名词性从句学案

名词性从句解析郑素红一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。（注意“虚拟语气”中对should 的考查； I wish/ would rather/ prefer that 从句虚拟语气的考查）一、 主语从句1. 定义：一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语，即句子充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。2. 连词： that-从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的汉语意思，不充当句子成份。whether -从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，特殊疑问词-从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为“特殊疑问词本来的意思”，在从句中充当句子成份。3语序：主语从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。4时态：主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。5句子作主语，视为单数。_ is known to all.( 台湾是中国的一部分)5形式主语it: 句子充当主语时，为平衡句子结构，可用it来代替主语从句，此时，主语从句放在主句的末尾。常见的句型请参照it 作形式主语。练一练：It is certain _（知识就是力量）It is strange _.（真奇怪，他居然要一个人去）It is his suggestion _.（我们要养成好习惯）It is said _.(房价要下降。)It is suggested _.（我们要充分利用自然资源）It doesnt matter_(你是否有经验)It makes no difference_.（你怎么解决这个难题）二、 宾语从句1.定义：一个句子在另一个句子中充当宾语，即句子充当宾语，该句子称为宾语从句。2.连词： that-从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 在第一个宾从中可省略，其他情况不能省略；没有具体的汉语意思，不充当句子成份。whether -从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，可用if 代替，但if 仅用于动词后面的宾语从句中（但除去discuss）.特殊疑问词-从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为“特殊疑问词本来的意思”，在从句中充当句子成份。3语序：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。4时态：主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。5. 双重疑问句中的宾语从句的语序：始终使用陈述语序，即：主谓语序。例：What do you think has happened to Tom?Who do you suggest should be sent to Iraq?Where do you think Tom is from?注意：Whats wrong (with sb /sth.)? Whats the matter (with sb/sth.)? What has happened ? 等句子本身特殊疑问词就是句子的主语，所以语序无需变化。6. it作形式宾语的常见句型 说明：宾语从句后带形容词或名词，补充说明宾语从句，为平衡句子结构，宾语从句常用形式宾语it 代替，宾语从句则放在形容词或名词之后。 当句子的谓语动词为think,regard, consider, imagine, feel,find, believe, make, find, leave等词时，可用it作形式宾语，把从句后置，且从句连词不能省略。例：We think it wrong that she was left in complete ignorance.You can leave it to me how the problem should be solved.We make it a rule that we go for a walk after supper.主语+hate/dislike/love/like +it + when 从句（表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶） 例： I hate _(学生上课吵闹) 主语+appreciate + it+ if 从句 例： I really appreciate _(如果你能帮助我学数学) 主语+see to/ answer for it+ that 从句 （确保.） 主语+depend on /count on/ rely on it +that 从句 (指望，确信.)注意：为特殊句型： 用it 代替其后的整个句子, it 等于整个句子，但不能省略。 She makes _(清楚地表明人人要守法) We believe _（说别人坏话speak ill of是不对的）He dislikes _（学生上课睡觉） My mother will appreciate _(如果你能帮她修电脑) I can see to _（ 我的员工会非常尽心的。）注意：宾语从句可能来源于感叹句。例：I cant imagine_（完成这个任务是多么的困难）She never knows _(他哥哥是个多么热心肠的人)三、 表语从句1.定义：一个句子在另一个句子中充当表语，即句子充当表语，该句子称为表语从句。2.连词： that-从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的汉语意思，不充当句子成份。whether -从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，特殊疑问词-从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为“特殊疑问词本来的意思”，在从句中充当句子成份。3语序：表语从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。4时态：主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。5. 常见的句型 1） It looks as if .好像;仿佛 It _（她好像发狂了似的）2) This is because 这是因为She failed in the interview. That was _（她不会说日语）3) The reason why is that 的原因是The reason _（她面试未过时因为她不会说日语）4) That is why 那是为什么会She _（不会说日语）. That is _(她面试未过的原因)四、同位语从句1.定义：一个句子解释说明另一个句子中某一个抽象名词的内容，该句子充当同位语，即句子充当同位语，该句子称为同位语从句。常见的抽象名词有：idea, opinion, thought, advice, suggestion, proposal, plan, possibility, hope,wish, fact, promise, news, word (消息)，doubt, question等。2.连词： that-从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的汉语意思，不充当句子成份。whether -从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，特殊疑问词-从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为“特殊疑问词本来的意思”，在从句中充当句子成份。3语序：表语从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。4时态：主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。注意：1）常见的同位语从句直接放在抽象名词之后，分隔式同位语从句是抽象名词和同位语从句之间出现谓语动词，以平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻。例：Word came _ (H1N1已经导致许多人死亡。) 5that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1） 同位语从句的引导词that 不充当从句的任何成分，即同位语从句本身是个意义完整的陈述句，不可省略。例：The news that Yao Ming joined the Rocket really excited the Chinese basketball fans. 2） 定语从句的关系代词that 代替先行词，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。定语从句本身缺主语或宾语。例：The news that I got on the CCTV was about Yao Ming. (作定从got的宾语，可省。)The sports news that is about Rocket often attracts more attention. （作定从的主语，不可省。）名词性从句中特殊的连词：1. where 可表示抽象意义，“.的地方，.点” 例：You are saying everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree. Thats where you are mistaken.2. what 引导名词性从句时，可视上下文理解为what=the +名词+that. 例：what=_What you need to do is to wait.Ill do what I can to help you.what=_I live in what used to be a storeroom.She works in what is called 3M Company.Finally they arrived at what was called New York later.what=_Ill remember what we spent in Beijing University.After what seemed years, she finally came back to life.what=_She is no longer what she used to be.what=_China is no longer what it was 20 years ago.what=_She drives at what seems a dangerous speed.A is to B what C is to D. A 之对于B，犹如C只对于D。Wings are to birds what sails are to ships.小结：名词性从句不完整时，如缺主语、宾语、表语时，用what引导。3. whoever 引导名词性从句时，whoever=anybody who.whatever引导名词性从句时，whatever=anything that. whichever 引导名词性从句时，whichever=any+名词+that.例：1）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. = Anybody who breaks the law will be punished. 任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。2） Parents shouldnt buy whatever their children want.= Parents shouldnt buy anything that their children want.父母不应该孩子要什么买什么。3）You can eat whatever you want.= You can eat anything that you want. 你可以吃你想吃的东西。4）There are many books in our library. You can borrow whichever book you like.= There are many books in our library. You can borrow any book that you like. 5）On the table there are so many dishes that we can eat whichever dish we want.= On the table there are so many dishes that we can eat any dish that we want.餐桌上有许多盘菜，我们可以吃我们想吃的任何一个道菜。小结：whoever/whatever/whichever 既在主句中充当成分，又在从句中充当成分。4.从句来源于感叹句例：I cant imagine how excited they were at the news.She never knows what a clever boy her brother is.5.来源于固定句型的特殊疑问句例：Shed like to know what you think of /about her article.I want to know how you like/find Yao Ming.I dont know what my brother is up to these days.6. Whatever the reason (is), research shows that in the end, the English saying Laughter is the best medicine may be true after all. Whatever my wife does is right.You can buy whatever you want in the supermarket.She will tell him whatever news she knows.You must do whatever is best for you.Wherever you go, whatever you do, Ill be right here waiting for you.You have to go on, whatever difficulties you meet.1. Well have to finish the job, _ .A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes2. _ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 3. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do . A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter4. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is._ the price is , I will buy this big house._ much money the house costs, I will buy it. A. Whatever B. However C. How D. What 5. Parents shouldnt give his children_ he like.A. What B. whatever C. no matter what D. whichever.6.We should reach our hand to_ need help.A. Who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever E. no matter who 7. A new teaching building will be built in _ is now a lake.A. which B. that C. what D. where