometimes, everyday 等时间状语连用；2、 表示客观事实或普遍真理；The sun rises in the east.3、 由 when, before, after, if, unless, as soon as 引导的从句，主句用将来时从句用一般 现在时I will tell him as soon as he comes back.一般过去时 主语+did1、 常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last week, three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in the past2、 过去习惯性动作 used to do一般将来时 will/ shall do1、 shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时；2、 am (is , are) going to + 动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情； there is going to be3、 表示“去向”的动词，可以用进行时表示将来时 come, go, arrive, leave, leave for Im leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow.现在进行时 am/ is/ are + doing常用时间状语 now, at present , for the time being, look, listen, be carefulLook, Janes grandma _ with some aged people.A. dances B. danced C. is dancing D. was dancing过去进行时 was/ were + doing常用时间状语 at that moment, this time yesterday, at six yesterday morning, from two to three yesterday afternoon.也常用于 when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句When I was having dinner with my family last night, the telephone rang.现在完成时 have/ has + done1. 常用的时间状语和副词: never, ever, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, in the past 10 years.1. already & yetI have already read the book, (改否定句)I _ read the book _.3. since&forI have learned English since 2004 (对划线部分提问)I have learned English for 10 years （同上）4. 延续性动词和瞬间动词_ this book for a week.3 / 4A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. buy现在完成时 had + done1.表示过去的过去， 常用的时间状语：by the end of last year, before I entered the school 2. 用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中He told me that he had been to China twice.被动语态：1. 构成：be+及物动词的过去分词 p.p1. 时态的变化主要体现在 be 的变化1、划出句子中的谓语部分You could hardly believe the news,_ _?情态动词有： can, could, may, must, should, need, shall, will, would, ought to 2、 有些动词的过去式与原形同形 cost，set, cut, put, set, fit, read, spread The bad news spread fast, _ _?3、有些词表示否定的意思little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few, none, nothing4、判断现在完成时，过去完成时，看后面有没有过去分词一般现在时 am/ is/ are+p.p,一般过去时 was/were+ p.pHe has a little of milk for his breakfast, _ _?现在完成时 has/ have been +p.p 一般将来时 will be +p.p情态动词 should/ may/ must/ can/ could + be+ p. p3. 先划出句子的谓语部分写出动词原形判断时态注意主语的单复数 Jane wrote several articles about memory last month.Several articles about memory _ _ by Jane last month.1.wrote2. writewrotewritten3. was/ were written4. 主语是 several articles , 因此是 were written非谓语动词 1动词不定式1. 主语 To be a teacher is my dream2. 宾语 I want to buy a new bike3. 表语 My father s job is to make sick people better.4. 定语 We have got a new project to do5. 宾语补足语 Our headmaster asked us to work hard6. 动词不定式作形式主语 It is difficult to learn English well7. 动词不定式作宾语的动词常见的有： ask, want, tell, agree, advise, decide, plan, promise, refuse, hope, fail8. 宾语从句改成简单句I dont know what I can do nextI dont know _ _ do next.9. 有些动词后作宾补省略 to一感 feel， 二听 listen to, hear， 三让 make, let, have， 四看 see, watch, notice, observe 非谓语动词 2动名词1. 主语 Smoking isnt allowed in public places2. 宾语 Tom enjoys traveling around the world.3. 表语 My hobby is collecting stamps3. 动名词作宾语的动词 enjoy, finish, keep, mind, spend, go, practise.反意疑问句Jack has never been to Guangzhou, _ _?5、反意部分只能用代词，不能用名词，先画出主句部分的主语，再判断代词用什么。 Your mother has never tired of shopping, _ _?Jims parents are never late for their work, _ _?The bad news spread fast, _ _?6、特殊的反义疑问句Youd better finish your homework, _ _? 谓语动词 had better do， 后面反意部 分仍用助动词 hadLets go sightseeing on Christmas Day, _ _?C lose the door, _ _?D ont open the window,_ _?9.There is little time left, _ _?Excises:1. You could hardly believe the news,_ _?2. Your mother has never tired of shopping, _ _?2. The coat cost John a months pay, _ _?4. Jims parents are never late for their work, _ _?4. The lady always has a cup of tea after dinner, _ _?5. The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday, _ _?6. There is little time left, _ _?4 / 4
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