小学语法.doc

小学英语语法目录：一.名词复数规则 二.一般现在时态 三.动词 s的变化规则四.现在进行时五.一般将来时六.一般过去时七.形容词和副词的比较级八.There be 句型与have, has的区别九.人称代词和物主代词十基数词和序数词十一语法综合测试题（一）十二语法综合测试题（二） 第一课时名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es， 如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es， 如：knife-knives leafleaves 5不规则名词复数： man-men woman-women child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people sheep-sheep Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ you _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ 第二课时 一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍： 一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。 如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语 be (am, is, are) 其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语 行为动词( 其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加“-s”或“-es” 如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语 be not 其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be 主语 其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 一般疑问句。 如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形( 其它)。 如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数，用doesnt构成否定句 如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do ( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。 如- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数，要用does构成一般疑问句 如 -Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.一.完成下面的句子。1. There _(be) some water in the bottle.2. Mike _(like) cooking.3. They _(have) the same hobby.4. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.5. You always _(do) your homework well.6. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.7. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.8. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.9. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.10. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.二、按照要求改写句子。1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)_9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)_ 第三课时动词 s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s， 如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es， 如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es， 如study-studies 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 7. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 8. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _ 4. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _四改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Isyour brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 第四课时现在进行时：1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing.3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5、现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词+be动词+主语+doing+其它？ 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词+be动词+doing+其它?动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing， 如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing， 如：make-making, taste-tasting3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 如：run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词 run_ swim _ make_ begin_ go_ like_ write_ shop _ have _ sing_ dance _ put_ see_ love_ live_ take_ come _ get _ stop_ sit _二用所给的动词的正确形式填空 1.The boy _ ( draw) a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _( sing) in the classroom . 3. My mother _( cook )some nice foodnow. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .三句型转换 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _2 The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _ 第五课时 一般将来时1、 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。 句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to do； will do. 三、一般将来时否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend 四、对划线部分提问。 一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况： 1、问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2、问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3、问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 五、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）= I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习： 一、填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮What _ _ _ _ _next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?二用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2.My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week.3. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He_ (go) to school by bike. 4.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5.Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 第六课时一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was （was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。 （were not=werent） 3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt 动词原形， 如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed， 如：work-worked , 2结尾是e加d，如：live-lived 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加- ed 如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母 y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式： Am、is-was, are-were, do-did see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, sit-sat make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, 一、用动词的适当形式填空 1. It _(be) Bens birthday last Friday. 2.We all _ (have) a good time last night. 3.He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4.Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _a book yesterday. (read)6. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.7. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 第七课时形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er ； 以字母e 结尾，加r ；以元音字母和辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ； 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful 。二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better，far-farther一写出下列形容词或副词的比较级short_ strong_big_ small_fat_ thin_heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ low_high_ slow_fast_late_early_far_ well_二根据句意填入单词的正确形式1. My brother is two years _(old) than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes, she is.4. Who is _(thin), you or Helen? Helen is.5._Nancy sing _(well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 6.Fangfang is not as _(tall) as the other girls. 7.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).8.Who gets up _(early), Tim or Tom? 9._the girls get up _(early) than the boys? No, they_.三翻译句子1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_ is _than Jim？_ are2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like _. All my_ _than me.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_pencil is _,_or_？_is, I think.4.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_ _ _than my _.5.多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise, youll _soon. 第八课时There be 句型与have, has的区别1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某人/物2、 在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。There be 句型与have, has的区别3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be表示在某地有某人/物；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用some 用于肯定 ，any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语一、用“have, has”or “there is , there are” 完成表格I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk. 3. He_ a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playground. 5. She_ some dresses. 6. They_a nice garden. 7. What do you_? 8. _a reading-room in the building? 9. What does Mike_? 10. _any books in the bookcase? 11. My father_a story-book. 12. _a story-book on the table. 13. _any flowers in the vase? 14. How many students_in the classroom? 15. My parents_some nice pictures.二Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”1. I_ a nice puppet.2. He_a good friend.3. They_ some masks.4. We_some flowers.5. She_ a duck.6. My father_ a new bike.7. Her mother_a vase.8. Our teacher_ an English book.9. Our teachers_a basketball.10. Their parents_some blankets 第九课时人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词人称代词和物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours they them their theirs一用所给词的适当形式填空1.That is not _kite. That kite is very small, but _is very big.( I )2.The dress is _. Give it to _( she ) 3._is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are_ ( he )4.I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )5.Show _ your kite, OK? (they)6.Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7.I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8.Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9.I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10.Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they )11.Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12._ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13.That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )二用am，is，are填空1. That _ my red skirt. 2. Who _ I? 3.The jeans _ on the desk. 4. The black gloves _for Su Yang. 5. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 6. The two cups of milk _ for me. 7. Some tea _ in the glass. 第十课时基数词和序数词 基数词 序数词0 zero 1 one first/1st 第一2 two second/2nd 第二3 three third/3rd 第三4 four fourth/4th 第四5 five fifth/5th 第五6 six sixth/6th 第六7 seven seventh/7th 第七8 eight eighth/8th 第八9 nine ninth/9th 第九10 ten tenth/10th 第十11 eleven eleventh/11th 第十一12 twelve twelfth/12th 第十二13 thirteen thirteenth/13th 第十三14 fourteen fourteenth/14th 第十四15 fifteen fifteenth/15th 第十五16 sixteen sixteenth/16th 第十六17 seventeen seventeenth/17th 第十七18 eighteen eighteenth/18th 第十八19 nineteen nineteenth/19th 第十九20 twenty twentieth/20th 第二十21 Twenty-one twenty-first/21st 第二十一22 Twenty-two twenty-second/22nd 第二十二23 Twenty-three twenty-third/23rd 第二十三30 thirty thirtieth/30th 第三十40 forty fortieth/40th 第四十50 fifty fiftieth/50th 第五十60 sixty sixtieth/60th 第六十70 seventy seventieth/70th 第七十80 eighty eightieth/80th 第八十90 ninety ninetieth/90th 第九十100 hundred hundredth/100th 第一百 语法综合测试题（一）一、 按要求写出下列各词的不同形式（15分）：book（复数） happy（副词） big（比较级） I（名词性物主代词） he(形容词性物主代词) good（副词） carry（第三人称单数） us（主格） quickly（形容词） heaviest（原级） potato（复数） interesting（比较级） she（宾格） read（过去式） come（动词-ing形式） 二.单项选择（50分）：（ ）1.We have some but we need some .A. tomatos ; potatos B. tomatoes ; potatos C. tomatoes ; potatoes D. tomatos ; potatoes( ) 2. sun is bigger than moon. A. / ; / B. A ; aC. the ; the D. The ; the( ) 3.I have egg and apple for breakfast. A. a ; a B. an ; anC. a ; an D. an ; a( ) 4.Can you tell about the story? A. I B. meC. my D. mine( ) 5.This is book, is on the shelf. A. I ; you B. my ; yoursC. mine ; yours D. my ; your( ) 6.Those boxes are too . A. heavy B. heavily C. heavier D. heaviest( ) 7.Monday is day of the week. A. two B. the twoC. the second D. second( ) 8.He studies very well he studies hard. A. but B. soC. if D. because( ) 9.-How do you go to school? - bus. A. On B. ForC. By D. In( ) 10.-May I borrow your ruler? -Yes, you . A. can B. mayC. need D. must( ) 11. They in the same class now.A. is B. are C. was D. were ( ) 12. The fish smells . A. good B. wellC. nicely D.badly( ) 13. What the twins now?A. is ; doing B. do ; doC. are ; doing D. do ; doing( ) 14. Does your father English in the USA?A. learns B. learnC. learnt D. learning( ) 15. Mother to Beijing the day after tomorrow.A. is going to fly B. am going to flyC. are going to fly D. is going to flies( ) 16. My sister the Youth League last year.A. join B. joinedC. joins D. joining( ) 17. He his homework yesterday.A. hand in B. didnt hand in C. doesnt hand in D. hands in( ) 18.There a desk and three chairs in the class.A. have B. isC. are D. be ( ) 19. fast he runs!A. What B. What aC. How D. How a( ) 20. -Happy New Year.- A. Merry Christmas B. Thank youC. The same to you D. Sure( ) 21. Look, the cat after a rat. A. runs B. runC. is running D. ran( ) 22. There some water in the bottle.A. is B. areC. have D. be( ) 23. -Must I go home before 6:00 p.m.?-No, you .A. must B. needC. mustnt D. neednt( ) 24. His uncle always exercise on Sundays.A. does B. doC. doing D. did( ) 25. There is a cat the tree , there is a pear the tree.A. in ; in B. on ; onC. in ; on D. on ; in 三、用括号里的词的正确形式填空（15分）： 1.I brush my (tooth) three times a day.