外文翻译--继电保护发展现状

继电保护发展现状Relay protection development present situation姓名 高俊亮 学号 20110821051032 专业 电气工程及其自动化 Relay protection development present situation LiXiaoXiaInstitution:Tianjin Electric Power Association Key word relay protection present situation development，relay protections future development Abstract reviewed our country electrical power system relay protection technological development process, has outlined the microcomputer relay protection technology achievement, proposed the future relay protection technological development tendency will be: Computerizes, networked, protects, the control, the survey, the data communication integration and the artificial intellectualization.1 relay protection development present situationThe electrical power system rapid development to the relay protection proposed unceasingly the new request, the electronic technology, computer technology and the communication rapid development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor for the relay protection technology development, therefore, the relay protection technology is advantageous, has completed the development 4 historical stage in more than 40 years time.After the founding of the nation, our country relay protection discipline, the relay protection design, the relay manufacture industry and the relay protection technical team grows out of nothing, has passed through the path in about 10 years which advanced countries half century passes through. The 50s, our country engineers and technicians creatively absorption, the digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection equipment performance and the movement technology , completed to have the deep relay protection theory attainments and the rich movement experience relay protection technical team, and grew the instruction function to the national relay protection technical teams establishment. The acheng relay factory introduction has digested at that time the overseas advanced relay manufacture technology, has established our country relay manufacturing industry. Thus our country has completed the relay protection research, the design, the manufacture, the movement and the teaching complete system in the 60s. This is a time which the mechanical and electrical relay protection prospers, was our country relay protection technology development has laid the solid foundation.From the end of the 50s, the transistor relay protection was starting to study. In the 60s to the 80s in are the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely uses. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kv transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the protection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500 kv line , finished the 500kv line protection to depend upon completely from the overseas import time.From the 70s, started based on the integration operational amplifier integrated circuit protection to study. Has formed the complete series to at the end of 80s integrated circuit protection,substitutes for the transistor protection gradually. The development, the production, the application the integrated circuit protects which to the beginning of the 90s still were in the dominant position, this was the integrated circuit protection time. The integrated electricity road work frequency conversion quantity direction develops which in this aspect Nanjing electric power automation research institute high frequency protected the vital role , the Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development integrated circuit phase voltage compensated the type direction high frequency protection also moves in multi- strip 220kv and on the 500kv line.Our country namely started the computer relay protection research from the end of the 70s , the institutions of higher learning and the scientific research courtyard institute forerunners function. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, southeast the university, the North China electric power institute, the Xian Jiaotong University, the Tianjin University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, the Chongqing University and the Nanjing electric power automation research institute one after another has all developed the different principle, the different pattern microcomputer protective device. In 1984 the original North China electric power institute developed the transmission line microcomputer protective device first through the appraisal, and in the system the find application, had opened in our country relay protection history the new page, protected the promotion for the microcomputer to pave the way. In the host equipment protection aspect, the generator which southeast the university and Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops loses magnetism protection, the generator protection and the generator?Bank of transformers protection also one after another in 1989, in 1994 through appraisal, investment movement. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute develops microcomputer line protective device also in 1991 through appraisal. The Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development microcomputer phase voltage compensated the type direction high frequency protection, the Xian Jiaotong University and the Xu Chang relay factory cooperation development positive sequence breakdown component direction high frequency protection also one after another in 1993, in 1996 through the appraisal. Heres, the different principle, the different type microcomputer line and the host equipment protect unique, provided one batch of new generation of performance for the electrical power system fine, the function has been complete, the work reliable relay protection installment. Along with the microcomputer protective device research, in microcomputer aspect and so on protection software, algorithm has also yielded the very many theories result. May say started our country relay protection technology from the 90s to enter the time which the microcomputer protected.2 relay protections future developmentThe relay protection technology future the tendency will be to computerizes, the intellectualization, will protect, the control, the survey and the data communication integration development.2.1 computerizes Along with the computer hardware swift and violent development, the microcomputer protection hardware also unceasingly is developing. The original North China electric power institute develops the microcomputer line protection hardware has experienced 3 development phases: Is published from 8 lists cpu structure microcomputer protection, does not develop to 5 years time to the multi- cpu structure, latter developed to the main line does not leave the module the big modular structure, the performance enhances greatly, obtained the widespread application. Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops the microcomputer protection also is from 8 cpu, develops to take the labor controlling machine core partially as the foundation 32 microcomputers protection.The Nanjing electric power automation research institute from the very beginning has developed 16 cpu is the foundation microcomputer line protection, obtained the big area promotion, at present also is studying 32 protections hardware system. Southeast the university develops the microcomputer host equipment protects the hardware also passed through improved and the enhancement many times. The Tianjin University from the very beginning is the development take more than 16 cpu as the foundation microcomputer line protection, in 1988 namely started to study take 32 digital signals processor (dsp) as the foundation protection, the control, the survey integration microcomputer installment, at present cooperated with the Zhuhai Jin automatic equipment company develops one kind of function complete 32 big modules, a module was a minicomputer. Uses 32 microcomputers chips only to focus by no means on the precision, because of the precision the a/d switch resolution limit, is surpassed time 16 all is accepts with difficulty in the conversion rate and the cost aspect; 32 microcomputers chips have the very high integration rate more importantly, very high operating frequency and computation speed, very big addressing space, rich command system and many inputs outlet. The cpu register, the data bus, the address bus all are 32, has the memory management function, the memory protection function and the duty transformation function, and (cache) and the floating number part all integrates the high speed buffer in cpu.The electrical power system the request which protects to the microcomputer enhances unceasingly, besides protection basic function, but also should have the large capacity breakdown information and the data long-term storage space, the fast data processing function, the formidable traffic capacity, with other protections, the control device and dispatches the networking by to share the entire system data, the information and the network resources ability, the higher order language programming and so on. This requests the microcomputer protective device to have is equal to a pc machine function. In the computer protection development initial period, once conceived has made the relay protection installment with a minicomputer. At that time because the small machine volume big, the cost high, the reliability was bad, this tentative plan was not realistic. Now, with the microcomputer protective device size similar labor controlling machine function, the speed, the storage capacity greatly has surpassed the same year small machine, therefore, made the relay protection with complete set labor controlling machine the opportunity already to be mature, this will be one of development directions which the microcomputer protected. The Tianjin University has developed the relay protection installment which Cheng Yongtong microcomputer protective device structure quite same not less than one kind of labor controlling machine performs to change artificially becomes. This kind of equipment merit includes: has the 486pc machine complete function, can satisfy each kind of function request which will protect to current and the future microcomputer. size and structure and present microcomputer protective device similar, the craft excellent, quakeproof, guards against has been hot, guards against electronmagetic interference ability, may move in the very severe working conditions, the cost may accept. uses the std main line or the pc main line, the hardware modulation, may select the different module wilfully regarding the different protection, the disposition nimble, is easy to expand.Relay protection installment , computerizes is the irreversible development tendency. How but to satisfies the electrical power system request well, how further enhances the relay protection the reliability, how obtains the bigger economic efficiency and the social efficiency, still must conduct specifically the thorough research. 2.2protections, control, survey, data communication integrations In realization relay protection computerizing with under the condition, the protective device is in fact a high performance, the multi-purpose computer, is in an entire electrical power system computer network intelligent terminal. It may gain the electrical power system movement and breakdown any information and the data from the net, also may protect the part which obtains it any information and the data transfer for the network control center or no matter what a terminal. Therefore, each microcomputer protective device not only may complete the relay protection function, moreover in does not have in the breakdown normal operation situation also to be possible to complete the survey, the control, the data communication function, that is realization protection, control, survey, data communication integration.At present, in order to survey, the protection and the control need, outdoor transformer substation all equipment, like the transformer, the line and so on the secondary voltage, the electric current all must use the control cable to direct to . Lays the massive control cable not only must massively invest, moreover makes the secondary circuit to be extremely complex. But if the above protection, the control, the survey, the data communication integration computer installation, will install in outdoor transformer substation by the protection device nearby, by the protection device voltage, the amperage is changed into after this installment internal circulation the digital quantity, will deliver through the computer network, then might avoid the massive control cable. If takes the network with the optical fiber the transmission medium, but also may avoid the electronmagetic interference. Now the photoelectric current mutual inductor (ota) and the photovoltage mutual inductor (otv) in the research trial stage, future inevitably obtained the application in the electrical power system. In uses ota and in the otv situation, the protective device should place is apart from ota and the otv recent place, that is should place by the protection device nearby. Ota and the otv light signal inputs after this integration installment in and transforms the electrical signal, on the one hand serves as the protection the computation judgment; On the other hand took the survey quantity, delivers through the network. May to deliver from through the network by the protection device operation control command this integrated installment, carries out the circuit breaker operation from this the integrated installment. In 1992 the Tianjin University proposed the protection, the control, the survey, the correspondence integration question, and has developed take the tms320c25 digital signal processor (dsp) as a foundation protection, the control, the survey, the data communication integration installment.2.3 intellectualizations In recent years, the artificial intelligence technology like nerve network, the genetic algorithms, the evolution plan, the fuzzy logic and so on all obtained the application in electrical power system each domain, also started in the relay protection domain application research. The nerve network is one non-linear mapping method, very many lists the complex non-linear problem with difficulty which the equation or solves with difficulty, the application nerve network side principle may be easily solved. For example exhibits in the situation in the transmission line two sides systems electric potential angle to occur after the transition resistance short-circuits is a non-linear problem, very difficult correctly to make the breakdown position from the protection the distinction, thus creates moves by mistake or resists to move; If thinks after the network method, passes through the massive breakdowns sample training, so long as the sample centralism has fully considered each kind of situation, then in breaks down time any all may correctly distinguish. Other like genetic algorithms, the evolution plan and so on also all have its unique solution complex question the ability. May cause the solution speed these artificial intelligence method suitable unions to be quicker. The Tianjin University carries on the nerve network type relay protection from 1996 the research, has yielded the preliminary result . May foresee, the artificial intelligence technology must be able to obtain the application in the relay protection domain, by solves the problem which solves with difficulty with the conventional method.3 ConclutionSince the founding of Chinas electric power system protection technology has undergone four times. With the rapid development of power systems and computer technology, communications technology, relay technology faces the further development of the trend. Domestic and international trends in the development of protection technologies: computerization, networking, protection, control, measurement, data communications integration and artificial intelligence, which made protection workers difficult task, but also opened up the activities of vast.References:1 ZhouJunFeng. Our country relay the development of the industry are reviewed. Chinas electronic news, on July 29, 1999. 2 JinFuQun. In 2001, relay economic operation and recent outlook. Mechanical and electrical components, in June, 2002. 3 JinFuQun. In 2002, relay industry situation of economic operation and development prospect. The seventh national relay academic conference, in October, 2003. 4 ZhouJunFeng. Relay and technical development trend. Mechanical and electrical components, in June, 2003. 继电保护发展现状 李小霞 天津电力协会 【 关键词 】继电保护现状发展，继电保护的未来发展【 摘要 】回顾我国电力系统继保护技术发展的过程中，概述了微机继电保护技术的成就，提出了未来继电保护技术发展趋势将是：计算机化，电网络化，保护，控制，调查结果显示，数据通信一体化和人工智能化。1 继电保护发展现状 电力系统的迅速发展对继电保护不断提出新的要求，电子技术，计算机技术的快速发展不断为继电保护技术的发展注入新的活力，因此，继电保护技术是有利的，在40多年的时间里已完成发展了4个历史阶段。 建国后，我国继电保护学科、继电保护设计、继电器制造工业和继电保护技术队伍从无到有，在大约10年的时间里走过了先进国家半个世纪走过的道路。50年代，我国工程技术人员创造性地吸收、消化、掌握了国外先进的继电保护设备性能和运行技术，建成了一支具有深厚继电保护理论造诣和丰富运行经验的继电保护技术队伍，对全国继电保护技术队伍的建立和成长起了指导作用。阿城继电器厂引进消化了当时国外先进的继电器制造技术，建立了我国自己的继电器制造业。因而在60年代中我国已建成了继电保护研究、设计、制造、运行和教学的完整体系。这是机电式继电保护繁荣的时代，为我国继电保护技术的发展奠定了坚实基础。 自50年代末，晶体管继电保护已在开始研究。60年代中到80年代中是晶体管继电保护蓬勃发展和广泛采用的时代。其中天津大学与南京电力自动化设备厂合作研究的500kv晶体管方向高频保护和南京电力自动化研究院研制的晶体管高频闭锁距离保护，运行于葛洲坝500kv线路上，结束了500kv线路保护完全依靠从国外进口的时代。在此期间，从70年代中，基于集成运算放大器的集成电路保护已开始研究。到80年代末集成电路保护已形成完整系列，逐渐取代晶体管保护。到90年代初集成电路保护的研制、生产、应用仍处于主导地位，这是集成电路保护时代。在这方面南京电力自动化研究院研制的集成电路工频变化量方向高频保护起了重要作用，天津大学与南京电力自动化设备厂合作研制的集成电路相电压补偿式方向高频保护也在多条220kv和500kv线路上运行。 我国从70年代末即已开始了计算机继电保护的研究，高等院校和科研院所起着先导的作用。华中理工大学、东南大学、华北电力学院、西安交通大学、天津大学、上海交通大学、重庆大学和南京电力自动化研究院都相继研制了不同原理、不同型式的微机保护装置。1984年原华北电力学院研制的输电线路微机保护装置首先通过鉴定，并在系统中获得应用，揭开了我国继电保护发展史上新的一页，为微机保护的推广开辟了道路。在主设备保护方面，东南大学和华中理工大学研制的发电机失磁保护、发电机保护和发电机?变压器组保护也相继于1989、1994年通过鉴定，投入运行。南京电力自动化研究院研制的微机线路保护装置也于1991年通过鉴定。天津大学与南京电力自动化设备厂合作研制的微机相电压补偿式方向高频保护，西安交通大学与许昌继电器厂合作研制的正序故障分量方向高频保护也相继于1993、1996年通过鉴定。至此，不同原理、不同机型的微机线路和主设备保护各具特色，为电力系统提供了一批新一代性能优良、功能齐全、工作可靠的继电保护装置。随着微机保护装置的研究，在微机保护软件、算法等方面也取得了很多理论成果。可以说从90年代开始我国继电保护技术已进入了微机保护的时代。2 继电保护的未来发展继电保护技术未来趋势是向计算机化，智能化，保护、控制、测量和数据通信一体化发展。2.1计算机化 随着计算机硬件的迅猛发展，微机保护硬件也在不断发展。原华北电力学院研制的微机线路保护硬件已经历了3个发展阶段：从8位单cpu结构的微机保护问世，不到5年时间就发展到多cpu结构，后又发展到总线不出模块的大模块结构，性能大大提高，得到了广泛应用。华中理工大学研制的微机保护也是从8位cpu，发展到以工控机核心部分为基础的32位微机保护。 南京电力自动化研究院一开始就研制了16位cpu为基础的微机线路保护，已得到大面积推广，目前也在研究32位保护硬件系统。东南大学研制的微机主设备保护的硬件也经过了多次改进和提高。天津大学一开始即研制以16位多cpu为基础的微机线路保护，1988年即开始研究以32位数字信号处理器(dsp)为基础的保护、控制、测量一体化微机装置，目前已与珠海晋电自动化设备公司合作研制成一种功能齐全的32位大模块，一个模块就是一个小型计算机。采用32位微机芯片并非只着眼于精度，因为精度受a/d转换器分辨率的限制，超过16位时在转换速度和成本方面都是难以接受的；更重要的是32位微机芯片具有很高的集成度，很高的工作频率和计算速度，很大的寻址空间，丰富的指令系统和较多的输入输出口。cpu的寄存器、数据总线、地址总线都是32位的，具有存储器管理功能、存储器保护功能和任务转换功能，并将高速缓存(cache)和浮点数部件都集成在cpu内。 电力系统对微机保护的要求不断提高，除了保护的基本功能外，还应具有大容量故障信息和数据的长期存放空间，快速的数据处理功能，强大的通信能力，与其它保护、控制装置和调度联网以共享全系统数据、信息和网络资源的能力，高级语言编程等。这就要求微机保护装置具有相当于一台pc机的功能。在计算机保护发展初期，曾设想过用一台小型计算机作成继电保护装置。由于当时小型机体积大、成本高、可靠性差，这个设想是不现实的。现在，同微机保护装置大小相似的工控机的功能、速度、存储容量大大超过了当年的小型机，因此，用成套工控机作成继电保护的时机已经成熟，这将是微机保护的发展方向之一。天津大学已研制成用同微机保护装置结构完全相同的一种工控机加以改造作成的继电保护装置。这种装置的优点有：(1)具有486pc机的全部功能，能满足对当前和未来微机保护的各种功能要求。(2)尺寸和结构与目前的微机保护装置相似，工艺精良、防震、防过热、防电磁干扰能力强，可运行于非常恶劣的工作环境，成本可接受。(3)采用std总线或pc总线，硬件模块化，对于不同的保护可任意选用不同模块，配置灵活、容易扩展。继电保护装置的微机化、计算机化是不可逆转的发展趋势。但对如何更好地满足电力系统要求，如何进一步提高继电保护的可靠性，如何取得更大的经济效益和社会效益，尚须进行具体深入的研究。2. 2保护、控制、测量、数据通信一体化 在实现继电保护的计算机化和网络化的条件下，保护装置实际上就是一台高性能、多功能的计算机，是整个电力系统计算机网络上的一个智能终端。它可从网上获取电力系统运行和故障的任何信息和数据，也可将它所获得的被保护元件的任何信息和数据传送给网络控制中心或任一终端。因此，每个微机保护装置不但可完成继电保护