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Chapter 9&10Motor SystemMuscular-skeletal systemP062Contents to be coveredCommon combining formsMuscles classified by functions(to be explained by the student)Fractures(to be explained by the student)Conditions involving muscles and bonesProcedures involving muscles and bonesP062dactyl/o-vP071vGr.Daktylosvfinger P071dactyl/o-vdactylolysisv7dAkti5lClisisv指(趾)脱落 P071dactyl/o-vadactyliaveidAk5tiliEv=adactylismveidAk5tilismv无指趾(畸形)P071rachi/o-vGr.rachisvspine P033rachi/o-vrachicentesisv7reikisen5ti:sisvlumbar puncturev腰椎穿刺 P033-porosisvpassage,porevosteoporosis v 7CstiEupE5rEusisv骨质疏松症 P033osteoporosisvWhat is it?vWho is most likely affected?vWhat are the risk factors?vHow can it be prevented?vWhat is the treatment?P033Osteoporosis vReduction in the amount of bone mass,leading to fractures after minimal trauma.-Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary 30th EditionHigh risk groupsvolder womenv50%of all women and 25%of men older than 50 Risk factorsvGetting older vBeing small and thin vHaving a family history of osteoporosis vTaking certain medicines(glucocorticoids)vBeing a white or Asian woman vHaving osteopenia,which is low bone massPrevention vbone mineral density testvdiet rich in calcium and vitamin Dvexercise and not smoking.medicationvAlendronate阿伦膦酸盐vRaloxifene雷洛昔芬vTeriparatide特立帕肽 brachi/o-vGr.Brachinvbranch,arm P082 brachi/o-vbrachiocephalicvbrAkI9EJsEfAlIkv头臂的vbrachiocephalic arteryv头臂动脉 P082cervic/o-vL.cervixvneckP082cervic/o-vcervixv5sE:viksv颈部,子宫颈vcervicothoracicv9s:vIkEJWErAsIk v颈胸廓的 P082The Skeletonvskullvcervical vertebraevsternumvribsvvertebravpelvic girdlevsacrumvcarpalsvmetacarpalsvphalangesvfemurvpatellavfibulavtibiaP074The Skeletonvclaviclevscapulavhumerusvradiusvulnavcoccyxvtarsalsvmetatarsalsvphalanges P074The Skeletoncervical vertebraethoracic vertebraelumbar vertebraesacral&coccygeal vertebraeatlasaxiscervical curvethoracic curvelumbar curvepelvic curveP075atalasvA Titan condemned by Zeus to support the heavens upon his shoulders.v 擎天神，阿特拉斯神被宙斯降罪来用双肩支撑苍天的一个擎天神vA standing or kneeling figure of a man used as a supporting column for an entablature.v 男像柱饰有站立或跪着的男像，用作上横梁的支撑柱子vA person who supports a great burden.v 栋梁之才担负重任的人The top or first cervical vertebra of the neck,which supports the skull.v 寰椎，第一颈椎脖子上的第一颈椎，支持头颅P075Different kinds of jointsvuniaxial jointpivot jointvatlanto-axial jointvbiaxial jointellipsoid jointvradiocarpal jointvmultiaxial jointball-and-socket joint vshoulder jointDifferent Kinds of JointsP033Movements of the JointsvAbductionvAdductionvFlexionvExtensionvRotation vPronation vSupination vEversionvInversionvProtractionvRetractionvCircumductionP076/P077FracturesFracturesFracturesFracturesFracturesFracturesFracturesFracturesWhat do they refer to?v spiral fracture of the femurv greenstick fracture of the radiusv impacted fracture of the humerusv transverse fracture of the ulnav oblique fracture of the metatarsalv compression fracture of the vertebraev depressed fracture of the fibulaOther Words to knowv arthritisv cariesv synovitisP077Other Words to knowvacrocephalyvacromegalyvarthrocelevarthrosclerosis vclubfootvclubhandvgoutvosteomavosteomalaciaP078Other Words to knowvricketsvarthrectomyvarthrocentesisvarthroplastyvcostectomyvsternotomyvNSAIDvcorticosteroidP079P080Other Words to knowv Achilles tendon injuries跟骨腱损伤v tennis elbow网球肘(tendonitis of the elbow)v chorea舞蹈病v charley horse四头肌僵痛v carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合征v phantom limb幻肢 Chapter 10Classification of muscles by their actionvabductorvAb5dQktE 外展肌外展肌vadductorvE5dQktE 内收肌内收肌vflexorv5fleksE 屈肌屈肌vextensorviks5tensE 伸肌伸肌vrotatorv rEu5teitE 盘旋肌盘旋肌vpronatorv prE5neitE 旋前肌旋前肌vsupinatorv 5sju:pi7neitE 旋后肌旋后肌085Chapter 10Classification of muscles by their actionvevertorvi5vE:tE 外翻肌vinvertorvin5vE:tE 内翻肌vlevatorvli5veitE 提肌vdepressorvdi5presE 降肌vtensorv5tensE 张肌vsphincterv5sfiNktE 括约肌vdorsiflexorv5dC:sifleksE 脊屈肌 085The English Equivalents v骨刺v椎间盘突出v膝关节置换术v肌肉萎缩v侏儒症vbone spursvherniated diskvKnee replacementvmuscular atrophyvdwarfismChapter 10vPick out ten words in bold-face type from P085 to P087 that you think should be known to medical practitioners and hand it in085
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